Plasmid Modification by Annealed Oligo Cloning
Summary
Oligo overlap cloning can be used anytime you need to add a short stretch of DNA to a plasmid, such as:
- Changing a Multiple Cloning Site (MCS)
- Adding short tags - ex: HA or Flag
- Cloning shRNAs
Background
For the purposes of this tutorial we will discuss how to add new restriction sites to the MCS of an empty vector. However, the following technique can be used just as easily to add short tags or shRNAs to any vector (the procedure will simply differ in terms of primer design).
Let's assume that your favorite vector has a relatively limited MCS (BamHI - EcoRI - SalI) and you want to expand that with the addition of NdeI, PacI, AscI, and MfeI. With oligo overlap cloning, you can design a set of oligos containing your desired restriction sites and add them to your existing vector. It is a couple days of work that will pay off for years to come.
Design
Briefly, we will design overlapping oligos that once annealed can be cloned directly into the overhangs generated by restriction digest of existing sites in the original vector.
Designing oligos:
To add NdeI, PacI, AscI and MfeI sites between the EcoRI and SalI sites of the vector, we design a top oligo with each of the additional sites in tandem (NdeI - CATATG, PacI - TTAATTAA, AscI - GGCGCGCC, MfeI - CAATTG). The bottom oligo will be the reverse compliment so that they can anneal.
| Top oligo: | 5' - CATATGTTAATTAAGGCGCGCCCAATTG - 3' = 28 bp |
| Bottom oligo: | 3' - GTATACAATTAATTCCGCGCGGGTTAAC - 5' = 28 bp |
We also need to include additional bases to complement the overhangs generated when digesting the vector with EcoRI and SalI (see diagram). To do this, we add 5' - AATTC and G - 3' to the top oligo and 3' - G and CAGCT - 5' to the bottom oligo, making our final oligos 34 bp each:
| Top oligo: | 5' - AATTCCATATGTTAATTAAGGCGCGCCCAATTGG - 3' |
| Bottom oligo: | 3' - GGTATACAATTAATTCCGCGCGGGTTAACCAGCT - 5' |
Note: We could leave off the 3’ G on each oligo (and the complementary C of the other oligo), but this would destroy the EcoRI and SalI sites in the final vector.
Order the following oligos from your favorite oligo synthesis company:
| Top oligo: | 5' - AATTCCATATGTTAATTAAGGCGCGCCCAATTGG - 3' |
| Bottom oligo: | 5' - TCGACCAATTGGGCGCGCCTTAATTAACATATGG - 3' |
Note: If you plan to phosphatase treat your cut vector it is necessary to use 5'-phosphorylated oligos. This is an option that can be added when ordering them or can be performed enzymatically later.
Experimental Procedure
Digest and purify vector:
While waiting for your oligos to arrive, conduct a restriction digest of 1μg of vector with EcoRI and SalI
Run an agarose gel and cut out the band containing your vector DNA
Gel purify your DNA away from the agarose using a commercially available kit or standard protocol.
Anneal oligos:
The oligos should be resuspended in annealing buffer (10mM Tris, pH7.5-8.0, 50mM NaCL, 1mM EDTA) and mixed in equimolar concentrations. We recommend mixing 2μg each in a total volume of 50μL - add additional annealing buffer if necessary to get to 50μL. Efficient annealing can be achieved by one of two methods:
Method 1.
Place the mixed oligos in a 1.5mL microfuge tube.
Place tube in 90-95°C hot block and leave for 3-5 minutes.
Remove the hot block from the heat source (turn off or move block to bench top) allowing for slow cooling to room temperature (~45 minutes).
Method 2.
Place mixed oligos in a PCR tube.
Place tube in a thermocycler programmed to start at 95°C for 2 minutes.
Then, gradually cool to 25°C over 45 minutes.
Ligation:
Dilute 5μL of annealed oligos with 45μL nuclease-free water and quantify the concentration (should be about 8ng/μl).
Mix the annealed oligos with cut vector in molar ratios (vector:insert) between 4:3 and 1:6 in a standard ligation reaction (ex. to ligate an annealed oligo insert of 50bp in length into a 5kb vector, mix 100ng of the vector with 0.75-6 ng of annealed oligos).
Transform 2-3μL into your favorite competent bacteria and plate.
Be sure to pick multiple colonies for mini-prepping and verify insert by sequencing.
