...Targeted and specific delivery becomes especially important for studies in neuroscience where specific tissues...neuron need to be targeted. Targeting is also important in the development of therapies when expression...Picking Ligands Picking the right ligand is also important for building a chemogenetic system. Your experiment...cellular response you aim to manipulate. It is important to consider that the same receptor can elicit ...drug that only binds to one receptor, so it is important to fully characterize the compound, or compounds... ligand binding domains. When coupled to the ion pore domain (IPD) of a channel, the PSAM acts as a gating...DREADD-based chemogenetics in mice. Scientific Reports 9: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41088-2 Magnus...

...Calcium is arguably one of the most important metal ions in biology (sodium and potassium are up there..., and an allosteric modulator. Because of its importance, scientists have developed calcium sensors to...GCaMP6 family of sensors are commonly used calcium reporters with different kinetic parameters. There are three...also available. Detection methods Many calcium reporters use a single fluorescent protein (FP), requiring...unwanted variables. Twitch is a FRET-based calcium reporter derived from troponin C. It is engineered with...for in vivo studies) There are several calcium reporters specially designed for the aims and requirements... Sep 20;111(6):1119-31. Rose T, Goltstein PM, Portugues R, Griesbeck O. Putting a finishing touch on GECIs...

...the fiber optics is probably the least difficult portion of optogenetics (though it does require a significant...materials needed for optogenetics. There are several important considerations with fabrication of the fiber optics...your stimulation. The scatter effect is also an important consideration when preparing the implant itself...will run you about $2-3,000/laser. However, an important caveat is that one laser can stimulate only a ...photons, Chr2 will open but will not be given an opportunity to “reset” and become receptive to light once...wirelessly-controlled optogenetic implants have been reported by several groups [4, 5, 6]. These have the obvious... on optogenetics we’ll delve into some of the important considerations when performing optogenetics behavioral...

...show causality in neural circuits with incredible temporal and spatial precision (I’m not going to discuss...and components necessary to run it? And, most importantly, what are the methodological and experimental...Deciding how you want to use optogenetics The most important question to consider is what exactly do you want...cell type of interest is obviously of critical importance to any optogenetic experiment. There are numerous...of North Carolina) that offer his constructs. Importantly, control viruses (not expressing the opsin) are...for successful optical stimulation.  It is also important to note that some promoters are so robust they...[10]. Unfortunately, opsins are not actively transported and must passively diffuse so, depending on the...

...function improperly. 3. Incorporation into a FRET biosensor A FRET biosensor is a reporter that undergoes a ...Fluorescent Protein (GFP/EGFP) for a transcriptional reporter or as a general cytoplasmic label of cells, there's...FP dimerization. Equally problematic, several reportedly monomeric FPs are not actually monomeric, at ...fusions Transmembrane proteins, i.e. receptors and transporters, are integrated into lipid bilayers. Fusion ...native gels fail to detect EGFP dimerization. Importantly, all of these assays are performed in vitro. ...help you make better fluorescent fusion protein reporters for your studies and greatly lower your chances...

...academic science; there is most likely abundant opportunity to continue such discussions. Beyond the excitement...spent any time in academia has likely had the opportunity to attend and participate in journal clubs. They...Preparing for the first meeting There are many important pieces before that first meeting takes place to... to ensure success. One of the most important is letting people know it’s happening. Aim for 3-4 weeks...technical dive on single papers could be more important.  Any slides, presentations, recordings, and other...yourself in this situation, considering stopping (temporarily or permanently) the recurring meeting or perhaps...be well planned and carefully organized. Most importantly, they should be regularly assessed for continued...

...a fluorescent emission wavelength in the green portion of the visible spectrum (hence the name), which...maintaining fluorescence. The protein structure, first reported in 1996, is an eleven β-sheet-containing “barrel...solvent. This tightly-packed structure explains the importance of the entire GFP protein, which is almost completely...constructing fluorescent fusions. Transcription Reporter: Placing GFP under the control of a promoter of...a given cell type. This type of transcription reporting was among the earliest uses of GFP. Fluorescence...protein-protein interactions. In this case, two portions of EGFP are fused to the proteins of interest,...micrometastases in nude mice in cancer studies, act as a reporter for DNA double strand break repair, and to label...

...searching the Data Hub's curated collection of reports (which you can filter by serotype, species, or ... significant time and money. For instance, this report shows that anterograde, monosynaptic connections...our AAV Data Hub Challenge recording to see two reports presented by the submitting scientists, learn more...replicates of your experiment* Functional data, if the report describes a functional vector such as a channelrhodopsin...injection site as well as the target region, if the report describes a retrograde serotype An abstract that...experiment clearly and concisely* *required for a DOI. Reports that meet our minimum standards (* above) will ...

...very likely be on a team that supports you when you need it. The opportunity to be creative and think critically...hands-on lab opportunities. You can get your hands in nitrile gloves again! The opportunities are there ...gratifying challenge. You’re also getting the opportunity to learn their “language”, and in doing so you...tips from the Addgene blog. You’ll have the opportunity to discover and evolve your transferable skills...If you approach the transition embracing the opportunity for growth, you can tap into curiosity that led...

...the materials available to many countries, import and export regulations, differing customs processes, ...materials are available to any country that we can export to — so far, we’ve shipped materials from our repository...In China, direct shipments weren’t able to clear import control. Partnering with a distributor allowed ... resources As Addgene built out our scientific support services, we realized that another availability...developed systems to allow for easier access to export-controlled items by streamlining permissions and...expanding our website, we’ve learned about the importance of smaller, systemic changes, like using alt-...

...Neuroscience Community blog to read reports from bloggers at the meeting – my report is currently in the works....I have an important question: How much coffee does it take to fuel more than 30,000 neuroscientists over...community. It has been great to hear all the words of support from scientists using Addgene in their labs. And...scientific community. All of this speaks to the importance of scientific sharing to the neuroscience community... left for you to make the most of this great opportunity – so if you’re running out of energy, then it...

...you could be sharing your research or finding opportunities to bring science to the community.  We touch...relationships to have any possibility of getting those opportunities. Don't wait until you need a job to meet people...Director Career exploration “You can't wait for opportunities to fall in your lap. Sometimes, in order to ...to do the thing you love, you have to create opportunities. If you find yourself asking, "Why doesn't this..., you are in the early stages of creating an opportunity. That's how Addgene was founded. That's how my...misjudging your own abilities and missing out on an opportunity.” - Sophia Cheng, Senior Software Engineer “Searching...

...cerevisiae to human: The important gene co‑expression modules." Biomedical Reports 7.2 (2017): 153-158. PubMed...nervous system. The fly has also emerged as an important human disease model with potential for therapeutic... scientists to easily control the level and spatiotemporal expression of a gene of interest. This type...due to their simplicity, yeast have become an important experimental model in the study of neurological... 1960s, the zebrafish has gradually become an important model organism. They share about 70% of their ...method that uses heat induction to control the temporal expression of different transgenes, the Stainer...

...of Brainbow, Brainbow 3.0 (Cai et al., 2013), incorporates the highly photostable fluorophores mOrange2...default, they are not fluorescent. Instead, they incorporate a truncated, non-fluorescent form of YFP as the... the Confetti mouse (Snippert et al., 2010), a reporter mouse that can be used to track any cell type ...XFP expression in the Ubow mouse Another murine reporter animal, the Ubow mouse (Ghigo et al., 2013), was...overcame the low expression of XFP of Brainbow by incorporating a Tet-Off system to boost XFP expression. The...Tetbow can be introduced in vivo either by electroporation of plasmids, or using AAV vectors. The Imai... lab also developed a version of Tetbow that incorporates chemical tags instead of XFP to optimize it ...

...structure, separate chromosomes during mitosis, support transport of organelles and vesicles, and more. Although...microtubule-cutting sword Microtubules are one of the most important components of the cytoskeleton. They provide cells...demonstrated its use to probe cell mechanics, vesicle transport, and cell division, but given the long list of... what if you’re interested in that other most-important component of the cytoskeleton – actin? Actin dynamics...is not feasible or when the protein of interest supports a variety of processes in different cell types... (Aljiboury et al., 2023). Rab family proteins support vesicle trafficking and organelle dynamics, but...

...the start of every new year, it is a wonderful opportunity to once again reflect on our achievements in ... India, and Brazil. Through an expansion of our export license application service, we’re pleased to announce...by our depositors, used by our requestors, and supported by our repository. You can enjoy these stories...research materials and information. We will pursue opportunities to build on our strengths that have successfully...for the past twenty years while seizing new opportunities to create even greater value for the scientific.... In 2024, we will be actively seeking ways to support a global community where every researcher feels...

...scientists. Many members of the scientific community support open sharing. But, one critical part was missing...universities are showing an unprecedented amount of support about allowing use of plasmids for research by ... Technology Transfer Offices were, at least, temporarily closing, these groups were willing and able to...weeks. As of June 2020, we are happy to have the support of the following organizations to share materials... synthesized approximately 3,000 constructs to support SARS-CoV-2 research.  Browse the entire Ginkgo ...and funding initiatives such as Fast Grants that support us in our mission.  While rapidly expanding our...

...capstone project report and presentation, during the final week at Addgene. This report shared my work ...Coming from an environment with limited opportunities and support, puts into perspective just how much one... hearing her talk about Addgene’s internship opportunity taking place next summer.  I applied to Addgene...to differentiate which clone had successfully incorporated Syntaxin3 into its backbone. Once we had gotten...

...tasked with was creating and sustaining a biweekly report of our social media analytics, something that had... meant I was responsible for establishing a new report and routine across the marketing and content team...a fantastic spreadsheet template to build out a report on. I was able to understand what metrics would...this photo!  Here, I was also given a mixture of support and independence that allowed me to succeed. As...achieved my goal of helping everyone understand the importance of using analytics to make decisions on content...marketing and content teams for their help and support throughout the past six months!...

...doing a postdoc few science trainees will have opportunities to work on Emotional Intelligence or to hone...sense of engagement in the work Behind-the-scenes support from their bosses and employers. Availability of...in the goals of the organization and feel the importance of their contributions. Flexible work schedule...of each team member) Need challenging work, opportunities to pursue and problems to solve (I think this...self-directed, but need precise leadership and support from their superiors (beware of not micromanaging...highly mobile and can move to a new workplace if opportunities for learning and personal growth do not exist...