...adenovirus using native viral promoters. Mol Ther, 7(4), 526–534. https:/doi.org/10.1016/S1525-0016(03)00023... human adenovirus infections. Am J Epidemiol, 117(4), 455–466. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals....release of adenovirus from infected cells. J Virol, 70(4), 2296. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.70.4.2296-2306.1996...this introduction gives a sense of what AdVs are about – and we hope that it inspires further use of existing...

...of cells labeled), intermediate (12%), and sparse (4%) levels. SPARC is a versatile system that can be ...Article contributed by Jennifer Tsang Figure 4: Double stranded DNA bound by tTALE-FP with the fluorescent... plasmids you need. If you'd ever like to write about a recent plasmid deposit please sign up here.  ...non-overlapping cells. Until now, tools for doing this were labor-intensive and required using manipulations such ...

... positions 4-7. ABEs 6.3, 7.8, and 7.9 display slightly wider editing windows of position 4-9, although...with a 14% indel rate, while ABE7.10 modified only 4/12 off-targets with a frequency of 1.2%. Although ...editing strategies are there? CBEs and ABEs can induce 4 out of 12 possible base-to-base changes. The other...cytidine deaminase fusions. Nature Biotechnology, 35(4), 371–376. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3803 Koblan...Homology-Directed Repair Learn about base editing for plants Read about four base editor reporters Additional... The BE3 system increased editing frequency to above 30% for a variety of targets in human cell lines... Liu lab created BE4max and AncBE4max mentioned above, they also made an adenine base editor with improved...

...Duan D, Yue Y, Engelhardt JF. Mol Ther. 2001 Oct;4(4):383-91. PubMed . Return to Top...therapy. Grimm D, Kay MA. Curr Gene Ther. 2003 Aug;3(4):281-304. PubMed . Vector genome integration: Adeno-associated...Deyle DR, Russell DW. Curr Opin Mol Ther. 2009 Aug;11(4):442-447. PubMed . AAV variants: Self-complementary...Learn about the types of plasmids used to produce AAV in the lab. Addgene’s AAV Guide will teach you ...you about AAV components, serotypes, pseudotyping, and more. Science...non-homologous sites in the genome, and do so at about a 0.1% frequency. Nonetheless, the majority of rAAV...enhanced brain uptake. AAV Variants As mentioned above, AAV improvements have included the production of...

...2015). The unexhausted potential of E. coli. ELife, 4. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.05826 Blum, M., & Ott...ecological context with Arabidopsis thaliana. ELife, 4. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.06100 Liu, L. S., Zhao...organisms. Dong wu xue yan jiu = Zoological research, 37(4), 237–245. https://doi.org/10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.4.237... more about model organisms in the first Five Popular Model Organisms blog post Read more about plasmids...characteristics that make them ideal for studying in a laboratory environment. We’ve covered five model organisms...have been specifically developed to thrive in laboratory settings. One of its most attractive features...minutes, they are perfect for molecular cloning and metabolic engineering.  The E. coli genome has an extensive...

...and potentiates the effect of PD-1 blockade.“ (Ref 4). PD-1 helps tumor cells evade the immune system -...356.6338 (2017): eaal3118. PubMed PMID: 28495700. 4. Zelenay, Santiago, et al. "Cyclooxygenase-dependent...Cancer, Inflammation and Immunity and learn more about “... recent findings in basic immunology, cancer-immune...curing cancer in cross-disciplinary projects and collaborations. Summarized by Professor Michael Karin from...This was followed by a talk from Professor Karin about alcohol and obesity as driving factors for chronic...got a chance to talk with Dr. Friedmann-Morvinski about tools used to analyse the tumor microenvironment...community, contact [email protected] to find out more about our free deposit and distribution service! References...

...in a small genomic window: at protospacer position 4-8 counting the ‘NGG’ PAM as 21-23 (Figure 3). If the... known to deaminate cytosine placed in 2-6 bp and 4-8 bp, respectively, of the protospacer. And if the...PMID: 29160308. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5726555. 4. Xie, Kabin, Bastian Minkenberg, and Yinong Yang. ...gene, Xw, except for a single base. If you heard about CRISPR, one question probably comes to mind: can...compatibility All of the base editors mentioned above are SpCas9 nickase-based and depend on the presence... HDR methods for rice crop improvement in the laboratory of Yinong Yang at PSU.   References 1. Komor,...The CRISPR-Cas Revolution, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (2018). Additional resources on the Addgene blog...

...Nano-lanterns, Takai et al. continuously imaged cells for about 4 hours! The latest enhanced Nano-lanterns (eNL) ...improve the brightness of previous Nano-lanterns by 2-4 fold and permit five-color fluorescent imaging! These...Since their first publication in 2012, the Nagai laboratory has assembled a collection of multicolored nano-lanterns... Nano-lanterns and your experiments The Nagai laboratory has a done a wonderful job characterizing Nano-lanterns...Additional Resources on the Addgene Blog Learn about Photoactivatable Fluorescent Proteins Check Out ...

...bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-galacto-pyranoside) into galactose and an insoluble blue pigment (4-chloro...antibiotic selection here at Plasmids 101, we can talk about an even more specific method of screening your cloning... plasmid is a great start when cloning, but how about being able to choose those that contain plasmid ... a widely used method to do just that! (To read about other screening strategies, check out our screening... called α-complementation. The system described above was put to practical use in the following way. Scientists...

...intermediate on the path to the formation of cysteinyl-tRNA (4). The discovery of a phosphoserine (Sep)-tRNA synthetase...pSer-incorporated proteins on a single plasmid. This includes 4 copies of a tRNA that specifically recognizes amber...letters 462.3 (1999): 302-306. PubMed PMID: 10622715. 4. Sauerwald, Anselm, et al. "RNA-dependent cysteine... one of the MEK1 phosphomimetic residues in the above study with phosphoserine (to create a pSer/phosphomimetic...non-phospho species on PhosTag gels as described above. Reagents and protocols Sep-OTSλ plasmid - Addgene...interested in the intersection of cell signaling, metabolism, and the mighty mitochondrion. You can follow...Blog Verify Your Constructs with Colony PCR Read about Tags for Protein Purification Resources on Addgene.org...

...have a lower false positive rate than real-time PCR (4). Restriction mapping and modern sequencing Restriction...Nonradioactive Probes (2007): 205-226. PubMed PMID: 17332643. 4. Haruyama, Naoto, Andrew Cho, and Ashok B. Kulkarni...Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics 13.1 (2015): 4-16. PubMed PMID:  25743089 . PubMed Central PMCID:...abundant in a sample. Whereas Southern blotting is labor intensive and requires a large amount of high-quality...DNA technologies that are now commonplace in laboratories. As scientific technologies rapidly progress...PMC4411503. Resources on the Addgene Blog Learn More about Restriction Cloning Get Tips on Analyzing DNA Sequencing...

... they do for yes-no readouts.      Figure 4: A histogram plot for a smeary antibody readout. The... four populations in the histogram plot in Figure 4 compared to the dot plot in Figure 2. Quantification...interest. Created with biorender.com. The plot above is for a smeary expression and is quite different.... Additionally, you can gate off the histograms above, allowing you to visualize your data as a dot plot...

...UAS system, and you can read more about them in review articles (2–4). You can also take a look at my ...Genet. 20, 384–391 (2004). PubMed PMID: 15262411. 4. T. D. Southall, D. A. Elliott, A. H. Brand, The GAL4...

...additional anchoring domains – GPI and SGZ. Fig: 4 Sequence schematics for PDGFR, GPI, and SGZ display...constructs. Image adapted from Aggarwal et al… Figure 4. PDGFR is a C-terminal fusion to the PDGFR transmembrane...Additional Resources on the Addgene Blog Learn about other Fluorescent Biosensors A Practical Approach...

...VI-B, and VI-D being the most common. Figure 4: Overview of the general CRISPR type VI mechanism....Elements of Acidithiobacillia. The CRISPR Journal, 4(5), 656–672. https://doi.org/10.1089/crispr.2021.0051...competition between plasmids. Nucleic Acids Research, 48(4), 2000–2012. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz1197 Samai... type I CRISPR system. Gene and Genome Editing, 3–4, 100013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ggedit.2022.100013...Class 1 is the most abundant of the two, comprising about 90% of identified CRISPR-Cas in bacteria and nearly...CRISPR systems called CasPEDIA, with information about enzyme activity, experimental conditions, and more...

...which is transcribed from DNA. DNA is comprised of 4 nucleotides or bases, adenine, thymine, cytosine, ... into a double stranded helix. The order of these 4 nucleotides makes up the genetic code and provides...sequencing for plasmid verification DNA is made up of 4 bases, adenine, thymine , cytosine, and guanine. The...of interest. In vitro DNA replication requires the 4 nucleotides, a DNA polymerase enzyme, the template...addition to the normal A, T, C, or G nucleotide. The 4 standard bases are tagged with a different fluorophore...by DNA and RNA into proteins. DNA is comprised of 4 nucleotides Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C)...efficient and the machine cannot distinguish between the 4 labelled nucleotides. Epitope tags on the other hand...

... regulating telomere length with TZAP Hot Plasmid 4: CRISPR tools for use in plants.  Listen to the segment...of our Hot Plasmids podcast series, you'll learn about new libraries for studying B. subtilis biology, ...

...Segmennt of Improved CRISPR Base Editors Hot Plasmid 4: pPSU Plasmids for generating DNA molecular weight...of our Hot Plasmids podcast series, you'll learn about optogenetics tools for controlling protein activity...

...protein. Listen to Our Segment on mCyRFP1 Hot Plasmid 4: mScarlet - a new, bright, and monmeric red fluorescent...of our Hot Plasmids podcast series, you'll learn about new red fluorescent proteins, AAV tools for targeting...

... for Twitter pros as well, like tip #4: “Follow people for about a week and then unfollow those who do...employers and to arrange informational interviews. 4. “Tips for Scientists Using Social Media" tip sheet... advantage. It wasn’t until I wrote a blog post about a research paper that explored how scientists connect...saw a request for an Addgene guest blogger post about colony PCR, I signed up immediately. I had used ...science communication skills, while also learning about new scientific developments and helping scientists... found this paper. I wrote an Addgene blog post about it and shared the paper with my lab since one of...project. I was invited to participate on a panel about “Social Media for Science Communication” at the ...