...aspects of the work you presented may also be unclear. 2. Make the audience your primary focus When writing...as an opportunity to practice communicating.  Excellent scientists learn from advisers and other mentors...help graduate students in all STEM fields become excellent science communicators. To empower graduate students...

...higher quenching of mScarlet emission. Figure 2: Ace-mScarlet is a fusion between the voltage-sensitive...This novel tool is practical in cell and organ culture, as well as cell lineage studies. Eisenhoffer and...CreLite for cell tracing using the transgenic zebrafish model, ubi:zebrabow. In this system, cells express...fast-splicing split intein and co-infected into the cell. Intein splitting removes any exogenous sequences...split into two plasmids and co-transfected into cells for reconstitution. Image from Levy et al., 2020...red-light inducible optogenetic tool for precision in cell lineage tracing Article contributed by Erin Sanders...fluorescent proteins controlled by Cre recombination. Each cell can have multiple copies of the transgene that recombine...

...about colony PCR in this blog post.   Figure 2: The steps of colony PCR.   Sanger sequencing Sanger...activity. These cells, presumably the cell you want, cannot break down X-gal and are white. Cells that don’t...killing off a portion of the cells like in a selection. Instead, all cells survive and you will need to... the plasmid you’re looking for out of the many cells that don’t. One way to begin the search is by using...using selection strategies, where only cells that have gained or lost a specific gene survive (ex: antibiotic... plates containing X-gal allows you to identify cells that took up the vector and distinguish between ...

...PMID: 20543841. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2920597. 2. Nathans, Daniel. "Puromycin inhibition of protein...proteins in cells. Homeostatic regulation of protein abundance is essential for normal cell function, and...one particular protein in neurons or in any other cell type. However, we cannot distinguish new from old...facilitate the visualization of specific proteins in cells. Tagged protein can easily be overexpressed from...techniques to follow translation in living single cells. However, before CRISPR-Cas9 these techniques were...interests, suspected to interact, are added to a cellular sample. Both antibodies have a short antibody ... turnover of specific endogenous proteins in any cell type. Exciting! Many thanks to our guest blogger...

...a. Plate target cells and incubate at 37°C, 5% CO 2 overnight. Day 2: b. Target cells should be approximately...plates and grow at 37°C, 5% CO 2 overnight. Day 2: b. The target cells should be approximately 80-90% ...materials D.2 Screening for inserts E. Producing Lentiviral Particles E.1 Recommended materials E.2 Protocol...Published articles H.2 Web resources I. Appendix I.1 Sequence of pLKO.1 TRC-Cloning Vector I.2 Recipes I.3 Warranty...VWR: #7177-48-2. Use at 100 μg/mL. Carbenicillin VWR: #80030-956. Use at 100 μg/mL. C.2 Annealing Oligos...oligo 5 μL Reverse oligo 5 μL 10x NEB buffer 2 35 μL ddH 2 O Incubate for 4 minutes at 95°C in a PCR machine...buffer 1 1 μL AgeI add ddH 2 O to bring to 50 μL final volume Incubate at 37°C for 2 hours. Purify with Qiaquick...

...available in the adenovirus section below!   Fig. 2 - Viral vector components of AAV Adenovirus Adenoviruses...genetic cargo, typically an expression construct, to cells/organisms. This is often cDNA, shRNA, or something...perform very similar functions to infiltrate the host cell and deposit viral cargo. Gene expression While AAV...what will be delivered and expressed in the host cell from the transfer plasmid. Viral packaging and entry...altered tropism of AAV to target different tissue or cell types. AAV also requires some back up from adenovirus...promoter that you wish to deliver to your target cells. In adenovirus, the ITRs serve as a type of origin...deficient. This is typically supplied by the production cell line (HEK-293) during production. Fun fact: There...

.... PubMed PMID: 6276558. 2. Site-specific DNA recombination in mammalian cells by the Cre recombinase of...transgenic animals, embryonic stem cells, and/or tissue-specific cell types: Cre-lox recombination. What...downstream of promoters that are active only in certain cell or tissue types, during certain stages of development... recombinase can be expressed only in specified cells or at specified times. Combining this with some ...has been used to successfully introduce Cre into cells of interest. What if I need two separate recombination...

...3570-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1420294112. Epub 2015 Mar 2. PubMed. Find the plasmids from this publication ...toolkit in human cells. Nissim L, Perli SD, Fridkin A, Perez-Pinera P, Lu TK. Mol Cell. 2014 May 22;54(...advantageous to instead use a preexisting, conserved cellular machinery to process gRNAs. Hijacking tRNA processing...tRNAs are among the most abundant molecules in a cell, this system is clearly also robust enough to ensure...54(4):698-710. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.04.022. Epub 2014 May 15. PubMed.  Find the plasmids from this...

...JS, Legube G, Miller KM Genes Dev. 2015 Jan 15;29(2):197-211. DNA Cross-Bridging Shapes a Single Nucleus... R, Schmalhorst PS, Jude JG, Zuber J, Gerlich DW Cell. 2017 Aug 24;170(5):956-972.e23 Screen identifies... R, Schmalhorst PS, Jude JG, Zuber J, Gerlich DW Cell. 2017 Aug 24;170(5):956-972.e23 Rapid and phosphoinositol-dependent... Rando OJ, Xue Y, Swiderek K, Kuo A, Crabtree GR Cell. 1998 Nov 25. 95(5):625-36. An architectural role..., Ensminger AW, Fox AH, Chess A, Lawrence JB Mol Cell. 2009 Mar 27;33(6):717-26. Reporter-nanobody fusions...

...backbone, which expresses the gRNA from a Drosophila U6:2 promoter and Cas9 from the actin 5C promoter. Addgene...backbones for lentivirus LV 1-5 and retrovirus RV 2-5 were constructed. The authors then used GMAP assembly...engineering (MAGE) (1). MAGE uses recombineering (2) to simultaneously incorporate multiple single-strand...number of tandemly expressed gRNAs respectively) and 2) the size of the deletion. Smaller deletions generally... HEK293FT cells expressing a single gRNA targeting a single gene. The gRNA expressing cells were then ...plasmid to generate a population of mutant cells. The mutant cells were treated with WNV at a dose and duration...regulate the ability of WNV to induce cell death in infected cells (SEL1L, UBE2J1, EMC3, EMC2, DERL2, UBE2G2...

..., but at a lower efficiency (~20%). Figure 2: Schematic of multicomponent assembly with SLIC. Multiple...bacteria, so it can be transformed as-is into cells. The cells then get to work fixing up the “damage” and...nicked plasmid together long enough to get it into cells and let them do the repair work. The key is T4 DNA...

...-priced commercial devices.     Fig. 2: Workflow for open software (left) vs. open hardware (right...quantitatively evaluating antibody staining, or counting cells are now routine, open-source software projects that...portable device for studying plankton using flow cells, has become an established alternative to high-priced... and blueprints has the potential not only to accelerate scientific progress, but also to enable science...

...endothelial cell-pericyte, neuron-astrocyte, and cancer-stromal cell pairs.   Figure 2: Schematic...Winslow’s lab to label cells after cell-cell interactions. Using G-baToN, “sender” cells express GFP on the... and “receiver” cells express an anti-GFP nanobody on the cell surface. When the cells interact, GFP is...the receiver cell, and the receiver cell turns green. This system can be used in many cell types including...engineering with single-pot assembly Tracking cell-cell interactions New auxin inducible degron system....brgcm3sw     New system developed to track cell-cell interactions By Jennifer Tsang GFP-based Touching...of the interaction between the sender cell and the receiver cell. Image from Tang et al., 2020.   ...

...covered in more detail in part 2 of this blog series) controls the cell types in which the conditional...modified zygotes or embryonic stem cells. Modified embryonic stem cells are injected into a blastocyst which...engineered cells. Similar to transgenic mice, knockout mice are engineered during the embryonic stem cell stage...not all cells in the blastocyst were successfully edited by the injection of embryonic stem cells. Also,... interest into a zygote, or into embryonic stem cells that are then injected into a blastocyst. There ...of interest into a zygote or into embryonic stem cells. Non-homologous recombination incorporates this ...targeting vector is electroporated into embryonic stem cells and this will insert the gene at a specific site...

...protocols 4.4 (2009): 495-505. PubMed PMID: 19300443. 2. Geraerts, Martine, et al. "Comparison of lentiviral...can actually infect cells. These assays typically involve infecting a target cell line with your virus...distinguish between a cell that has had one viral particle integrated into its genome and a cell that has had ...arrived; you’ve painstakingly cared for your packaging cell line, prepped your DNA, transfected and harvested...move ahead with your infection and make your stable cell line. While we’ve all experienced the pressure to...viral copies that have integrated into the target cell’s genome. Physical titer The two most common assays...functional titer uses FACS to count the number of target cells that are positive for vector encoded transgene expression...

...perceived climate change risks. Nature Climate Change, 2(10), 732-735. doi:10.1038/nclimate1547 Kunda, Z. (...spend the afternoon lovingly tending to the stem cells I was using in an experiment, then spend the evening...

... solution can be stored at 4 °C for up to 2 months. After 2 months, discard the tube and thaw a new working... transfected using 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:6 µg of pRosetta :µg of PEI. The 1:2 and 1:3 ratios provided high...Plate 1x10 6 cells in a 75 cm 2 flask in a volume of 15 mL. Wednesday: Plate 1x10 6 cells in a T75 flask... transfect cells with a fluorescent plasmid using a variety of ratios. Check the cells 1–2 days after ...optimized for viral production) Day 1: Transfect Cells Day 2 (am): 18 h post transfection - Remove media, ...tissue culture plates. Incubate the cells at 37 °C, 5% CO 2 for ~20 h. Gently aspirate media, add 10 mL...Biological Safety Cabinet 0.5–10 µL single channel pipette 2–20 µL single channel pipette 20–200 µL single channel...

...and open a new conversation about GMOs.  Challenge #2: Technical obstacles to plant synthetic biology In...challenging to engineer a specific function in these multicellular organisms. However, the rewards are great if...

... the transcriptional level.     Fig. 2 Tetracycline on/off promoters and modes of action ...force to control protein expression in mammalian cells: easy to use biological tools are abundant! In this...tag prior to introduction of the construct into cells. However, if you would like tunable control of an...

...processes that happen inside the cell,” says Pedre Pérez. Figure 2: Micrographs of the biosensor ...sensitive GFP2 (roGFP2)-based biosensors for live cells. His work focuses on the enzyme hydropersulfide-...biosensor expressed in the human cell line, Hep3B. From left to right: Mitotracker Red, GFP for the biosensor,...studies opioid use disorder. Her goal is to identify cell populations in the brain that contribute to the ...will explore the connectivity patterns of these cells and the functional contribution to a variety of ...administration and withdrawal to explore how these cells may encode the negative affect associated with drug...library of mutant sensors expressed in a mammalian cell line engineered to be electrically excitable. The...