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...These cells are then transfected with several different constructs for the reporter to work and to make... visual read out allows for easy screening of different gRNAs by simply changing the gRNA used when transfecting...labor-intensive, require multiple fluorescent proteins, and aren’t that efficient. To overcome these issues the Denham...concept the Denham lab compared editing at three different genomic sites in the AAVS1 locus using GEmCherry2...GEmCherry2. In this experiment they saw a clear difference in mCherry expression using FACs sorting, confirming...mutant of interest, give these methods a try.  References Højland Knudsen C, Ásgrímsdóttir ES, Rahimi...

...monitor dopamine in red.  However, current red and green GECIs aren’t ideal for two-photon imaging with...abhiaggarwal.bsky.social‬).   References and Resources References Aggarwal, A, et al. (2025). A sensitive...are used simultaneously to monitor or control different cell types or signals in the brain. For this to... to work, each indicator needs to emit a different color of light and be compatible with the lasers available...

... interest, and a polyA signal. Created with biorender.com. ITR structure  WT ITRs are symmetrical 145-...resolution site (trs) are noted. Created with biorender.com. ITR modifications and types  Since ITRs are...expression can be altered by using ITR sequences from different AAV serotypes that vary in their RBE and T-shaped...multiple AAV serotypes (Wilmott et al., 2019), and different combinations of ITR and capsid serotypes vary ...restriction digest methods.    Resources and references More resources on the Addgene blog Viral Vectors...Addgene.org Addgene's AVV guide AAV Viral Preps References  Chen, Y., Hu, S., Lee, W., Walsh, N., Iozza...

...help us in different ways and in diverse areas. It is helpful to have mentors from your current organization...that you are an expert networker (or if you just aren’t doing it at all yet) watch my webinar, “Not Networking...you identify specific skills you need for your current position Understand your interpersonal challenges...someone you trust. A good coach can make a big difference, if you can find one. Create your own peer mentoring...with progress. Tell them how their advice made a difference, helped you make a change for the good or resulted...

...targeting the donor and acceptor fluorophores to the different biomolecules you’d like to test for interaction...that the targeting specificity requirements are different for the donor and acceptor fluorophores. The donor...acceptors are delivered to the wrong address in a different city, you can still develop a successful FRET-...signal is unaffected  Due to these fundamental differences in targeting specificity for donor and acceptor...blogger James D. Fessenden! James D. Fessenden is currently an Assistant Professor in the Anesthesia Research...channels involved in skeletal muscle contraction.   References 1. Degorce, François, et al. "HTRF: a technology... theoretical aspects and recent applications." Current Chemical Genomics and Translational Medicine 3.1...

... disease, and much more! Resources and References References Wang, I. X., Grunseich, C., Fox, J., et ...replication process within the host. dsRNA viruses are inherently double stranded, while ssRNA viruses can generate... dsDNA viruses yield dsRNA through a slightly different mechanism thought to be associated with bidirectional...transcription, RNA is synthesized from a DNA template, inherently generating RNA:DNA intermediates in the process...blog CRISPR 101: RNA Editing with Cas13  RNA Interference in Plant Biology  ...

... for your specific scenario.    References and resources References Bates A, Power CA (2019) David vs...Constant domain. H = Heavy chain. Created with biorender.com     The modularity of antibodies means ...is relatively easy to physically divide up the different regions, both through genetic and proteolytic ...broken up, there are a few commonly available different fragments that retain antigen binding (Figure ...common antigen binding fragments. Created with biorender.com.   Why Fabs?  Antibody fragments have a ...

...override genetically encoded patterning. Based upon trends in studies over the past several years, it seems...negative) the action potential of a cell, the more differentiated and quiescent it is, and the more depolarized... toggled between open and closed states using different wavelength light pulses. Other resources from...bioelectricity, bioelectric researchers in many different fields came together to found the journal Bioelectricity...regeneration, medicine, and synthetic bioengineering. References Chernet, Brook T., et al. "Use of genetically...for regenerative and synthetic bioengineering." Current opinion in biotechnology 52 (2018): 134-144. PubMed...

... put your experiments Nsync.   References and resources   References Dolan, E., Wang, Hou, Zhonggang,...while also highlighting their similarities and differences to Cas9. DNA targeting Cas enzymes Cas9 – The...Originally classified as Cpf1, Cas12’s primary difference from Cas9 is that it generates staggered breaks...(RNA knockdown, RNA editing, etc.). The main differences between Cas7-11 and Cas13 are 1). non-specific... Cas While Cas9 may be the most adaptable Cas currently available, the other Cas proteins should not be...

...progression, enzymes and metabolism reprogramming aren’t the whole story. It’s essential for a tumor to ... integrins (cell-adhesion proteins) targeting different organs. This means that exosomes not only promote...microenvironment’s malignancy but also incite different organs to become malignant. Exosomes also contain...guest blogger, Bárbara Pinho! Bárbara Pinho is currently a science communicator at the Portuguese science...issues. Follow her on Twitter @BrbaraPinho6.      References Allinen, Minna, et al. "Molecular characterization...stromal caveolin-1 expression predicts early tumor recurrence and poor clinical outcome in human breast cancers...

...good base from which to dive deeper!References and resources References Bendall SC, Nolan GP, Roederer M,...love FPbase’s Spectra Viewer tool for comparing different fluorophores. We also touched on fluorophores ...chemical coupling can be achieved through several different mechanisms. Most take advantage of chemical groups...interactions with other peptides. Created with BioRender.com.     Many biologists can lead perfectly ...PK (2012) A deep profiler’s guide to cytometry. Trends Immunol 33:323–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it...

...ortho-AP1867) via various chemical linkers. Our current lead dTAG molecule is dTAG-13 due its immediate...selectivity, broad utility for degrading targets in different cellular compartments, and in vivo utility. dTAG...dTAG molecule toxicity in new cell lines Treat parental cells (or cells expressing a control -- for example...expression of these cereblon neo-substrates varies in different contexts (for example, IZKF1 and IZKF3 are cell-type...technology. Follow him on twitter @behnamnabet.   References Nabet et al. The dTAG system for immediate and... 14(5): 431-441. PubMed PMID: 29581585. This reference contains the full description of the dTAG system...

...for men. Not only does developing a drug in the current market cost billions—but when drugs fail, they ... relevant? Research shows that there are sex differences in the therapeutic capacity of stem cells. Yet...male stem cells. Nor did they detect important differences in function between male and female cells. The...in basic research.  In addition to the studies referenced above, another excellent resource for research...population. To learn a little more about where differences in effects on the sexes come from, one clue or...expert on gender in science and technology and currently directs the EU/US Gendered Innovations in Science...

... to what’s happening at different points within the wood. There are different types of cellulose fibers...number of DNA binding proteins with Cas9 guided by different promoters. The challenge in building genetic circuits...then you’d need the ability to turn on genes at different times. It requires more complex synthetic networks...circuits, they are extremely orthogonal. It’s a different perspective and you can layer them for more complicated...for multi-input CRISPR/Cas9 genetic circuits References: Nielsen AA, Voigt CA. Multi-input CRISPR/Cas...

... and some, such as varenicline, are already approved for clinical use. Varenicline has been further modified...updated by Jason Nasse in July 2023.  References and Resources References Chen X, Choo H, Huang X-P, Yang X...to consider that the same receptor can elicit different responses depending on what cell type it is expressed... signaling. The two main classes of receptors currently used in chemogenetics are DREADDs and PSAMs. ...

...portal. The plasmids should be functional in many different human cell types, and while most of the genes ...protein from the untagged allele. Created with BioRender.com. The first step in creating the plasmids...GFP tag sequence to be inserted. Created with BioRender.com. A key feature of our methodology is the...enable us to effectively utilize the host cell’s inherent homology directed repair (HDR) process following...break and introducing the tag. Created with BioRender.com. Plasmids, plasmids everywhere To find out...Allen Institute website at alleninstitute.org. References 1. Roberts, Brock, et al. "Systematic gene tagging...

...number, generally very small, and can contain different neurotransmitters. Using genetically encoded fluorescent... brain.  Figure 1:Schematic diagram of different FingR constructs and experimental results. Image... of the cell. By combining vectors expressing different fluorescent proteins targeting inhibitory or excitatory...The team validated this tool by targeting six different genes whose protein products have distinct localizations...Figure 2: Split-wrmScarlet labeling proteins with different subcellular locations. Image from Goudeau et al...consistently predicted the cell cycle speed across these different cell types. In one example, H2B-FT was expressed...

...for production of Gutless AdV can be found in reference 3. Production, amplification, and quality control...please see Addgene’s Adenoviral Guide webpage, and references 1, 2.*Pro-Tip*: once the correct recombinant ...specific for a viral DNA sequence. *Pro-Tip*: Ad5 reference material should be used as an internal control..., high-titer rAdV in your experiment. Enjoy! References 1. Luo, Jinyong, et al. "A protocol for rapid...practical guide for using the AdEasy System. 3. Jager, Lorenz, et al. "A rapid protocol for construction and ...  Karen Guerin...

...forms of these viruses typically used in research aren’t able to replicate, and for a virus to cross a synapse...Watabe-Uchida et al., 2012). They could also quantify the strength of the inputs by counting the monosynaptic inputs...more inputs than was previously thought. The differences in the inputs to each of the two populations ...populations could be used to explain the differences in the functions of these two neuronal populations. Overall...Overall, this study laid the foundation for how different anatomical regions of the brain receive inputs and...complex questions of how the brain operates. References 1. Callaway EM. Transneuronal Circuit Tracing...

...order to head to Ireland and take a chance as entrepreneurs. To make things more interesting, we are working...academic labs. Being unable to publish or attend conferences makes it very challenging to compete in today...pressure to publish and more freedom to attend conferences, but after receiving her degree she was faced...ideas about things we could do for work, and they weren’t restricted to science jobs. Keira’s an optimist...career, but it was enough to start us down the entrepreneurial path. We threw some of our own money at this...thinking about making the switch from academia to entrepreneurship, share your thoughts with us in the comments...