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...serotypes utilize a number of different receptors, co-receptors, and other mechanisms to gain entry into...other factors can also affect your AAV experiments. Luckily, the other posts in our Viral Vectors 101 series...on the Addgene blog Viral Vectors 101: An Introduction to AAV Viral Vectors 101: The AAV Retrograde Serotype...Using AAV vectors in complex biological systems can be tricky at best, and downright infuriating at worst...know what expression pattern you need, and the factors in your system that can affect expression, before...before starting the selection process. Factors to think about are (1) your experimental conditions and measurements...testing, and optimizing three key variables of an AAV vector: serotype, promoter, and titer.     Figure...

...-dependent vectors, this can cause challenges for the experimental design as these vectors can exhibit...your system. Chemogenetic vectors  Expression of retrograde serotype vectors is present at both the injection...expression, and has retrograde functionality to monitor and map neurons (Tervo et al., 2016). With AAVrg...neuronal tracing reagents, AAV particles require receptor-mediated entry into the cell. This means that ...serotype to conduct experiments with chemogenetic vectors, this property must be taken into account since...projection neurons retrogradely transduced by the vector. One method for minimizing the impact of this phenomenon...phenomenon is to use a retrograde recombinase-expressing vector (e.g. Cre or FLP) to transduce the projection pathway...

...Browse Our Viral Vector Pages Learn About Viral Vector Biosafety Deposit Your Viral Vectors ... Viruses are essentially DNA (or RNA) delivery vectors, so what makes them better than the alternatives...measures in a separate, upcoming post. If a viral vector seems like the right approach for your experiment...experiment?           Click Here to Find Viral Vector Resources at Addgene! References and Resources...S, Varmus H. Retroviruses. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA: 1997. PubMed... J, et al. “Altering the tropism of lentiviral vectors through pseudotyping.” Curr. Gene. Ther. 5 (2005...

...once using existing indicators. For example, you might want to use OCaMP to monitor Ca2+ signals, while...while using  iGluSnFR4 to monitor glutamate in green/yellow and RdLight to monitor dopamine in red.  However...past few decades, genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) have become a vital tool in neuroscience...toolbox, our team recently developed a new calcium indicator, OCaMP. The challenge: Expanding the fluorescent...multiple fluorescent tools are used simultaneously to monitor or control different cell types or signals in the... the brain. For this to work, each indicator needs to emit a different color of light and be compatible...FPbase.org. Scientists have developed calcium indicators spanning nearly the entire visible spectrum (...

...Cytosine Base Editor Converts C → T; the first type of base editor invented. ABE Adenine Base Editor Converts...Adenine Base Editors CRISPR 101: Cytosine Transversion Editors Read about four base editor reporters Resources...about the first base transversion editors: CGBEs, or C → G Base Editors. CGBEs first convert a cytosine ...site. But what if an editor could excise other bases? Could other transversion editors be close at hand? ... 2024). They called their initial editor AXBE, for A → X base editor (X = any nucleotide). To create a...transversion editors. Red arrows indicate a conversion directly catalyzed by the base editor. Black arrows...base editor allows guanine transversions And further development was on its way! All base editors up to...

...ve added many new tools to our inventory of ready-to-use viral vectors. Here are some of the AAV and lentiviral...Serotype Testing AAV inventory for the entire collection! Plasmid Serotype Name Depositor 27056 AAVrg pAAV-Ef1a-DIO...pAAV-EF1a-Flp-DOG-NW Connie Cepko Viral vectors coming soon! These vectors listed below should be released at... of our viral vectors blog posts Find tips for preparing AAVs Download our viral vectors 101 eBook Resources...mDlx enhancer element. Plasmid Serotype Name Depositor 75470 AAV1 pAAV-CAG-FLEXFRT-ChR2(H134R)-mCherry...promotes neuronal firing. Plasmid Serotype Name Depositor 44361 AAV1 pAAV-hSyn-DIO-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry Bryan...also available in AAV1. Plasmid Serotype Name Depositor 69570 AAV1 pAAV-EF1a-N-CretrcintG Connie Cepko...

...blog Viral Vectors 101: Viral Vector Elements Viral Vectors 101: Pseudotyping Viral Vectors 101: Systemic...and are required for replication, packaging, and vector persistence. They work in conjunction with the ...retained with the gene in a recombinant AAV (rAAV) vector (Figure 1). Everything else outside the ITRs gets...gets left behind.    Figure 1: Recombinant AAV vector with ITRs that flank the gene cassette, which contains... bp version is used in most plasmids. In an AAV vector plasmid, they flank the gene of interest. A single...of the most important elements of AAV and rAAV vectors, modifications can affect gene transfer efficiency...an ITR with a sequence containing transcription factor binding sites can increase transgene expression...

...When our Director of Biology, Lianna Swanson, suggested that I might be able to attend the 10 Years of...Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and cMyc (the so called OSKM factors). As the Yamanaka lab's primary Addgene contact... forward to seeing how the sharing of his OSKM factors have affected the stem cell community – a community...the first clinical trial with iPSCs with his collaborator Takahashi in 2014 – just 8 years after the OSKM...control process alone takes nearly a year. Addgene depositor Juan Carlos Izpsua Belmonte said it took the joint...effort of five post-docs to implant human kidney progenitors into a pig. In stark contrast to recent genome...the scientists I've already mentioned, Addgene depositors Marius Wernig, Kristin Baldwin, Kathrin Plath...

...CombiGEM lentiviral vector backbone pAWp12 (Figure 2). Cloning from the pAWp28 storage vector to the pAWp12 ...addition to the combinatorial expression of other genetic elements including transcription factors (Cheng et...indicated below and pool-clone them into the pAWp28 storage vector (Figure 1): Forward oligo: 5’- CACCGNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNGTTTGGGTCTTCGAGAAGACCTATTCXXXXXXXXC...barcode, respectively. Once cloned into the storage vector, the pooled, barcoded gRNA library is now ready... an easy-to-use tool to analyze the complex combinatorial genetic networks underlying your favorite biological...screening are vastly useful for mapping the combinatorial genetics that underlie complex regulation in...barcoded gRNA libraries that can be used to combinatorially modify the genome, screen for a particular ...

...Initial experiments exposed S. thermophilus to predatory phages to test if the exogenous DNA would be incorporated...system that utilized various cas genes not only to store a record of invading phages but to also destroy ...race" between phages and prokaryotes; the ultimate victor will be the species who has the strongest will ...

...Collections Gene Vector Core Viral Vectors Gene Vector Core Viral Vectors Lentiviral Transfer Vectors Adenoviral... transfer vectors and generating new viral vectors. Download the Lentivirus Transfer Vector Production...lentiviral and adenoviral vectors read our Lentiviral Vector Guide and Adenoviral Vector Guide Find more plasmids...Lentiviral Vectors deposited by Kazuhiro Oka from the Baylor College of Medicine Gene Vector Core Depositor...Adenoviral Transfer Vectors Resources Kazuhiro Oka and the Gene Vector Core (Link opens in a new window) of ...lentiviral and adenoviral transfer vectors with Addgene. Lentiviral Transfer Vectors Within this set of lentiviral...PGK promoter Adenoviral Transfer Vectors The adenoviral transfer vectors contained within this set are derived...

...Guides Viral Vectors Viral Vector Guides and Plasmids Selecting a Viral Vector Type Introduction to Viral...Viral Vectors Resources Viral vectors are popular tools for delivering genetic information to cells. These...and Plasmids Lentiviral Vector Guide | Lentiviral Plasmids Lentiviral vectors are versatile tools because...the host genome. AAV Vector Guide | AAV Plasmids Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors are commonly used ... Gamma-retroviral Vector Guide | Gamma-retroviral Plasmids Gamma-retroviral vectors, often referred to...Retroviral vectors are popular for making stable cell lines or clinical use. Adenoviral Vector Guide | Adenoviral...applications as vaccines. Selecting a Viral Vector Type Each viral vector type exhibits different properties and...

...we introduce you to the Journal of Emerging Investigators, an open-access journal that enables high school... the interview with the Journal of Emerging Investigators Podcast breakdown Intro Chapter 1 - Introduction...Olivia Ho-Shing, and the Journal of Emerging Investigators. Chapter 2 - Getting high school students and... building curricula and developing one-on-one mentorship programs. Chapter 6 and Outro - Interview with...

... growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1)3 αVβ5 and α5β1 integrins3 Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR)3 ...3 AAV receptor (AAVR)2 Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)3 AAV8 Laminin receptor (LR)3 ... Table 1: AAV capsids and receptors. Capsid Primary receptor Coreceptor AAV1 α2,3-/α2,6 N-linked...Viral Vectors 101: An Introduction to AAV Viral Vectors 101: AAV Variables that Matter Viral Vectors 101...serotypes have a primary cellular receptor and sometimes one or multiple coreceptors, which may be present on ...acids1 AAV receptor (AAVR)2   AAV2 Heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG)3 AAV receptor (AAVR; not ...3 Laminin receptor (LR)3 CD93 AAV5 2,3-N-linked sialic acid4 AAV receptor (AAVR)2 Platelet-derived...

...Addgene blog Viral Vector Elements The Retroviral Life Cycle Popular Retroviral Vectors and Their Use in...  Frequently asked questions about γ-retroviral vectors How do engineered γ-retroviruses differ from lentiviruses...Woodchuck hepatitis virus post‐transcriptional regulatory element; sequence that stimulates the expression...was originally published in 2018, in the Viral Vectors 101 eBook, 1st edition.  References and resources...

...been finding and sharing stories unique to our repository and resources. As editor of Addgene’s eBooks — ...amount of vectors available and number of requests tell only part of the story. Viral vectors are, after...GCaMP-encoding viral vectors available in the repository. GCaMP, a calcium indicator (biosensor, by Addgene...information from requestors and depositors, and identifying trends in our own repository data, giving us...released Viral Vectors 101 2nd edition — I was incredibly excited when we picked our viral vector service as... as one of those stories. Viral vectors are viruses engineered to be safely used to deliver a genetic ...titer. Addgene’s Viral Vector Service Besides being complex to use, viral vectors are also difficult both...

...proteins from the AAV2 serotype are used to package vector genomes flanked by AAV2 ITRs into a capsid other...Strohl WR (2017) Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) as a Vector for Gene Therapy. BioDrugs 31:317–334 . https:/...for Targeting and Improving the Efficacy of AAV Vectors. Molecular Therapy - Methods & Clinical Development...Adeno-Associated Virus Genome Interactions Important for Vector Production and Transduction. Human Gene Therapy...

...These are stormy times. It feels like we’re being buffeted by wind and waves and sometimes wonder if ...would be fully open and available to industry requestors as well. This is a time when we need as much ...materials via Addgene. Perhaps if each of many grantors supporting research could provide Addgene with...Initiative was able to step in to be our “port in the storm.”  "Addgene is a unique resource for scientists ...research is accelerating essential research in laboratories all around the world." We thank the Chan Zuckerberg...whatever lies ahead this year. We can see signs of the storm passing. We’ve recently piloted Addgene’s new cloning...cloning grade DNA service, and viral vector distribution is recovering from the pandemic-related slowdown...

...plasmid. Parts shown in grey are optional cis-regulatory elements.   Key elements of an AAV plasmid...outside of the ITRs does not get packaged in the AAV vector. The cloning capacity between the ITRs is ~4.4 ...plasmid harbors non-coding sequences. Other cis-regulatory elements Next let’s talk about some of the elements...Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus (WHP) Posttranscriptional Regulatory Element (WPRE) forms a tertiary structure when... the Addgene blog Learn more about basic viral vector elements Read about four considerations for the...

...welcome Julie Cicalese to the Addgene Board of Directors. Cicalese served as the Chief Human Resource Officer...School. The addition of Cicalese to the Board of Directors brings human resources experience and insight ...included the Belmont Human Rights Commission and mediator for the Massachusetts small claims court summary... Meet the other members of Addgene's Board of Directors Find careers at Addgene ...