We narrowed to 1,036 results for: REN

...test assesses the sum of differences between pairs). Samples arising from different subjects or populations...significant differences between the means of your groups. However, it will only tell you if differences exist...samples are different from each other, or if every permutation of pairs within the five is different. To identify...data – and it looks great! There are some exciting trends in your experimental groups, but how do you determine...groups to determine if they are statistically different. They are classic parametric tests and one of ... whether or not two samples are statistically different than one another, a two-tailed test should be ...control group. If you only care if one group is different in a certain direction (i.e., you just want to...

...immunodetection tools is their strong signal strength. This signal strength is due in large part to their larger...primary antibodies raised in different species, or at least from different IgG subclasses, so that secondary...incubation of 1° and 2° Must use different species and/or different IgG subclasses of 1° for multi-color...limited cross-reactivity between different IgG subclasses and different species, nanobodies are useful ...mouse or rabbit variety. While antibodies certainly aren’t “broken,” their production does require continued...Multiple polyclonal secondary IgGs can bind to different epitopes of a primary antibody. B) Each arm of...Monoclonal Only anti- rabbit and -mouse versions are currently available Not commercially available Small...

...output is measured and quantified. Created with BioRender.com.   Optogenetic tools Types of control We...excitatory and inhibitory channels activated at different wavelengths of light (Vierock et al., 2021). Step-function...stay on until a second pulse of light, with a different wavelength, turns it off, allowing the cell to... secondary signaling pathways. There are many different opsin (natural and engineered proteins responsive...against the concentration gradient. Created with BioRender.com.   Opto-G-protein coupled receptors  G-protein...intracellular domain of an endogenous GPCR, such as adrenergic receptors. When exposed to light, there is a ...pocket and activates the receptor. Created with BioRender.com.   Controlling secondary pathways with photoswitches...

...unaccounted for, may lead to different results. Different setting, different population, new genetic variation...in the process of sampling and inference-making. Even perfect transparent and rigorous studies will give...obtaining a different result after conducting a replication study. An important difference between the...are investigated to look for unexpected trends or differences between groups. Hypothesis generation is...images, measuring the main outcomes in several different ways, and other questionable research practices...variation, or different handling can all be important.  If we eliminate the problems above: unclear methods...previously unknown variable actually makes a big difference for the robustness of the findings.   How do...

...arbitrate for them. They were different people with some very different opinions, and some of them would...that there are different types of conflict. Most people perceive any conflict as inherently bad, and in ...actually been a meeting? Different teams frequently prefer to communicate in different ways, so the source ...thomas-kilmann-conflict-resolution-model/    References and Resources References Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Model, Management...without my “neutral” presence to alleviate those differences, they had a hard time maintaining their friendships...natural inclination for this skill that you could strengthen. The right set of transferable skills, coupled...hypothesis stronger. When you share data at a conference poster session, you don’t necessarily want everyone...

...successful IF experiment.    References and resources References Im K, Mareninov S, Diaz MFP, Yong WH (2018...target primaries produced in different species and to label targets with different colors. Multiplex immunofluorescence...Speaking of different colors, having a palette of secondary antibodies in a few different species and ...dimensional epitopes. Different sample processing steps can alter epitopes in different ways, so antibodies...indirect immunofluorescence There are a couple different approaches to be familiar with when talking about...immunofluorescence work. Image created with BioRender.com   Indirect IF is a much more common approach... By using multiple primary antibodies made in different species on a single sample, you can then use the...

...PMCID: PMC3929550. 3. Kaati, Gunnar, Lars O. Bygren, and Soren Edvinsson. "Cardiovascular and diabetes mortality...mortality determined by nutrition during parents' and grandparents' slow growth period." European Journal...in the body contain the same DNA but have very different structure and function, and can have a specialized...were experienced in a period of life when the grandparents’ gametes were developing, an epigenetic change...to have occurred that was passed down to the grandchildren; in this study,epigenetic changes were statistically...syndrome and Prader–Willi syndrome, which have very different disease phenotypes, are two fascinating examples...the gene is expressed in normal individuals (in a parent-of-origin-specific manner), but the expression ...

...converted to a different isotype, then two different secondary antibodies can be used with different fluorescent...have different binding properties (Morelock 1994). While in the majority of cases the differences are ...their parental species which can be bound by broadly reactive secondary antibodies to that parental species...conversions and chimeric antibodies! References and resources References Liddell, E. (2013). Antibodies. In...isotype conversion process the variable regions of a parental antibody (blue, rat) are cloned into a backbone...changing an antibody’s natural isotype to that of a different group (Fig. 1). This process, called isotope conversion...antibody’s isotypes, however, you could then use 2 different secondaries for your antibody pair and visualize...

...demonstrated that different deaminase and UNG enzymes had different sequence preferences, which they defined...outcomes of their various CGBEs at different target sequences and in different cell types, available at www....component of the nucleoside inosine. Created with BioRender.com. Although it was a huge innovation, there... Figure 2: CRISPR R-loop. Created with BioRender.com. Base editors take advantage of this single-stranded...non-target strand.” To avoid confusion, we usually use different terminology when discussing base editors, like...up to 68% at the most favorable target sites. Differential cytosine editing between bacteria and mammalian...sites. But the same strategy in E. coli produced different results. GBEs seemed to follow the same initial...

...activated cell sorting (FACS) to isolate differentiated from undifferentiated cells at the end of the screening... to study neuronal differentiation, it could also be applied to the differentiation of other CNS cell ... promoters (aCaMKII and hSyn). Created with BioRender.com. Before using gRNAs in vivo, they should...expression of dCas9-VPR (bottom). Created with BioRender.com. The Day Lab used their optimized vectors...to mRNAs generated from the same gene but with different untranslated or coding regions. Typically, each...straightforward to use CRISPRa to selectively target these different transcriptional start sites in order to better... expression of Bdnf resulted in hundreds of differentially expressed genes between Bdnf I-overexpressing...

...mutations would need to change to target different mutations in different patients. While these gRNAs would ...to see what you create next!   References and Resources References Cong, L., Ran, F. A., Cox, D., Lin...intervention, the team led by Kiran Musunuru and Rebecca Ahrens-Nicklas administered the first dose of his personalized...advances that led to KJ’s treatment. Created with BioRender.com. Invention of base editing Base editing ...efficient, and more flexible in their target preferences (Gaudelli et al., 2020; Richter et al., 2020)...CPS1 mutation. Every genetic target is slightly different, so more options mean better chances of identifying...effective. Targeting the right PAM Expanding PAM preferences Base editors can only access a short sequence...

...emphasizing the antibody’s specificity. Strength and accuracy The strength is based on binding specificity and...fear of referencing a wrong section. The antibody screening and development of a focused reference bring...School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.  References and resources References Baker M. Reproducibility crisis: ...), variability (separate batches can perform differently – happens when the antibody is produced from ...a new set of animals), and wrong application (different experiments/conditions can change binding ability...off-target molecules), reliable (wouldn’t perform differently over time), compatible with the desired applications... developed a criterion that includes accuracy, strength, and reproducibility. We test the antibodies on...

...can recruit parents from any background, it really helps if activities are run by parents who can answer...teachers reached out to their students’ STEM-oriented parents looking for experts to come give guest presentations... and technology into the school curriculum. Our Parent Teacher Association (PTA) has been instrumental... the annual Math & Science Night, a chance for parents and other members of the community to share their...you live in a school district that has a lot of parents in STEM careers, chances are they’re wondering ...expertise with our district middle school was a very different experience since, unlike elementary schools, middle...teachers at our school put out the call to local parents who would feel comfortable speaking on topics that...

... (Mauro and Chappell, 2014). Different rates of translation by different tRNAs, including those that exhibit...about trends in synthetic biology in Natural or synthetic? How Addgene;s dataset reveals trends in biological...There are 64 different codons that encode 20 amino acids and three stop codons, meaning that the same... Although the genetic code is universal, many different organisms actually prefer certain codons over ...tRNAs that are expressed may be found at very different levels (Mauro and Chappell, 2014). Due to this...that is based on the codon usage frequency in a reference of highly expressed genes (Sharp and Li, 1987)...stop codons. (B) Example of codon usage among different organisms. There are several codons that encode...

...an antibody but want to know if different combinations or even different chimeras might function better...antibody-based cancer therapeutics.    References and Resources References Chan, A. C., & Carter, P. J. (2010...functions, the constant regions can be altered for different isotypes, and so much more. How you engineer an...often referred to as nanobodies). Created with BioRender.com.   Antibody directed evolution Directed...specific goal, like improved specificity. There are different ways to achieve this goal, including error-prone...same general cyclical process (Figure 2). The differences typically come in when generating the library...of antibody directed evolution. Created with BioRender.com.   Generating mutant libraries   Error-...

...destroy and remove a pathogen. Different isotypes also appear at different stages of an immune response..... Some isotypes have different versions or subclasses that have minor differences in their heavy chain...new Isotype trading cards!     References and resources References Janeway CA Jr, Travers P, Walport...express receptors that recognize the Fc portion of different antibody isotypes. Binding to complement system...that transport antibodies through cells and into different body compartments, such as into mucus, tears, ...Western blotting.  The five isotypes of antibodies Differences in their heavy chain constant regions result ... However, when B cells switch to expressing a different isotype, the intervening DNA sequence is deleted...

... deposited by Promega here.    References and resources   References Allikalt, A., Purkayastha, N., Flad...and fluorescent ligands. Figure created with BioRender.com. Fluorescence refers to the emission of...energy due to non-radiative energy losses. This difference in emission results in a slightly longer wavelength...phenomenon is known as the Stokes Shift, or the difference in wavelength between peak excitation spectrum...vary in their chemical structure, leading to differences in their excitation and emission wavelengths,...target specific organelles like mitochondria, and different dyes can result in varying cytoplasmic background...ligands. For instance, studies have shown that different fluorescent ligands can elicit varying degrees...

...validated antibodies aren't available or if your experimental conditions are different than the validation... 12% 10–250 kDa Different sizes 4–12% gradient 4–250 kDa Different sizes 4–20% gradient...supplementary figures for validation data, or follow the references to find the original publication and ensure that...recombinant multiclonal antibodies — mixtures of different rAbs that target the same protein — can be used...such as a membrane-bound protein. There are many different lysis buffers available commercially, and most...BME is not as strong as DTT, you’ll have to use different concentrations if you switch from one to the other...to note that Bis and Tris gels run proteins in different patterns, due to their differing chemistries. ...

...reads are mapped against a reference sequence, if one was provided. If no reference is given, de novo assembly...functioning properly or be something completely different than what was originally intended. Sharing unverified...amplification or bacterial growth. Created with BioRender.com.   At Addgene, we put a lot of effort into...scientists worldwide. Depositing scientists provide different types of data for each of their plasmids, from...2. Addgene’s basic QC process. Created with BioRender.com. Once Addgene receives deposited plasmids...plasmid sequence de novo (without the use of a reference sequence) using a bioinformatics pipeline developed...scientists to easily visualize and identify sequence differences between our NGS results and deposited sequences...

...separately introduce each mutation independently into different mice, and then these strains should be crossed...of the mutations engineered into each of their parents. Here’s how to cross mice, using a simple example...Mendalian patterns of inheritance: 1. Genotype your parental mice In order to ensure that your genetic modification...generation, your breeding scheme should start with parental mice that are each homozygous for one of the two...targeting vector or gene of interest. 2. Breed your parental mice to generate F1 Once you’ve performed your...desired combination of mutations. Assuming your parental mice were all homozygous for your genes of interest...breeding heterozygous mice. In this case, your parental mouse should be hemizygous at the appropriate ...