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END nucleases are antiphage defence systems targeting multiple phages with modified genomes.

Yee WX, Lee YJ, Makarova KS, Klein TA, Wirganowicz A, Gabagat AE, Liu M, Csorgo B, Koonin EV, Weigele PR, Bondy-Denomy J
Nat Microbiol. 2026 Jun 26. doi: 10.1038/s41564-026-02407-2. (Link opens in a new window) PubMed (Link opens in a new window) Article

Plasmids from Article

ID Plasmid Purpose
260815p30T ENDPaCFIEND nuclease identified from CF040 in paper; later established that it targets multiple phages with different DNA modifications in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
260816p30T-Ec1Ec1 homolog in p30T; established that it targets multiple phages with different DNA modifications in E. coli
260817p30T-VcV. cholerae homolog in p30T; established that it targets multiple phages with different DNA modifications in E. coli. Seems to have a slightly wider range than Ec1.
260818Tn7_ENDPaCFIPlasmid to integrate END(PaCFI) into Tn7 site.

Antibodies from Article