...antibiotic concentrations. Antibiotic Concentrations Antibiotic Recommended Stock Concentration Recommended... low a concentration for selection. Negative Result 2: Neither Strains Grows If neither strain grows, ...tested strain is not supposed to be resistant to the antibiotic, (+) indicates that the tested strain is ...use. Negative Result 1: Both Strains Grow Assuming the appropriate strains were streaked on the appropriate...Your antibiotic is at too high a concentration. One or both of your strains are no longer viable. You can... both strains on plates without any antibiotic. Negative Result 3: Only the Non-resistant Strain Grows...non-resistant strain grows, it’s likely that you’ve used the wrong antibiotic, or confused your strains....

...medium at a reduced antibiotic concentration (e.g., half the concentration that was used for the initial...passing through a 40 µm cell strainer mesh. Count the cell concentration in this homogenized cell solution... volume of homogenized cell solution is transferred. Transfer cells from the homogenized cell solution...990 µL complete medium. Instead of transferring 0.125 µL, now transfer 100 times that volume, which is 12.5... solution, transfer 12.5 µL of the 1:100 dilution to 10 mL of conditioned medium. Transfer 100 µL of the...generated from A549 cells transduced with lentiCas9-Blast 1 . A549 cells were transduced (MOI = 37) and selected...line from a polyclonal pool of stable cells. Transducing cells with lentivirus results in a heterogenous...

...lentiviral vector transfected into 293T cells using a polyethylenimine (PEI) transfection protocol. This ...packaging cells Day 1 (pm): Transfect packaging cells Day 2 (am): 18 h post-transfection. Remove media, replace...filter Transfection grade DNAs: Lentiviral Packaging plasmid(s), Envelope plasmid, and Transfer plasmid...0.72 pmol Transfer Plasmid* 1.64 pmol OptiPro SFM to total volume 500 μL *Plasmid concentrations and ratios... optimized for each transfer plasmid. Pro-Tip Endotoxins can inhibit transfection; therefore, plasmid ...the conical so that the final concentration in the dish (once transfection mixes are added) will be 25 ...modified for alternative packaging cell lines or transfection reagents. Once produced, lentivirus can be used...

...45000-446 TMB (3,3',5,5'-tetramethyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine) substrate kit, Pierce 34021 Tween-20...try a few different concentrations of antigen to determine the ideal concentration. Prepare serial dilutions...desired concentrations in the antibody dilution buffer. Pro-Tip The ideal antibody concentration will vary...antibody concentration may have been too low. In this case, use higher antibody concentrations. If the ...antibody concentration may have been too high. In this case, use lower antibody concentrations. The ideal...indirect ELISA against a purified antigen to demonstrate the expected antibody dose response. Protocols... how to create a standard curve using known concentrations of the antigen and how to probe with an antibody...

...carbenicillin to a concentration of 1 mg/mL – 4 mg/mL in LB medium. The concentration of antibiotic required...incubation, transform DH5α E. coli cells by heatshock with the plasmid of interest. See our transformation page...for a detailed heatshock transformation protocol. Plate 50 µL of transformed E. coli /rescue media suspension...optimizing the concentration of carbenicillin, plated over-agar for selection of transformed E. coli . Sample...also like... Making LB Agar Plates Bacterial Transformation Recovering Plasmid DNA from Bacterial Culture...plating antibiotic over-agar for the selection of transformed E. coli . Over-agar spreading of antibiotic makes...investigator to conveniently plate and select transformed cells containing plasmids differing in their ...

...cells in CS2 Day 2: Seed cells in CS5 Day 3 (am): Transfect cells Day 7 (am): Harvest cells Equipment Class...brands and lots of FBS can promote or inhibit transfection. Test a variety of brands and lots of FBS to...larger volumes 1000 mL 0.45 µm Rapid-Flow PES Filtration Unit, Nalgene 167-0045) Pro-Tip Do not use filters...Polyethylenimine (PEI) 25 kDa MW Pro-Tip Other transfection reagents may be used in this protocol, but their...their conditions must be optimized. Plasmids for transfection: pHelper; pRC (Rep-Cap), plasmid expressing ... Pass and plate the cells the day before the transfection. Thaw a new vial of cells after 30 passages.... add 2 mL of 0.05% Trypsin/EDTA. Wait ~2 min. Neutralize trypsin by adding 10 mL of DMEM Complete. Pipet...

...time as the virus-mediated transduction. For some cell lines, transduction is optimized if the cells are...When the untransduced (negative control) cells have died and colonies are visible in the transduced wells...experiments. Workflow Timeline Day 0: Seed and transduce cells Day 2: Replace media with fresh media containing...brands and lots of FBS can promote or inhibit transfection. Test a variety of brands and lots of FBS to...to the media, as it can affect viability and transduction efficiency. Titer will vary between cell lines... are seeded the day before transduction. Note that in that case, polybrene should only be added at the...the time of viral transduction, and not during the cell seeding step. Procedure Before beginning a colony...

...phenol-chloroform extract, and precipitate DNA DNA Quantification Measure DNA concentration with a spectrophotometer...using DNA ligase Bacterial Transformation Introduce DNA into a bacterial strain Watch the Video! CRISPR ...features using sequence analysis RNA Extraction Without a Kit Extract RNA from tissues or cells without ...Creating Bacterial Glycerol Stocks Store bacterial strains or plasmids for long term use Watch the Video! ...Virus Name Description Link to Video General Transfection Introduce plasmid DNA to mammalian cells Lentivirus...Produce lentivirus with a polyethyenimine (PEI) transfection protocol Fluorescence Titering Assay for Lentivirus...choice AAV Purification by Iodixanol Gradient Ultracentrifugation Purify adeno-associated virus from a preparation...

...step heats the double stranded DNA template strand to the point where the strands start denaturing and ...range to anneal to each of the single stranded DNA template strands. The DNA polymerase is also stable enough...of the sense and anti-sense strands of the template DNA. They are strands of nucleic acid that are starting...molar ratio. It also requires two unique single stranded DNA oligonucleotide (oligo) primers, which anneal...seconds at 94°C: Continued denaturation of double stranded DNA. Anneal primers for 30 seconds at 55°C: The...polymerase to synthesize and elongate the new target DNA strand accurately and rapidly. Repeat steps 2-4 25-30 ...fill-in any protruding ends of the newly synthesized strands. Materials List Reagents for each 50µL PCR: Thin-walled...

... Day 1: Transform, recover, set up overnight growth (Estimated time 2-3 hours) Transformation should be...of 5 mL (3 mL SOC + 2 mL transformed Endura from two separate transformations). Pro-Tip Do not pipette...assumes familiarity with standard bacterial transformation and basic knowledge of the library being amplified...amplified. Please see our protocol on Bacterial Transformation . The generalized pooled library amplification...60242-1) Alternatives include Stbl4 cells or other ultra-high efficiency electrocompetent cells that are ...using a new vented falcon tube for every two transformations. Each of the four 14 mL Vented Falcon Tubes...repeatedly or mix when removing SOC containing transformed DNA-Endura from cuvette. Shake four 14 mL Vented...

...the trace file, you will see that these base calls are unreliable. This is an example of a trace file...with the sequence, trace file, and primer used. What program can I use to view my trace file? There are ...You should receive your sequencing results as a trace file (.ab1) which graphically depicts the sequence...four nucleotide bases. This is an example of a trace file from a high-quality portion of a sequencing...and include: The sequencing result The original trace file (.ab1 file) provided by your sequencing company...sequencing result, what should I do? Check your trace file first; the apparent mismatch/mutation may be... be the result of a mis-called peak in the trace file. If the mutation is not an artifact, please email...

...the DNA concentration and purity will vary. For more information on determining DNA concentration and purity... that digests single-stranded RNA. Optional: Perform phenol-chloroform extraction - see protocol below...Bacterial Culture You may also like... Bacterial Transformation Agarose Gel Electrophoresis Agarose Gel DNA...biology techniques require highly purified and concentrated plasmid DNA. This page will discuss the general...micrograms to as much as several miligrams and at concentrations ranging from 150 ng/μL to several μg/μL. The...optional) Reagents Overnight culture of bacteria transformed with your plasmid Resuspension buffer Denaturing...elute the DNA off of the column using water or a neutral buffer such as TE. You will now have plasmid DNA...

...Dilute or concentrate purified recombinant antibody to a concentration of 0.9–1.1 mg/mL. Transfer 5 µL of...Lab protocol to determine purity and concentration of recombinant antibodies using ready-to-use biosafe...Collection Antibody Blog Posts Antibody Guide Transfection for Recombinant Antibodies Recombinant Antibody...protocol describes how to determine the purity and concentration of recombinant antibodies using ready-to-use...serial dilutions of a standard antibody of known concentration. After staining with Coomassie blue, protein... Inclusion of this information is solely for transparency intended to support reproducibility in science... video to learn how to determine purity and concentration of recombinant antibodies using Coomassie stain...

... tips Bacterial Transformations We walk you through a standard plasmid transformation protocol and offer...tricks to reduce transformation time and increase efficiency Bacterial Transformation Protocol Inoculating...cells AAV Purification by Iodixanol Gradient Ultracentrifugation Protocol Mulitchannel Pipetting Technique...biology or cell biology. Learn some of the key strategies of aseptic technique, including personal protective... and maintaining sterility while working. AAV Titration by qPCR Use qPCR to measure the physical titer... your adeno-associated virus preparation. AAV Titration by qPCR Using SYBR Green Technology Protocol Agarose...when requesting samples from Addgene Technology Transfer How to Order A step-by-step walkthrough of Addgene's...

...cells transduced F = Fraction of cells with fluorescence D = Dilution Factor V T = Transduction Volume... were transduced with a range of dilutions of pHAGE-TO-dCas9-3XmCherry . 72 h post transduction, cells...Workflow Timeline Day 0: Seed 293T cells Day 1: Transduce cells Day 2 (am): Remove media, replace with fresh...brands and lots of FBS can promote or inhibit transfection. Test a variety of brands and lots of FBS to...to the media, as it can affect viability and transduction efficiency. Titer will vary between cell lines...1468.5 1.5 1:75 20 1478.5 1.5 1:100 15 1483.5 1.5 Untransduced 0 1498.5 1.5 Mix the dilutions well Gently aspirate... one dilution with one well remaining as the untransduced control). Count the cells in the remaining well...

... the absorbance/transmission of light through a liquid to determine the concentration of a particular ...the concentration of a substance in that liquid. In order to accurately measure the concentration of a...significantly in concentration. DNA dissolved in water is going to have a greater variance in concentration readings...Calculate your DNA sample concentration and purity using Addgene’s DNA Quantification Protocol. Protocols... to get a quick and accurate reading of DNA concentration and purity. This can be done with a spectrophotometer...spectrophotometer that can accurately read DNA concentration and purity in as little as 1μl. Regardless of...lid and click measure, be sure to record the concentration and purity. Note: Purity is measured under the...

...time-consuming ligation step of traditional cloning methods. In traditional cloning, base-pairing in the ...reactions by holding the vector concentration fixed across multiple concentrations of insert, thereby increasing...now ready for transformation. Use 1-2 μl of annealing reaction for each transformation, following a standard...stability to hold the plasmid together through the transformation/replication process. LIC employs long overhangs...association between fragments, allowing for transformation without ligation. Because of its dual polymerase...same principle (homologous to the first G on 3'-5' strand from cut site). For simplicity, only the 5' primer...instead of TE buffer) to ensure optimal salt concentrations in subsequent reactions. Step 3: Create Vector...

...to perform gel electrophoresis. Equipment Casting tray Well combs Voltage source Gel box UV light source...recipe here ) Agarose Ethidum bromide (stock concentration of 10 mg/mL) Procedure Pouring a Standard 1%.... Pro-Tip Agarose gels are commonly used in concentrations of 0.7% to 2% depending on the size of bands... given volume to make gels of other agarose concentrations (e.g., 2 g of agarose in 100 mL of TAE will...Optional : Add ethidium bromide (EtBr) to a final concentration of approximately 0.2-0.5 μg/mL (usually about...DNA and allows you to visualize the DNA under ultraviolet (UV) light. Caution EtBr is a known mutagen. ...you can image the gel. Pour the agarose into a gel tray with the well comb in place. Pro-Tip Pour slowly...

...plasmid backbone. Transformation Transform your ligation reaction into your bacterial strain of choice. Follow...from your transformation will give you the first indication as to whether your transformation worked. our...Digest of Plasmid DNA DNA Ligation Bacterial Transformation Summary The following technique can be used...purification method, it is important to determine the concentration of recovered DNA . Ligate your insert into your...is difficult to calculate this based on DNA concentration alone. One method is to conduct 2 ligations...competent cells. For most standard cloning, you can transform 1-2μl of your ligation reaction into competent...conduct a positive control to ensure that your transformation worked. You should also verify that you are...

...recipient plasmid backbone. Transformation Proceed with the transformation according to the manufacturer...from your transformation will give you the first indication as to whether your transformation worked. Your...Digest of Plasmid DNA DNA Ligation Bacterial Transformation Summary PCR based cloning is incredibly versatile... molecular cloning consist of: Leader Sequence: Extra base pairs on the 5' end of the primer assist with...from the gel, it is important to determine the concentration of recovered DNA . Ligate Your Insert Into Your...is difficult to calculate this based on DNA concentration alone. One method is to conduct 2 ligations ...competent cells. For most standard cloning, you can transform 1-2μl of your ligation reaction into competent...