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TypeBlog Post...Suitability for in vivo experiments, due to their simple structure sdAbs in research These advantages...becoming valuable tools for diverse applications. For example, RANbodies can be used as an alternative to conventional...manipulate cellular functions, like in this early example we highlighted back in 2015, where sdAbs were used...around using sdAbs in diagnostic applications. For example, fluorescently and radioactively labeled sdAbs ...
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Early Career Researcher Toolbox: Free Online Molecular Biology Tools
TypeBlog Post...give you the reverse sequence, complement sequence, or reverse and complement sequence. Filter DNA tool:... tools help with that. DNA sequence reverse complement tool: Enter a DNA sequence and the program will...DAD): This tool designs overhang sets for high complexity Golden Gate Reactions Cloning ligation reaction... -
New Viral Vectors - Winter 2025
TypeBlog Post... Biosensor GENIE Project New viral prep with multiple serotypes pAAV-hSyn-GRAB_OTmut AAV1 Biosensor...Biosensor Robert Campbell New viral prep with multiple serotypes AAV-hSyn-Ribo-jGCaMP8s AAV1 Biosensor... AAVrg Control Karl Deisseroth New serotype (multiple) rAAV-CAG::FLEX-rev:: hM4D-2a-GFP AAV1 Chemogenetics... Multiple Authors... -
Viral Vectors 101: Transductions
TypeBlog Post...The triple T’s of biology are transformations, transfections, and transductions! In this blog we will...expressed. Once the design and construction steps are complete, it’s time to make virus! The constructed viral...the biological outcome you want to achieve? For example, do you want the nucleic acid cargo to be integrated... to achieve different biological outcomes. For example, some viruses integrate into the host genome (lentivirus... -
Multifunctional Neural Fibers: Modulation from Gut to Brain
TypeBlog Post...interact during various behaviors. Either tissue samples were harvested after the behavior, or the animals...adaptable tool that could continuously monitor multiple systems. Ideally this tool would be wireless, ...develop these fibers, the labs looked at previous implementation of optogenetic tools, calcium sensors, and ...optical stimulation of its associated fibers across multiple channels and can also record tissue temperature... -
Viral Vectors 101: What is a Virus (and a Viral Vector)?
TypeBlog Post...Viruses are simple: a genome packaged in a protein shell (Taylor, 2014). They’re so simple that we can... even decide if they’re alive or not. Yet these simple, small particles have quite the outsized impact... been genetically modified to either limit or completely eliminate their replicative ability. The remaining... -
Predicting Adverse Reactions to Monoclonal Antibody Drugs
TypeBlog Post...major histocompatibility complexes (MHC class I and II). There are multiple algorithms, both open-access... antibody drugs are popular therapeutics for a plethora of disease conditions, from cancer to autoimmune...approach The in silico approach cannot replicate the complexity of antigen processing events that take place ... -
Hot Plasmids - January 2023
TypeBlog Post...JA. Precise transcript targeting by CRISPR-Csm complexes. Nat Biotechnol. 2023 Jan 23. doi: 10.1038/s41587...only having one binding site per protein. Having multiple antibodies allows you to use them in parallel ...recombinant monoclonal antibodies for enhanced multiplex immunolabeling of brain. Elife. 2019 Jan 22;8:... Multiple Authors... -
Addgene: The First Twenty Years
TypeBlog Post...plasmids between scientists. The service would allow people to add a gene to a repository others could request... had 1,000 depositing scientists. Ensuring that people knew how to access Addgene, and that we were making...which continue to grow today. “I generally refer people to Addgene for the basics of molecular biology ...reagents, and we realized we could use the same principles to provide recombinant antibodies, another plasmid-based... -
Progress Towards a PAM-Free CRISPR
TypeBlog Post...enzymes The solution to the PAM problem seems simple, in theory: find a Cas enzyme or evolve one that...Cas proteins that don’t utilize NGG There are plenty of Cas9 variants which utilize alternative PAMs...engineering of the PAM-interacting domain of Cas9. After multiple rounds of engineering, they developed the SpRY...display higher off-target effects than SpCas9, a pleasant surprise since the PAM flexibility could in theory... -
Magnetic Control of Proteins: More than a Dream
TypeBlog Post...fluorescence when a small magnet was passed over the sample (Frank Hayward et al., 2024). The fluorescence ...intensity decreased whenever the magnet approached the sample (by less than 1%) and recovered after the magnet...interference, but the result persisted. (Even better, multiple other labs have reproduced their EGFP findings...expressing MagLOV while a magnet is waved under the sample. The imaged area measures approximately 82 mm across... -
Viral Vectors 101: Voltage Indicators
TypeBlog Post...signals are integral to many facets of biology. For example, many heart issues stem from the heart beating ...which are electrical charges propagated through multiple cells to do things like translate perceived signals...naturally occurring voltage indicator. To give an example, a genetically encoded phosphatase (voltage sensing...then localize and emit signal from. This specific example is attractive due to the large number of sheer ... -
PhD Applications After COVID
TypeBlog Post...where the PhD application cycle becomes much more complex. “How do I reach out to potential mentors?” “Where...of schools by meeting with professors - a/k/a Principle Investigators (PIs) - whose labs does research...right fit. Reaching out to PIs also means doing plenty of mini-interviews; these professors will not only...campus even if you can’t visit. By talking with people at the institution, you can get a better sense ... -
Plasmids 101: Choosing an Antibiotic Resistance Gene
TypeBlog Post...selecting plasmid-containing bacteria. So… why do some people still use amp? Carb is expensive (relative to amp...host/plasmid DNA during selection if it’s not completely bound up. While this likely occurs at a low rate...attention to antibiotic selection. If you feel like multiple of the above antibiotics would work for you, they...Antibiotic Resistance Stability Time Saving? Works for multiple organisms? Compatible with most bacteria? No satellite... -
Twenty Years of Sharing: Addgene's Viral Vector Service
TypeBlog Post... and the complexity of effectively deploying them in the lab somewhat mirrors the complexity of understanding.... Addgene’s Viral Vector Service Besides being complex to use, viral vectors are also difficult both to...broadly useful vectors, a process that isn’t as simple as it seems. Take, for instance, the GCaMP-encoding... -
How to Be an Excellent Trainee
TypeBlog Post...We think it’s so important that we have written plenty of articles on building successful mentor relationships...experience In research there is a saying that if the sample prep is poor, then the data will be poor. The same...you remember where the equipment, reagents, and samples are. Do: Ask your bench mentor if they have time...your mentor know what yours is! For instance, some people like to ask questions throughout training, while... -
Viral Vectors 101: Preparing Pooled Libraries
TypeBlog Post...tool is in such a small package. But don’t let the simple presentation deceive you; pooled libraries can ...visualization) that confirm diversity of the library sample, and any other information or scripts provided ...suffice…and the answer is no. Due to the size and complexity of pooled libraries, NGS is the best way to validate... plasmids didn’t amplify after your screen is completed! Producing Your Lentiviral Library Once you've... -
An Integrin Antibody Toolkit from IPI
TypeBlog Post...are essential cell surface receptors involved in complex signaling pathways and the linkage of intra- and...proved challenging to study. Cells often express multiple integrins that bind the same ligand, making it...development. Integrin structure and conformational complexity There are 24 known mammalian integrins, all heterodimers...demonstrated that anti-integrin αVβ5.9 “essentially completely blocks all adhesion,” inhibiting the function... -
Hot Biosensors 2022: Year-End Roundup
TypeBlog Post... into one of the loop regions of any G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) recognizing a specific ligand (...into an intracellular loop of various G-protein-coupled receptors. Image adapted from Ino et al. 2022, ...with different ITAM/SH2 reporter pairs allow multiplexed measurement of different RTKs. Although this ...to the range of concentrations expected in your samples. Higher affinity isn’t always better, especially... -
Export Control Regulations Lifted for Plasmids Containing Rabies and VSV-G Genes
TypeBlog Post...export controls and regulations are complex and may change suddenly. Please email [email protected] for the ...If you have any questions on ordering plasmids, please feel free to email [email protected]. We’ll be happy...