...access to the results of federally-funded research. 2)      In June, the White House honored 13 “Champions...does about the state of peer review. 8)     That same issue of Science also included an online survey ...

...electrophoresis, you only need 1-2 ul of sample and the run time is just a few minutes per sample. During the run, DNA...absorbance. Then you measure the absorbance of the DNA sample.  These absorbance measures give you an idea of...especially when you expect low concentrations in your samples and are often used to quantify DNA for next generation...fluorescence-based methods require a standard curve, a set of samples with a known DNA quantity and their corresponding...That way, you can compare the fluorescence of your sample against this curve to quantify your DNA prep. Though...yourself as many fluorometers will calculate your sample concentration for you. Agarose gel electrophoresis...concentration of each band in the ladder. You then run samples of your DNA at different dilutions and quantify...

...make it easier to study these mutants.   Fig. 2: (A) Betacyanin is produced from tyrosine by the activity...GUS staining or are not suited to studying large samples. RUBY Red But recently, something new has been ...consisting of these three enzymes expressed under the same promoter with self-cleaving 2A site linkages and...transformation next to an untransformed seed from the same plant beginning to germinate. (Top right, second...

...double strand break), increasing editing efficiencies 2-3-fold. However, the process of double nicking increases... editing as efficient as possible. Figure 2: Decision tree for selecting a PE6 variant. PE = prime...using paired prime editing. Nature Biotechnology, 40(2), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-021-01025...likely because both innovations aim to solve the same problem. Both approaches are effective, but users...

...citizens enter into in order to protect their rights (2). Less formally, governments are the organizations...science education and literacy that this changes.  2) Lumping all scientists (and consequently their results...politician Rush Holt said, government must have the same fundamental attribute that enables science: “humility...

...to a specific area at the plasma membrane (Figure 2). Just express the plasma membrane-localized iLID ...cells will be ready for the spotlight.    Figure 2: Opto-RhoGEFs to control Rho GTPase activity. A) Schematic...microtubule-severing protein, Katanin is of course named for the samurai sword called a katana. Opto-katanin consists of...

...wheat germ, HeLa, and Leishmania (Gagoski, et al 2015[2]). The proteins encoded in this set range in size ...to generate Illumina sequencing libraries using a 2-step PCR-based protocol and are compatible with single-end...plasmids used to generate these fusions all use the same restriction enzymes for cloning. Furthermore, some...

...establishing the dynamic range of your FRET assay (Figure 2). These labeling methods are freely interchangeable...PMID: 20161833. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2802762. 2. Dumas, Anaëlle, et al. "Designing logical codon reassignment–Expanding... However, the acceptor doesn’t need to go to the same exact location as the donor. As long as some of ...targeted nearby (such as a neighboring house on the same street as the donor), then FRET measurements are...Ebright, 2001). These Cy/NTA conjugates work the same way as NTA-sepharose beads used for protein purification... binding sites are adjacent to each other on the same protein and a negative control experiment conducted...

...that you can easily spot the colors and text. Tip 2: Use electronic to-do lists to access your tasks on...you identify when others have added or removed samples. Once you've taken some time to get organized, ...

...six different research constellations: Doench/Root (2), Zhang (3), Wu (4), Yusa (5), Wang/Lander/Sabatini...Bioinformatics 33.7 (2016): 1099-1100. PubMed PMID: 28414855. 2. Doench, John G., et al. "Optimized sgRNA design to...validation screen using selected gRNAs extracted from the same or another library. These different approaches could...Listed you can also easily extract gRNAs for the same gene from several libraries, and identify those ...

...motion videos is very time consuming; producing a 1-2 minute video takes an entire week of our free time...wrong. Whether it be a bad fridge freezing your samples, or a dysregulated water bath boiling your experiments...researcher doing some experiments in Brazil can have the same issues as one doing experiments in France. We can...

...majority of deposited materials to study SARS-CoV-2 would be fully open and available to industry requestors... over.” And we sent the Addgenies home.  At the same time, as Addgene started dealing with this new reality...and keep new projects on track to succeed at the same time. I began approaching science funding organizations...

...melanogaster." Molecular and cellular endocrinology 215.1-2 (2004): 1-10. PubMed PMID: 15026169. Soo, Rochelle... 2015). There, it divides into two cells. At the same time, it sucks out its contents (hence the name ...

...containing complementary polynucleotide chains. J Virol 9(2): 394-396. Lecomte E, Tournaire B, Cogné B, Dupont...accommodate adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) samples and created a simplified process, termed viral ...parallel, there is a very real risk of mixing up samples, serotypes, or both. Unfortunately, the standard... as [+] and [-] strands that are packaged at the same frequency, we reasoned that, following DNA extraction...

...is the most charged, with 5 negatively charged and 2 positively charged amino acids. FLAG tag has been ...endogenous WT levels of the same protein when both are expressed in the same system. Tagging can also aid...EQKLISEEDL) derived from the protooncogene of the same name. The tag has a net negative charge with 4 negatively...

...of different cell types within a sample to expected labeling (Figure 2). The panel of antibodies used in...then labeled with the antibody in the same tube.     Figure 2: Schematic showing the use of an orthogonal... recognize different epitopes of the same protein, show the same pattern of labeling, this is supportive...detecting the target-of-interest in your assay and sample-of-interest. The approaches available broadly map...determining the selectivity of antibodies for other sample types and for non-surface (intracellular) antigens...protocol used and the abundance of the epitope in the sample, relative to cross-reactive antigens – that is,...approaches used will be different depending on the sample and target type. To start the validation process...

...retransduce a model organism such as mice, e.g. first at 2 months, then at 4 months? Or do antibodies become ... A: It is our understanding that AAV-BR1 has the same genome size restrictions as other AAV. Therefore...somewhat more reliable quantitation. Differences in sample treatment across methods can affect reported titer...that users keep titering method consistent across samples within a project. Targeting Your AAV Q4: Are there...of co-delivering different AAV particles into the same cells in vivo? A: This will be highly dependent ...

...create a recombinant antibody.     Figure 2: Changes to the heavy chain or light chain genes within...Monoclonal” refers to antibodies that are all of the same isotype and specificity. In other words, monoclonal...recognize the protein even though it is present in your sample. Additionally, there is a lower likelihood that...antibodies that recognize many different epitopes on the same protein - are more likely to have off-target effects...produces high-affinity/high-avidity antibodies. The same hybridoma is then used to produce all lots of the...

...account when simulating a digest as depicted in Lane 2. Controlling methylation Finally, you can control... experiment? The answer to both questions is the same--methylation! Read on to learn about how DNA methylation...companion endonucleases that recognizes and cleave the same DNA sequence if not methylated (if it comes from...Although not all prokaryotic DNA is methylated to the same level, the potential for methylation should be considered...any) of those sites will be methylated. Using the same example plasmid as above (which has the XbaI site...

... ligands can elicit varying degrees of β-arrestin-2 recruitment to receptors, indicating their agonistic...fluorescent labels. In Nature Methods (Vol. 19, Issue 2, pp. 149–158). Nature Research. https://doi.org/10.1038...cytoplasmic background signals when used with the same protein (Hayashi-Takanaka et al., 2014). Other dyes...10.1038/s41592-021-01338-6 Grimm, J. B., Muthusamy, A. K., Liang, Y., Brown, T. A., Lemon, W. C., Patel...