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We narrowed to 1,020 results for: NTS;

Showing: 321 - 340 of 1020 results

  1. Plasmids 101: Protein Expression

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...to extract without harsh reagents and patience. Plant expression systems Plants provide a cheap and low-tech...through the use of protein tags and separated from contaminants using a variety of purification methods. Deciding...systems can be scaled up for production of large amounts of protein. Some drawbacks of insect cell expression... systems. Bacterial expression systems When one wants to produce vast quantities of protein rapidly and... DNA vectors that can be used to produce large amounts of protein in bacterial cells: the pET, pRSET, ...recombinant proteins. Many cells from various types of plants such as maize, tobacco, rice, sugarcane, and even...share many of the same features and processing requirements as mammalian cell expression systems, including...

  2. Mycoplasma Contamination: Where Does It Come From and How to Prevent It

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...Contamination by humans accounts for the largest source among those mentioned above. The contaminants can spread through...antibiotics and are broad-spectrum antibiotic agents. These agents can be used to wash the cell cultures. The...to the liquid or semi-solid medium (containing nutrients essential for mycoplasma growth). Infected cell...synthesized by eukaryotic cells. First, the kit components rupture the mycoplasma and then specific enzymes...for the lab to avoid bringing in environmental contaminants.  Figure 2: An Addgenie works in the...Photo by Kate Harten DeMaio. Cell lines and reagents Examine your cell line stock for mycoplasma contamination... subculturing. Avoid using expired products or reagents that have been stored for a longer time. Use fresh...

  3. Plasmids 101: Using Transposons in the Lab

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...repetitive genetic elements that are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes.  Components of a transposon...around in the lab.  Let’s take a look at the key components of transposons, how they are classified, and ...target sites. Integration of most transposable elements (TEs) results in the duplication of this target...insertion.  Types of transposons Transposable elements are split into two classes based on their mechanism...the rest of this article. Class I Transposable elements (TEs): Retrotransposons  Class I TEs are also ...screens Transposons, by their nature, are mutagenic elements, which makes them a great tool for mutagenesis...developed the INTEGRATE (Insertion of Transposable Elements by Guide RNA-Assisted Targeting) system. INTEGRATE...

  4. DNA Purification Without a Kit

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...DNA you’re purifying (plasmid, genomic, or DNA fragments from agarose).    In this article, we will go ...or agarose gel slices Product: plasmids or DNA fragments The plasmid purification and DNA gel extraction...Starting material: agarose gel slices Product: DNA fragments You might be wondering, “How is milk going to ...or even paper towels to purify DNA and RNA from plants, microbes, blood or mammalian cells in 30 seconds...into this mixture to absorb the nucleic acids. Containinants bind cellulose less tightly than nucleic acids...placing the dipstick into a wash solution removes contaminants while nucleic acids stick around. Finally, purified...gel slices Product: purified PCR product or DNA fragments Maybe you’re not ready to give up DNA purification...

  5. Fluorescent Proteins 101: Monitoring Cell Mobility Using Fluorescent Proteins

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...immunity in diverse tissue environments. These studies provide quantitative measurements of cellular motility... tissues structures are more stable and local movements predominate (e.g. a basal progenitor cell migrating...proteins can and have been used to monitor cellular movements in the immune system. The techniques used here... Studying cell mobility within these complex environments has never been easy and, for many years, researchers...to count cells and statistically analyze cell movements. By using cells labelled by fluorescent chemicals...giving researchers the ability to monitor cellular movements in real time. This technique was first Introduced...use of fluorescent proteins to track cellular movements and interactions. Even if virtually all fluorescent...

  6. Antibodies 101: Flow Cytometry

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...permeabilization with detergents such as triton-x, saponin, or tween. Take care when using strong detergents like triton-x... and electronics systems, FACS instruments have specialized components that can divert a subset of cells...overcome these challenges and make these types of experiments easier and faster to perform. Introduction to...channel number based on intensity. Higher intensity events are assigned to higher channels. In a typical assay...assay a user will compare the shifting intensity of events. Since intensity positively correlates with expression... flow cytometry particularly well to complex experiments looking at a variety of different targets. If...for setting up antibody based flow cytometry experiments.       References and resources References:...

  7. Analyzing CRISPR Editing Results with ICE from Synthego

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...analyzing thousands of edits performed over multiple experiments and comparing the robustness, accuracy, and speed...also provides a Knockout score (KO-score) which represents the proportion of cells that have either a frameshift... How ICE works   Following delivery of CRISPR components into target cells, genomic DNA from both edited...analysis, which can compare up to five editing experiments at a time, and batch analysis, which compares...confident you can be in the ICE score. KO Score - Represents the proportion of cells that have either a frameshift...the edited pool. The black vertical dotted line represents the cut site, and yellow + symbol on the far ...trace. The horizontal black underlined region represents the guide sequence, along with the red underlined...

  8. Oh, The Places You Can Go: Careers in Science Communication - Curriculum Development

    Type
    Blog Post
    ..., case studies, and experiments for labs, in addition to testing those experiments. “We also do videos... with students and faculty, Caitlin also collaborates with the sales and operations departments at eScience... on her job as an SME: “I write curriculum for students taking science courses online, which is a blast...then condensing that and making it accessible to students.” Making science approachable is often the most...in isolation. “A lot of what we do is work with students who don’t have a science background. [We ask them... demonstrating an experiment or a technique to students, like how to pour a gel [for] electrophoresis ...team to meet faculty and introducing the kits to clients who might initially be doubtful of online science...

  9. Viral Vectors 101: Parts of the AAV Transfer Plasmid

    Type
    Blog Post
    ... are key elements of an AAV plasmid. Parts shown in grey are optional cis-regulatory elements.   Key...sequences. Other cis-regulatory elements Next let’s talk about some of the elements that aren’t required parts... common AAV plasmid elements! And while there are many other AAV plasmid elements and combinations out... Where do you start? Turns out like all good experiments, making AAV starts with some plasmids. You just...Key elements of an AAV plasmid First let’s talk about the key parts of an AAV plasmid. Inverted terminal...Addgene blog Learn more about basic viral vector elements Read about four considerations for the perfect...

  10. Donations from Addgene to Yield Answers for Rare Disease Researchers

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...OCRL1 gene that leads to the early death of young patients as their kidneys fail. The condition was first...piqued their interest. They obtained cells from patients with the condition to reveal some “outstanding...problem. “We’ve had the opportunity to meet a few patients that suffered this disease,” Aguilar said. “Once... (XP). This recessive genetic condition leaves patients incredibly sensitive to sunlight and prone to ...interested in XP out of a desire to understand the early events in the transformation of healthy cells into melanoma... with CRISPR-Cas9. There are so many different variants and strategies out there. This will help us acquire... as Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood (AHC). Patients affected by AHC suffer from recurrent attacks ...

  11. Antibodies 101: Normalization and Loading Controls for Western Blots

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...condition 1” points (POI and loading control) are smaller than the analogous green “condition 2” points by the...blot.   Total protein measurements as loading controls Total protein measurements are an accurate alternative... example gel (left) with bands corresponding to points on the plot of protein abundance versus band intensity...the exact same value. For the two solid POI points, this difference is reflected on the band intensity...intensity axis. But the loading control points are outside of the linear detection range. As a result, they have...Outside the linear detection range, band intensity measurements become extremely susceptible to error, since...for your POI. Figure 6: Total protein measurements are taken on the same gel or membrane (depending...

  12. Transferable Skills Guide: Time Management

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...cell lines. As I started planning out my own experiments in graduate school, I had to divide my time between...the long and highly useful tasks. The quick accomplishments will likely energize you. For example, let'...experiment fails, you’ll still have made small accomplishments each day that should help keep you content ...section below, it’s important to dedicate specific amounts of time to specific tasks beforehand and assess...my undergrad days, I had general goals for my experiments, but didn’t spend enough time thinking about ...quite difficult. In my experience, planning has 3 components: A mechanism for blocking off time for different...make sure I have explicit goals in mind for the endpoints of a task or project (with metrics if possible...

  13. Deep Mutational Scanning with One Pot Saturation Mutagenesis

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...homologous DNA fragments in a single-tube reaction. For mutational scanning experiments, libraries of ...of a plasmid library that expresses all desired variants of a protein. Applying a selective pressure winnows...winnows the pool down to plasmids expressing variants with optimal function. High-throughput DNA sequencing...mutational scanning Hundreds of thousands of protein variants can be tested in one experiment. There are many...of DNA fragments that contain variable bases (NNN) at any given codon site of interest can be cloned into...deficient in dUTPase and uracil deglycosidase. dUTPase prevents the buildup of dUTP and uracil deglycosidase removes...across a region of interest, generating multiple mutants in one PCR reaction. Below is a step-by-step overview...

  14. Multiple Plasmids at a Low Price: Kits from Addgene

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...all the variant PUF segments required to bind any 8 base RNA sequence. The segments are provided in Gateway... have any questions, please write to us in the comments section.  FX cloning kit This kit is designed...Translation of the standardized leader peptide prevents secondary structures in the mRNA encoding your...expression systems; the Cell-free expression test kit represents a set of 88 clones in a pCellFree vector that...quantitatively determine allele frequencies across timepoints or populations. This kit consists of a 48 plasmid...ordered progression to resistance." Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 57.11 (2013): 5373-5383. Walkiewicz...Assembly Kit PUF proteins are composed of repeat segments that can be engineered to bind specific RNA bases...

  15. Evolution of Brainbow: Using Cre-lox for Multicolor Labeling of Neurons

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...fluorescent proteins, with recombination events specified by three loxP variants, but the principles remain the ...recombination to generate additional recombination events, and the synthesis of alternative loxP sites to...expression; these deletions are defined using 2 loxP variants (only identical loxP sites can mediate recombination...either deletion removes one of the other loxP site variants, preventing further recombination. Brainbow-1.1...) The construct contains two tandem invertible segments, each with two fluorescent protein coding sequences...combinatorial effect of multiple, independent recombination events leads to a rainbow of colors. With three copies...Variations Between Brainbow Systems   Brainbow variants and applications beyond the mouse brain In addition...

  16. Plasmids 101: NGS Quality Control for Pooled Libraries

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...same output: a spreadsheet of read counts. You can use these counts to confirm the representation of your...when you need to amplify a library for your own experiments. Library amplification 101 Library amplification... lots of library DNA is needed for screening experiments, so the scale of the DNA prep is larger. And ...is similar for most libraries. Here are the key points you’ll need to remember when undertaking library...enough DNA and competent bacteria to ensure all components of the library are represented. Typically, Addgene...need to count how many times each of the library components is found in the read list. If you also sequenced... your library. When plotted as a histogram, the counts will give you a bell curve of the abundance of ...

  17. Advice for Scientists Starting a Lab

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...undervalued.” Connie Cepko points out the limited choices in hiring graduate students and postdocs when starting...be half of my day sometimes.” He points out that the copious amounts of email are probably because a PI... than just experiments and grant writing. You have to enjoy the mentoring role.” She points out that new... having projects ambitious enough that everyone wants to recruit rather than repel and hoard.” If you'...it is once it gets fully up to speed.” He also comments that it is also surprising “ how easily people...last post in this series “Fun in the lab!”   Acknowledgments Thank you to Dr. Tom Ellis (Imperial College...

  18. Choosing a CRISPR Nuclease: Site Accessibility, Specificity, and Sensitivity

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...the most recent advances and how some of these variants may be appropriate for your specific research ...nuclease When choosing the Cas9 nuclease for your experiments, there are three important factors to consider...isolated from different organisms and engineered Cas9 variants that were able to target different PAM sites (... be targeted (Hu et al., 2018).  These altered variants can allow for targeting of your genomic loci of...sensitivity in choosing the Cas9 to use in your experiments   The CRISPR drawer. So many options! ...off-site activity of Sniper-Cas9 to different Cas9 variants using gRNAs of different lengths (Lee et al., ...suitable for in vivo research and potentially treatments. Cas12b, characterized by the Zhang (Strecker...

  19. GCE4All: Making Genetic Code Expansion Accessible

    Type
    Blog Post
    ... interested in using GCE, here are the basic requirements of use. First, and most obviously, you need ...incorporated ncAA, ready for you do to any number of experiments with. The catch The rapid expansion of GCE led...That many GCE technologies have idiosyncrasies presents a significant barrier for those wishing to use...GCE aren’t able to successfully complete their experiments and many others are dubious enough that they ...optimization parameters the same for all three components, meaning that the final protocol may involve ...’s not uncommon to find protocols that require reagents which aren’t broadly or easily available, so you...protocol that you’ll have to rework to include reagents accessible to your lab. The solution GCE provides...

  20. CasPEDIA: A Functional Classification of Cas Enzymes

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...other RNA components are required? CasPEDIA provides information on crRNA and tracrRNA requirements, along...field has exploded with dozens of Cas enzymes and variants available. Without a comprehensive resource, it... and cleaves ssDNA in trans. In sum, CasPEDIA documents the target substrate (DNA/RNA and strandedness...(nick, bind, cleave, mixed). This information represents the ‘big picture’ features of the enzymes documented...a candidate Cas for your experiment. Target requirements As we all know, a Cas guided by a gRNA is useless...) in some cases. The resource displays these requirements in regard to their sequence (NGG, etc.) as well...experiment. Perhaps you are a structure junky who just wants to learn about Cas domains. CasPEDIA either directly...
Showing: 321 - 340 of 1020 results