We narrowed to 595 results for: cel.2

...animal is given additional booster immunizations every 2-3 weeks to increase the antibody titer. The titer ...level of antibodies is reached - typically within 2-4 months. After the animal has the desired level of...system, antibodies are produced by B cells. Each individual B cell produces antibodies that all recognize...also all the same isotype. But together, all the B cell clones in the immune system make different isotypes...antibodies starts with selecting just one of these B cell clones for further antibody production, polyclonal... blood from the immunized animal. The red blood cells and the serum are separated, and the serum - which...

...immediate early gene expression. Genes Dev. 1988 Jun;2(6):718-29. doi: 10.1101/gad.2.6.718. PMID: 2843425...Targeted Gene Expression in Drosophila.” Genetics 186(2) (2010): 735-55. PubMed PMID: 20697123. PubMed Central... in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.” FEMS Yeast Res. 12(2) (2012): 197-214. PubMed PMID: 22129153. Additional... by ~3,300-fold in Drosophila cells and ~24,000-fold in human HeLa cells as compared to basal expression...origins, Tet systems function well in mammalian cells, and TRE-containing promoters can be used in the...cumate switch system functions well in mammalian cells, and can be used in the repressible manner described...While originally developed for use in mammalian cells, this system has also been implemented in a variety...

...from this publication at Addgene. 2. Tang, Jonathan C.Y., et al. “Cell type-specific manipulation with ...successfully regulated expression of channelrhodopsin-2, commonly used in optogenetics, opening up the possibility...lines expressing GFP in specific cell types to do more than just label cells. If GFP could be co-opted to ...reporter output was observed in their 293 cell culture system. In cells cotransfected with GFP and the GBPs,...expression was induced in ~76% of GFP+ cells, and 100% of DsRed+ cells also expressed GFP. Using AAV constructs...fluorescent proteins as scaffolds for cell-specific gene manipulation.” Cell 154(4) (2013): 928-939. PubMed ...wanted to express a variety of proteins in single cell types in the mouse, but knew it would take years...

... pCRISPomyces-2 contains Cas9 and a gRNA cassette. The simpler system of pCRISPomyces-2 displays a higher...and a subsequent curing protocol that requires only 2-3 hours incubation. E. coli and T. citrea scarless...four major components including (1) a CRISPR RNA, (2) four proteins forming the QCascade DNA-targeting ...Control of Gene Expression. Cell 152:1173–1183 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.02.022 Ronda C, Pedersen... is primarily a means of selection that targets cells in which homologous recombination has not occurred...ensures high editing efficiency; the only non-edited cells to survive have inactivating mutations in the Cas9...one or more genes in E. coli. and in a mammalian cell line (Qi et al., 2013). Two important features of...

...studies have shown that the conditions Sotos-type 2 and Marshall Smith Syndrome are due to mutations in...accurate diagnosis of NFIX-related syndromes (Sotos-type 2 and Marshall-Smith) and could be expanded to NFIA-...are being awarded free plasmids form Addgene to accelerate their research. Read on to learn how these researchers...the physiological and pathological roles of human cell glycans. Accordingly, she joined efforts with the...aspect of immunology, participating in events such as cell development, recognition and migration, the immune... is not surprising. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind the immune defects in CDG patients...plasmids to immortalize CDG patient-derived immune cell lines and use these lines to study how immune processes...

... engineered components, like protein tags (Figure 2). Through the work of many groups, there are systems... in Addgene's repository (Table 1). Figure 2: Adding function to My Favorite Protein (MFP) through...building-blocks of living cells, rapidly forming covalent bonds to specific partners under cell-friendly conditions...using the reactive groups naturally present in a cell? By analogy to Click Chemistry, Click Biology can...the diverse kinds of proteins that one finds in cells. High yield of reaction — generating product without...reduced; in the ER and Golgi apparatus and outside the cell, most cysteines are oxidized in disulfide bonds....temperature and on ice, when we have cracked open the cells. The tools should react in all of these situations...

...linear fashion. This implies that reducing the power 2-fold does not reduce photobleaching by half. How exactly...prolonged time). Other illumination strategies, such as 2-photon-excitation, selective plane illumination, TIRF...intensity evolves over time in living cells at a power used for live-cell imaging. To conclude, the most photostable...molecule will photobleach at some point. For live-cell imaging, it is desirable to have fluorescent proteins...experiment. The best fluorescent proteins for live cell imaging can be excited many times, thereby producing...these factors, environmental conditions such as cellular redox state and oxygen concentration may affect...protein is a key requirement for quantitative live-cell imaging, it is important to be able to quantify ...

...plasmid kit consists of 20 plasmids encoding 14 alpha, 2 beta, and 4 gamma subunits of the heterotrimeric G...activation via bioluminescence resonance energy transfer 2 (BRET2). Check out our blog post on GPCR signaling...with heterotrimeric G proteins on the intracellular side of the cell membrane. Heterotrimeric G proteins...induce or inhibit intracellular signaling cascades as a response to the extracellular stimuli. Ligand dissociation...Peroxidase-Catalyzed Proximity Labeling. Cell 169:338-349.e11 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.03.028 Roth BL (2016...to the seven alpha helices that transverse the cellular membrane. The receptor recognizes the appropriate...signaling is initiated when a ligand binds to the extracellular surface of the GPCR. This results in a conformational...

...endonuclease of a class 2 CRISPR-Cas system. Cell, 163(3): 759-771 (2015). 10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.038 Harrington...and Cas13 are 1). non-specific RNA cleavage and 2). cell toxicity. Cas7-11 does not display collateral ... Stem Cells Using Type I CRISPR-Cas. Molecular Cell, 74(5): 936-950.e5 (2019). 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.03.014...cleavage and is significantly less toxic to mammalian cells than Cas13 (likely due to the lack of collateral...

...increase have had that increase cancelled. Rounding out the remainder, 2% of postdocs who weren’t going...continuing with their plans, and 17 have cancelled their plans. 2 of those raising - the University of Illinois...level, in the case of some public institutions) to cancel plans to raise salaries. What are institutions ...Illinois and the University of Michigan - initially cancelled their plans, but have since reversed their position...announced that they were reversing their plans to cancel raises). A further 9 institutions, whose plans ... In addition, PIs at some of the institutions cancelling plans are going ahead with raises anyway, including...injunction, as we started to hear of institutions cancelling plans to raise salaries, the only postdocs we...

...article in the Addgene Blog Mentoring series will cover 2 of the 7 mentoring questions I set out to answer. ...101-Building Relationships for Success”. Choose 1-2 tactics to try. One of my favorites is making the ...Healthcare Businesswomen’s Association hosts an excellent group mentoring program in many of its chapters...

...PMC367857. 2. Naldini, Luigi, et al. "In vivo gene delivery and stable transduction of nondividing cells by a..., and the desired gene (transfer vector plasmid), 2) the HIV-1 genome containing all viral genes with ...protocols that have been described (protocol 1, protocol 2, protocol 3) to find the one that will give you the...-dividing cells. The ability to infect non-dividing cells is not restricted to in vitro cell culture as...target cells. If you are transducing non-adherent cells you might need to centrifuge your cells with the...favourite gene into your favourite cell line or into primary cells, this blog article will give you some...infect both dividing and non-dividing cells, including stem cells. These properties make lentiviral vectors...

...residues, which can be found throughout the antibody. 2) Endogenous cysteines, such as those that make up ...Detecting antigens by quantitative immuno-PCR. Nat Protoc 2:1918–1930. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2007.267 ...and Protein Modifications in Cells and Tissues in Situ. Curr Protoc Cell Biol 89:e115. https://doi.org... like proximity ligation, immuno-PCR, and single-cell applications (Hegazy, et al., 2020; Niemeyer, et...epitope and transcriptome measurement in single cells. Nat Methods 14:865–868. https://doi.org/10.1038...

...segment on the B. subtilis libraries. Hot Plasmid 2: Transcription factor fusions modulate iPSC reprogramming...Check out additional microbiology resources Stem cell models for disease and open science: Interview with...

...somewhere else (Fig. 2). Class II TEs have LTRs on both of their ends.    Figure 2: Overview of DNA...has four major components: 1) a CRISPR RNA (crRNA), 2) four proteins (TniQ, Cas8, Cas7, Cas6) that forms... yeast, plant, insect, and mammalian cells, including human cells. piggyBac is biased to integrate at ...is active in vertebrates and integrates in human cells at rates similar to retroviral vectors. The hyperactive...piggyBac has an integration efficiency in human cells similar to retroviral vectors. The hyperactive PB...transposase (hyPB) is ~10-fold more active in mammalian cells compared to the codon-optimized wild-type piggyBac...G/C)TNA. Tol2 can deliver 10-11 kB to mammalian cells without decreased efficiency, with a maximum cargo...

...from another within a fully stained sample. Figure 2 is an example of the emission spectra for two fluorophores...another during spectral unmixing.     Figure 2: The full emission spectra for BV421 and BV711 on ...co-expression among cellular markers You’ll also need to know if markers are co-expressed in your cells when designing...immunologists, allowing for the rapid analysis of cell populations within a heterogenous tissue type, such...methods, the identification and isolation of rare cell types. In recent years, full spectrum flow cytometry...detector to detect one fluorophore and therefore one cellular marker. However, emission spectra of certain fluorophores...Spectral flow allows for autofluorescence extraction Cells produce a low level of fluorescence called autofluorescence...

...targeted DNA demethylation. Cell Discov 2, 16009. https://doi.org/10.1038/celldisc.2016.9.   ...Hrit et al. 2018, Kaas et al. 2013). Figure 2: CRISPR TET-based epigenetic editing. In reality, ...its oxidized derivatives. Cell 152, 5 P1146-1159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.02.004.  Xu X, Tao...enzymatic activity cause demethylation?  Dividing cells depend on DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) to copy...methylate sites blocked by dCas9. Within a few rounds of cell division, the original methylated strand is diluted...dCas9 expression and pLM-CMV-R-Cre. Selection for cells stably and highly expressing these constructs can...can be achieved by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and stable gRNA expression can be achieved using...

... follow the same general cyclical process (Figure 2). The differences typically come in when generating...starting point for the next cycle. Figure 2: General process of antibody directed evolution. Created...module_attribute "schema_version" is_json="true" %}{% raw %}2{% endraw %}{% end_module_attribute %}{% module_attribute...high-throughput screening techniques such as ELISA and cell surface display are common. ELISA enables quantitative...for comparing relative affinities across mutants. Cell surface display systems, such as bacterial, yeast...presentation of your mutant libraries on the surface of cells. This enables direct screening via flow cytometry...provide recombinant antibodies that target families of cell surface and secreted proteins (glypicans, integrins...

...from animals or hybridomas.   Figure 2: (Left) Figure 2: (Left) The light chain and heavy chain genes... be introduced into host cells, such as bacterial, yeast, or mammalian cells, for antibody production ...Nanobodies and recombinant binders in cell biology. Journal of Cell Biology 209:633–644 . https://doi.org...animals and bleed dates and even clonal hybridoma cell lines can produce more than one mAb (Bradbury et...plasmid or from an integrated sequence in a stable cell line. The genes encode the heavy chain and light...antibody protein binds an antigen. Image from Fvasconcellos.     How are Recombinant Antibodies Made...

...FRET signal back again. The Ting lab constructed 2 versions of this reporter to target the K9 (pcDNA3... 525.7570 (2015): 533-537. PubMed PMID: 26352475. 2. Bygren, Lars O., et al. "Change in paternal grandmothers...genes should be ‘read’ by the cellular machinery. This is how most cells in the body contain the same ...complex of DNA and histone proteins that compacts cellular DNA into chromosomes and reduces the risk of dangerous...the more compacted it becomes. This prevents the cellular machinery from physically interacting with the...visualise changes in histone methylation in living cells. Essentially this reporter construct consists of...recognise lysine 27 methylation. When tested in living cells where methylation of these sites was controlled,...