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TypeBlog Post...pockets. They allow researchers to identify and isolate very specific biological targets. However, as popular...identical antibodies (See Fig 1.). rAbs are a relatively new technology that takes advantage of DNA sequencing... NOT align with the atlases/literature and is unrelated to the target protein, we categorize the antibody...strong signal. However, exposure time and its relationship to signal depend on what you’re comparing your...
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Savvy Advocates Needed to Navigate a Scientific Enterprise in Flux
TypeBlog Post...embark on or continue their careers in science-related fields. In particular, two recent events have the...note is a ruling in August by the National Labor Relations Board to allow graduate students who work as teaching...university and alterations to the student-university relationship, along with, of course, union dues. Time will...+ adjustments for regional cost of living and inflation) and benefits that were laid out by a 2014 National... -
5 Tips for Troubleshooting Viral Transductions
TypeBlog Post...typically used (e.g., use 5 mL medium on a 10 cm plate). By reducing the culture volume into which the ...transfection and should give rise to a surviving population of approximately 20–50% of the packaging cells...vector using the harvested viral solution as a PCR template. Regardless of the type of virus you’re working..., and allow you to standardize your experiments later. Stay tuned to the Addgene blog and be sure to check... -
Cpf1 Update: Comparison to Cas9 and NgAgo
TypeBlog Post...barely fits into AAV when you add in a gRNA and regulatory elements. To solve this problem, the Zhang lab...throughout the 23-base sequence. Double mismatches ablated Cpf1 activity, except when they were present in...future edits. In contrast, since Cpf1 cleaves relatively far away from the PAM, NHEJ might retain the ...mechanism. To prevent new editing post-HDR, repair templates should remove the PAM sequence. Many research ... -
Plasmids 101: FLEx Vectors
TypeBlog Post...genetic tool for researchers to conditionally manipulate gene expression in vivo using site-specific recombination...orientation, the SSR will excise the DNA fragment. By manipulating the number, orientation, and type of target ...morphology, and circuit mapping of a targeted neuronal population. Figure 2 (modified from Schnutgen...study the physiology or behavior of certain cell populations. Acknowledgement:Through a partnership with... -
Gaining Leadership Skills Volunteering at a Professional Organization
TypeBlog Post...where I gained invaluable experience working on and later chairing the Advocacy Committee. I’m now furthering...more. Having met many people at that conference, I later became involved with the NPA beyond the meeting....more productive and makes it easier to build relationships. Nonetheless, the committees would not function..., I had to learn how to develop new working relationships with these individuals who often had different... -
3D Printing Meets CRISPR Cas9
TypeBlog Post...communicate the nuances of protein structure in a flat 2-D images. In the early days of structural biology...full-color images of proteins. But they are still flat. To truly appreciate the 3D structure of these proteins... He then said “I hadn’t realized how perfectly flat the complex is on this surface”….where the complex...cleavage”. Jacob computationally added the non-template strand to the Jinek structure so that the resulting... -
Fluorescent Proteins 101: Visualizing Subcellular Structures & Organelles
TypeBlog Post...protein or its role in a disease, researchers often isolate proteins of interest and examine them using biochemical...protein, it's important to validate its function relative to the untagged, wild-type protein. You may, for...the protein of interest and then analyzing the relative colocalization of their fluorescent signals and...One should also be aware of additional problems related to the properties of FPs themselves. These can ... -
10 Basic tips for mammalian cell culture
TypeBlog Post...Thursday, or, at the latest on Friday. It’s best to split cells before the plates are more than 80-85%...Benjamin Franklin)! It’s good practice to label your plates and/or flasks with your name, date, the cell line...disorganization, apoptosis, and gene expression disregulation on HeLa cells." Journal of applied phycology27.6... -
CrispyCrunch: High-throughput Design and Analysis of CRISPR+HDR Experiments
TypeBlog Post...each gene, we needed to design guide RNAs, donor templates and sequencing primers for quality control. At... taken up to a month to design a single 96-well plate for HDR that satisfy all requirements. To alleviate...guides by CFD score, and it mutates HDR donor templates to avoid re-cutting when needed. It gives you ...the standard information that goes into a 96-well plate and comes out of it. Biotech companies are known... -
Viral Vectors 101: Voltage Indicators
TypeBlog Post...heartbeat – a muscle contraction – is directly related to the electrical impulse of the cardiac cells....propagated through multiple cells to do things like translate perceived signals to physical actions. Understanding...serotype specificity during delivery (more on this later). Chemigenetic sensors take a hybrid approach and...JF). The voltage-dependent changes in rhodopsin modulate the degree of quenching of the fluor via FRET.... -
The AAVantages of AAV in CRISPR Screens
TypeBlog Post... need to deliver the Cas protein altogether. Platforming AAV Interest in interrogating and mapping the...glioblastoma, and generate programmable screening platforms for mouse tissues. Your AAVancement could be next...highly scalable cell type-specificin vivoscreening platform. bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory). https..., Kalamakis, G., Lischetti, U., Jabaudon, D., & Platt, R. J. (2023). Transcriptional linkage analysis ... -
PRIDICT: Predicting Efficiencies of Prime Editing Guide RNAs
TypeBlog Post...2024). Chromatin context-dependent regulation and epigenetic manipulation of prime editing. Cell. https:/...primer binding site and a reverse transcription template (RTT). The design of the pegRNA has been shown...editing for precise and highly versatile genome manipulation. Nature Reviews Genetics, 24(3), Article 3. ... -
Starter guide to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) part 1: A renaissance in regenerative medicine
TypeBlog Post...of a 5-6 day old human blastocyst [6]. They are isolated mostly from abnormal and/or supernumerary preimplantation...Characteristic ESC ASC Self-renewal High Low once isolated from the human body Usage Universal. Can generate...concern High. Embryos are destroyed during ESC isolation. Low Chances of post-transplantation rejection...when used therapeutically High Low (if ASCs are isolated from the patient) For many years, ESCs or ASCs... -
Google Forums Round Up: First Impressions of NgAgo
TypeBlog Post...institutions recently reported their inability to recapitulate the results of Gao et al 2016 in a letter to...NgAgo DNA guide is inexpensive and can be 5’-phosphorylated in house using a simple PNK reaction or can... the instability of the supposedly alien 5’-phosphorylated ssDNA guides, which might be rapidly degraded... an ssDNA guide. It is possible that, during translation, only a small fraction of nascent NgAgo protein... -
PITChing MMEJ as an Alternative Route for Gene Editing
TypeBlog Post...double-stranded break. HDR copies the sequence from a repair template with flanking sequence homology for error-free...systems, and NHEJ will be favored even if a repair template is present. HDR also presents a cloning dilemma...CRISPR gene editing. In organisms where HDR is downregulated, MMEJ represents another method for making targeted...’s become clear that the power of this editing platform lies in the diversity of nucleases and their applications... -
Sharing Your Lab Protocols: Using Apps to Save Time & Track Your Experiments
TypeBlog Post... up after trying out the new protocols.io beta platform for sharing, annotating, and storing life science...molecular cloning protocols, including making LB agar plates, restriction digest of plasmid DNA, and bacterial...bacterial transformation. And more plasmid-related educational resources can be found in our Plasmids 101 blog...the repository. These protocols show up on the related plasmid pages and can help scientists use these... -
Tips for Using BLAST to Verify Plasmids
TypeBlog Post...blastn), Standard Protein BLAST (blastp), and Translated BLAST (blastx). NCBI has a terrific getting-started...gaps in the nucleotide sequence, you can run a Translated BLAST (blastx) search to check for expected ORFs..., due to the additional searches involved in translating the nucleotide sequence into all six possible...choose for your sequencing result and can easily translate it, we recommend using blastp over blastx. The... -
AAVs in Retinal Gene Therapy
TypeBlog Post...field to a grinding stop and only now, 2 decades later, is it finally back in the limelight. On December...and severe visual impairment that faithfully recapitulated the human condition. Luck brought all these ...X-linked retinitis pigmentosa, achromatopsia, and age-related macular degeneration are ongoing and some will ...capsid variants, designing expression cassettes to regulate and optimize transgene levels, and large scale... -
CRISPR 101: RNA Editing with Cas13
TypeBlog Post...would convert adenine to inosine, which the translational machinery treats like guanine. This RNA editor...would permit point mutations in RNA which could recapitulate or rescue known pathogenic alleles, or introduce...ADAR will preferentially edit an adenine if the template has a cytosine mismatch at that position. PspCas13b-ADAR2DD...RNA Editing Capabilities through RESCUE Two years later, the Zhang lab expanded the RNA editing toolkit ...