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...transposons due to changes in coloration of corn kernels. Aside from corn, transposons are in the genomes of many...encode a transposase enzyme.  Class I TEs are considered replicative since every time they jump they make...transposons are used in the lab, the transposase gene is provided in trans so that a gene of interest can be inserted...preferred target site for integration is TA dinucleotides and it leaves behind the CAG DNA footprint from...with next generation sequencing, and analyzed to identify which insertions were positive or negative selected...site preference and host range are important to consider when selecting a transposon for a mutagenesis ...regions, gene disruption is less of a concern. RNA guided transposons insertion One drawback to DNA transposons...

...meeting and a means to request funding for events, consider reaching out to it. PTAs have more flexibility...Science Night. There are plenty of places to get ideas for science activities. I did some crowdsourcing...teachers socially and we’d already discussed the idea of my giving a CRISPR presentation to their students...students learned something. Based on the initial guidelines I received from the teachers, I formulated the...schooler himself and b) I had the background to be considered an authority in this area. What is genome engineering...CRISPR work? This section was essentially background slides getting everyone on the same page in terms of the... by running it by the teachers and sharing some slides on Twitter, where I was able to get some great ...

...many different inserts. The downside: this type of primer does not provide information about the orientation... blog post discusses some of the key things to consider when performing colony PCR.   Designing colony...different inserts. When you design primers to anneal outside the cloning site, it doesn’t matter what the sequence...information about insert orientation, then you might consider designing orientation-specific primers. Blunt ...primer pair for each insert Backbone-Specific Provides information about the size of the insert and if...because primers are plasmid dependent Doesn't provide information about the orientation of the insert...-up Setting up colony PCR reactions is nearly identical to preparing a standard PCR reaction: combine ...

...quarantining {% video_player "embed_player" overrideable=False, type='scriptV4', hide_playlist=True, viral_sharing...an estimated total of 380,000 deaths worldwide (statistics provided by Google on 6/4/20). Many countries...interested in examining the effect of COVID-19 on worldwide scientific activity. However, this type of open-ended... requests over 6 years for 35 papers (data was provided by Addgene on 5/26/20 and contains requests from...holiday effects. Based on these observations, we considered the following (noiseless) model for our data:...factor 𝜙z if t is during event z. The "events" we considered for our model were weekends, Christmas/New Years...Europe. To improve the stability of our model, we considered only the 10 papers with more than 10 unique order...

...watch a how-to video. My dad, on the other hand, mastered the art of finding how-to videos on YouTube long...today's science communications: podcasts, blogging, videos, lectures, exhibits, social media… how do you choose...of looking for The One Method to Rule Them All, consider the following four questions to figure out which...use at Addgene: YouTube, for longer educational videos, and Twitter, for sharing updates, new deposits...precious free time.  And don’t be afraid to think outside of the box. There are so many ways to communicate...comic about math probably didn't sound like a great idea to most people in 2005, but XKCD is pretty successful... can make for beautifully compelling photos and videos, while molecular, micro, and cell biology are often...

...organization or a program and a funding opportunity coincided, and they stepped up to apply for a grant which...to evaluate the organization’s grant readiness, identify grant opportunities, secure grant awards, and ...receive and manage funds.  Grant professionals identify grant opportunities with the highest likelihood...strategy and projections around that likelihood. We provide expertise on the processes needed to successfully...grantmakers. We keep up-to-date on the changing guidelines and regulations impacting grant management, we...career path changed when I was asked if I would consider consulting for a particular grant by another state...transferable. Use your experience and your passion(s) to guide you in building a grant career. Do you have a passion...

...said to be hyperpolarized. The chloride pump NpHR brings in negative chloride ions which hyperpolarize the...generation times and high fecundity, make zebrafish ideal for high throughput studies of optogenetics.  ...these charged particles and whether they make the inside of the neuron more positive or more negative.  ...  Neuronal stimulation: Depolarization When the inside of the neuron becomes positive over a certain threshold...inhibition: Hyperpolarization Conversely, when the inside of the neuron becomes more negative it becomes ...swimming. Zebrafish behavior studies in action: Identifying neurons that trigger spontaneous swimming  Researchers...lab applied optogenetics in zebrafish larvae to identify new neurons that trigger the CPG (central pattern...

...the use of chemical pesticides may be avoided or decreased. Biosensors for herbicide detection Dr. Rodrigo...scientists work on projects spanning from the identification of plant compounds and insecticidal proteins...renewable biotechnology products and biosensors for herbicides as well as developing yeast as source for dietary...focuses on endophytes, bacteria, and fungi that reside within living plants and that produce compounds...expression system pDawn to clone and express newly identified proteins and enzymes. These compounds will later... yeast capable of desaturating fatty acids. Identification of Insecticidal Proteins Linh Bao Ton (M. Sc...thrives to make affordable biosensors that detect herbicides, such as glyphosate, in water. He aims to leverage...

... past decades, neuroscientists have made great strides to map brain regions and allocate specific functions... modulating. Viral vectors, in contrast, are considerably more versatile and specific in how they manipulate...manipulate neuronal function, with far fewer side effects compared to lesioning methods -  they may be the...ve previously discussed some of the general considerations for performing behavioral tests, but now we...used since the 1970s to test the efficacy of antidepressant treatment in rodents. In this test, an animal...BDNF in the hippocampus causes a shift towards antidepressant behavior in rats in the forced swim test as...neurons (Drd1) in mPFC is responsible for the antidepressant effect. To specifically activate the Drd1 neurons...

...it is crucial for scientists to not only easily identify base editing events in real-time but also enrich.... APOBEC-Cas9n-UGI targets its preferred trinucleotide motifs (5’-TCA-to-TUA) found within the 43 base-pair...cells expressing eGFP and mCherry. ACE was used to identify cells that have been successfully edited with ...efficiency in real-time, it relies on DSBs which is not ideal for monitoring single base edits (St. Martin et ... cells. mCherry is constitutively expressed to identify successfully transfected cells. C-to-T editing...2019). TREE is a real-time, fluorescent based identification system for the isolation of base-edited cell... plasmid delivery to a cell. In contrast, TREE provides a read out for plasmid delivery and subsequent...

...transformed E. coli expressing Cas7-11, they found no evidence of growth inhibition when the system was retargeted... more they worked with it, the more they found evidence contradicting their initial assumption. Eugene... Type III-E, and then used this information to identify a large variety of related bacteria with similar...with lower knockdown efficiencies. The ability to identify related Cas systems opens up the potential of ...proteins and a putative Cas11-like protein, and a guide RNA. The enzyme has dual activities: processing ...CRISPR-driven precision into a genome, can be considered the fourth generation of CRISPR, one which drops...drops itself neatly into that gap. Consider, for instance, a disease like cystic fibrosis, which can be...

...by every living thing fit onto a single lecture slide. That shared language is the basis of shuttle vectors...vector into your target cells; you also have to consider how to keep it there. In fast-growing populations...populations of cells, the vector needs to replicate alongside its host, or it will be lost from the population...sequence is needed to retain the vector as cells divide. In transient transfection, the vector remains ...synthesis. Eukaryotes, with no cell walls, can grow alongside these antibiotics just fine. This is useful for...But be careful — antibiotic mechanisms vary! Aminoglycoside antibiotics also block protein synthesis, and...protects against any of them. But different aminoglycosides work on different host species: kanamycin targets...

... in a small region. This makes them useful for a wide variety of high-throughput experiments. There are...individual books, genetic barcodes allow researchers to identify specific cells — as well as their descendants....tracing, among other applications. Cells can be identified using fluorescence, like in the pMuSIC library... libraries In CRISPR knockout screening, sgRNAs guide Cas9 to cut targeted genes, creating mutations that... expression. The knockout cells can be used to identify genes that underlie a particular phenotype. ... libraries have been used for hundreds of genome-wide knockout screens in mouse and human cells, respectively...similar to those for knockout screens: sgRNAs to guide Cas9 to targeted genes. In these applications, however...

...Protein-based tags typically provide better labeling specificity than short peptide tags like tetracysteine...forgot it was already in the freezer… you get the idea. What if there were a way to just make one fusion...it takes is a bit of chemistry magic to produce a wide range of useful molecules linked to that substrate... the photophysical properties of chemical dyes provide many advantages over fluorescent proteins, opening...1998 (Griffin et al., 1998), this 15 amino acid peptide contains a cluster of four cysteines (CCXXCC, where...using engineered ligases to attach a ligand to a peptide tag on your protein of interest or using non-natural... protein is functional. In some cases, a small peptide tag like tetracysteine might be the only option...

..., with residence times on DNA of approximately 6 hours. To our surprise, we measured identical dissociation...With 36bp on the PAM-distal side of the break and 91bp on the PAM-proximal side, consistently supported ... Jacob Corn’s lab. CRISPR-Cas9 (Cas9) is an RNA-guided nuclease that targets and cuts genomic DNA. The...DNA post-cut. Using substrate DNA labeled on both sides of the break, we determined that Cas9 held tightly...introduces functional Cas9 protein and the targeting guide RNA into cells by electroporation. Results from ...PMC4383097. 3. Kim, Sojung, et al. "Highly efficient RNA-guided genome editing in human cells via delivery of purified...HDR Basics Learn How to Design Your gRNA Find the Ideal CRISPR Software for Your Needs Resources on Addgene.org...

...in industry. The news is good. In their ideal form, ELNs provide users with a holistic means to manage ...will always be a part of everyday work to capture ideas, write down certain notes or brainstorm, but we ... able to understand the situation in depth and provide the solution that fits the most labs, our team ...of budget and ease of use of the software. We identified that when talking about ELN costs and limited... to require on-going maintenance and support.” Besides that, academic institutions tend to think about...intellectual property across various software providers used to supplement their paper notebooks. Instead...witnessing and audit trails. How does the ELN provider protect and respect your IP rights and data ownership...

...we’ll go through some of the most important considerations to make when planning and performing an IF ...try the Introduction to Fluorescence Microscopy video from iBiology). IHC and ICC are essentially just...antibodies is a time consuming and expensive process. Consider the vast number of possible primary antibodies...experiment The process to perform IF can be broadly divided into the several steps outlined below and in Figure...steps include: counterstaining, mounting sample on slides, and confocal   Figure 2: High-level overview...indirect immunofluorescence procedure with key considerations about each step. Image created with BioRender.com...’ll start there. Some of the most important considerations are to make sure your secondary 1) will recognize...

...Cycle Quick Guide to All Things Lentivirus More resources on addgene.org Lentiviral Guide   Popular lentiviral...staple in molecular biology for over three decades. Widely used across various research applications, they..., for some applications, integration might be considered a double-edged sword with unintended consequences...detailed explanation, check out Addgene's Lentiviral Guide). To produce lentiviral vectors, the lentiviral ...AKA transduction in the viral vector world). Once inside the host cell, the viral payload is integrated ...especially concerning in clinical settings, as evidenced by retroviral gene therapy trials for X-linked...nucleic acid for only a limited time, IDLVs are ideal. As the episomes are lost during cell division, ...

...is generally error-free provided the DNA template used for repair is identical to the original DNA sequence...directed repair pathways HDR mechanisms can be divided into two main camps: non-conservative and conservative... many applications. Your favorite Cas enzyme, a guide RNA to your site of interest, and a donor DNA molecule...you need to generate a knock-in.   General considerations for designing a repair template to create mutations... modification should be very close to the DSB, ideally less than 10 bp away if possible. Check out our...ssDNA templates (referred to as ssODNs (oligodeoxynucleotides)) are commonly used for smaller modifications...cells than their plasmid counterparts. Another consideration for dsDNA templates is their ability to randomly...

...information, see the manual provided by the Weiderschain lab. Find Tet-pLKO-puro. lentiGuide-Puro - This plasmid...infect many different cell types so it is useful in a wide range of applications. This plasmid was the top ...sgRNA scaffold and cloning sites for inserting the guide sequence (pSpCas9(BB)). The 2A-GFP allows for screening...produces a ~10 fold higher titer virus, making it ideal for CRISPR pooled library screening experiments....Chimeric_BB-CBh-hSpCas9 - The S. pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) has been widely popular in genome engineering. For use in human...annealed oligos can be cloned to create a chimeric guide RNA. Find pX330-U6-Chimeric_BB-CBh-hSpCas9. pSpCas9...with cell lines already expressing Cas9. Find lentiGuide-Puro. pSpCas9n(BB)-2A-GFP (PX461) - Similar to...