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...margins of my protocol. While these tips weren’t critical to the experiment, they definitely made my life...qPCR Protocol for more details. Pro Tips When calculating the titer for your AAV, remember to account for...control (NTC) should always be included. While the physical titer generated by qPCR is useful, I test a few...tool for gene expression in mammals Use the PEI calculator for planning AAV packaging transfections Find...

... 2017. At Addgene, we continually use the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) provided by NCBI. ...BLAST sequence databases from the dropdown menu. Typically, we use the default nucleotide database “Nucleotide...” program for blastn so that you can extract practically every single reliable base pair from your results... the “Align two or more sequences” option to drastically reduce waiting time for search results. Optimizing...

...-length viral genome (Figure 2). While it is technically possible to encode all four viral genes in the... (see Uses of Minigenome System). From a more technical standpoint, a plasmid with all four genes and ... gene by altering the amount transfected (see Technical Tips). Minigenome replication and transcription...compounds which often target the viral polymerase. Technical tips It is important that all of these plasmids...

...lab tool. In the classic two hybrid system (also called the interaction trap), genes encoding proteins ...experiments. False positives can occur even in small scale experiments, although these can often be accounted...that the configuration of your fusion proteins physically blocks the binding sites for the protein partner...Tachihara, K., Umezawa, Y.l. Split luciferase as an optical probe for detecting protein-protein interactions...

...that, they also help us keep track of the tubes’ physical location in the lab. These barcodes additionally...  freezers depending on the sample type. It is critical for us to know which plate, rack, and freezer ...performs an average of 140 transformations. The lab typically transforms newly deposited samples from Monday...Excel sheet.3. Be specific  - When assigning a physical location to your samples, include as much detail...

...been working on development of technologies for biochemical analysis of genome functions such as transcription...researchers to use enChIP in a wide variety of biological systems. We are currently developing several ...Therefore, my lab is dedicated to development of new biological technologies. The locus-specific ChIP technologies... effort to interact with each other, which is critically important, especially for young researchers. ...

...gives Snapgene great exposure to the community of biological scientists who use Addgene everyday. To get this...from other institutions personally on conference calls and make sure to maintain these relationships by...speakers for a meetup or recruit volunteers for your local animal shelter. There are many opportunities so ...Universities themselves can help you do this through practical tools like alumni networks. I find it useful to...

...studying parenting strategies and make important ecological indicators since species live in water and on... as the only Monarch butterfly food. They have chemical pathways generating interesting drug-like compounds...Lab (@EvoEmbryo) September 24, 2018   Xenopus tropicalis (Gary Gorbsky) This is not a new experimental...plants and are unusual enough to be interesting biologically. They have economic importance as harmful weeds...

... defective gene, Xm, the sequence of which is identical to the correct gene, Xw, except for a single base...precisely changes a single base with an efficiency typically ranging from 25-75%, while the success of precise... in the DNA by cutting only a single strand, dramatically reducing the likelihood of detrimental indel...known 'DNA adenosine deaminases' which would theoretically give rise to an adenine base editor. A massive...

... ligands (Figure 2). Biosensors, which include calcium and voltage sensors, are the broadest category ...catalog If you’ve been following our blog, you may recall our first 20th anniversary story on CRISPR, where... vectors available in the repository. GCaMP, a calcium indicator (biosensor, by Addgene’s categorization...Waxmonsky, N. C., Swanson, L. E., & Fan, M. (2016). Practical Considerations for Using Pooled Lentiviral CRISPR...

...possess cell walls. As a result, Mycoplasma are intrinsically resistant to this class of antibiotic. Acquired...When antibiotic resistance testing is requested clinically, this involves growing a standardized amount ...certain antibiotic were chosen for treatment. This is called a Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test or Kirby-Bauer...-trusted method that is frequently used in the clinical laboratory. What can we do to stop the emergence...

...passed down through generations (Figure 1). These so called “plasmid addiction systems” require dividing cells..., plasmid addiction systems have been used as biological tools for a wide range of applications in molecular...become a powerful tool to address a diverse set of biological inquiries. References Ogura, Teru, and Sota...vaccine strain CVD 103-HgR." FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 57.1 (2009): 69-79. PubMed PMID: 19678844...

...contamination. For those labs that prefer a more economical mode of detection, Uphoff et. al. outline a do...engineered with non-native envelopes, a process called pseudotyping. Lentiviruses pseudotyped with the...virus. To circumvent this problem, transductions typically employ the positively charged polycation, polybrene...lentiviral and retroviral vectors.” Human Gene Therapy Clinical Development 25.3 (2014). 175-85. Pubmed PMID: ...

...on DNA, or are enzymatically active. For this reason, recombinant proteins are typically expressed in E...medium. Induction timing is important, as you typically want to make sure your cells have first reached...your expression conditions by setting up a small-scale expression experiment to test variables such as ...

...regulators. But the speed is impressive on a larger scale, too. The first paper reporting genome editing by..., 2016). Advancing from this invention to KJ’s clinical application in under a decade is an astounding... safety of KJ’s experimental treatment, it was critical to reduce off-target editing as much as possible...P. (2025). Custom CRISPR-Cas9 PAM variants via scalable engineering and machine learning. Nature, 643(...

...control over where mutations are introduced, and scalability (see Supplementary Table 1 of Wrenbeck et al)...stretches of sequence could be used. However, a practical limitation is sequencing depth and cost. You need...Measuring the Activity of Protein Variants on a Large Scale Using Deep Mutational Scanning.” Nature Protocols...scanning: assessing protein function on a massive scale." Trends in Biotechnology 29.9 (2011): 435-42. PubMed...

...ICC or a tissue in the case of IHC. IF is used specifically when we visualize the antibodies using fluorescence...counterstaining, mounting sample on slides, and confocal   Figure 2: High-level overview of an ...controls to show that your antibodies are binding specifically. For positive controls, aim to use samples that...in an organism that is underrepresented in the biomedical research community. You may have to take some...

... regions of homology at their ends, which are typically created by PCR. Then, the fragments are incubated...competent cells. The success rate of this reaction is typically fairly high, so there is usually no need to screen...the bacterial chromosome (up to 100 kb) were specifically cut out via CRISPR and then assembled into a...amplify the fragments of the chromosome, which was technically challenging. Other homology based technologies...

...simple in C. elegans and bacteria. But CRISPRing typical mouse models, including creating Cre-dependent ...on both sides and the T7 promoter on one end. Typically, Easi-CRISPR works best with insertions of 2 kb...models varies from 8.5-100% of pups born, with typical efficiencies of 30-60%. Quadros et al. attribute...2.5x more animals than i-GONAD and is a more technically difficult process. Overall, the main drawback...

...facilitates the integration of the transposon specifically at ‘TTAA’ sites randomly dispersed in the genome...re-integration from the piggyBac™ donor, which is typically found with the wild-type piggyBac™ transposase..., including making transgenic cell lines and genetically-modified cell lines. Furthermore, the use of ...cell engineering team.     Mathew Goodwin is a Technical Sales Specialist at Transposagen. As a gene editing...