...variety of pore sizes. If your protein of interest is small, you may want to consider a smaller pore size (...primary antibody required. Reporters There are two main classes of reporters: chemiluminescence enzymes...protocol and protocol video!  Antibodies The most important part of your western is your antibodies, particularly...you need a specific conjugate, and changing your reporter molecule requires either re-conjugating or re-...-purchasing your primary antibody with the new reporter. Finally, each new conjugate will have to be tested... weight proteins Long running time   It’s important to note that Bis and Tris gels run proteins in...high protein retention. It comes in a variety of pore sizes and protein capacity, allowing you to optimize...

... world. To support this pace of research, new, centralized databases and centers to support the sharing...like here at Addgene!), and new databases are supporting their access to useful resources during this ...information about reagents, funding and volunteer opportunities, protocols, publications, and more to accelerate...the COVID-19 Resources Canada site. To date, the portal has recruited 3,218 Canadian volunteers, and features...COVID-19 related research projects, funding opportunities, and community response initiatives. Accelerate...research Universities have also been stepping up to support COVID-19 research. The new Center for COVID-19 ...Preparedness (CCRP2) at Rutgers University not only supports collaborations at Rutgers, but also lists data...

...fluorescent reporter, directly couple silencing of your gene target to silencing of the reporter. This is...application of long or short dsRNA. However, it is important to note that naked and unmodified dsRNA elicits... Together, this excellent work highlights the importance of using orthogonal methods to confidently conclude...fusing your gene target sequence to a fluorescent reporter sequence (discussed below). Examples of these ...genome, whereas shRNAs are exogenously derived. Importantly, instead of the assortment of siRNAs generated...contains a target sequence against the fluorescent reporter in an inverted repeat orientation. Therefore, ...sequence against your gene(s) of interest and the reporter. This approach greatly enhances experimental throughput...

...governments. Most communities have opportunities to join commissions or boards, support ballot initiatives, deliver...are ways you can hone important skills for the profession. One of the most important skill sets for a science...success in a science policy career with many opportunities to pivot and grow along the way. That’s what...fellowships, volunteer positions, and part-time opportunities. But even through all my roles and my current... of the who, what, where, when, why and most importantly, how, of a science policy career.  Who does science...science policy? I would argue that this is the most important question that you can explore. The answer will...advice for you and your next steps. This advice is important, but must be taken through your own personal lens...

...fundamentally the reporter construct monitors the expression of a nearby gene. The reporter gene serves as... screens to introduce reporters throughout an organism’s genome. These reporters have historically been...stimulate the expression of the reporter. The system is made up of a reporter gene flanked by a minimal promoter...promoter – all rely on the random integration of a reporter construct in close proximity to an endogenous ...example, if green fluorescent protein (GFP) was the reporter gene and green cells were observed in the kidneys... for with an uncharacterized gene. The actual reporter construct can be something phenotypic (such as...promoter. The system is composed of a promoter-less reporter which needs to integrate within an exon of a gene...

...External collaborations are becoming increasingly important as more complex approaches to scientific questions...collaborations and partnerships are also very important in a non-research context, especially when considering...expand from there. Start small: Collaboration opportunities within an organization but outside your comfort...graduate or postdoctoral work there are loads of opportunities to create communities, platforms, and to be ...Relationships” below). Expand: Collaboration opportunities outside an organization The next step is to ...out as a student, people tend to respond in a supportive way and are willing to help because you are not...work. Get sponsors for a training weekend for a sports club, find speakers for a meetup or recruit volunteers...

... transformation. Choose good reporter genes There are many great reporter genes available and which one...half-lives then GUS and are therefore good temporal reporters to measure promoter activity, for example...the T-DNA region with our gene of interest or a reporter gene so that the transformation and gene expression...different treatments on transformation success. Some reporter gene examples are below. The GUS gene (β-glucuronidase...histochemical GUS-staining is a very useful visual reporter (Figure 2). The GUS enzyme cleaves a substrate...transformation success. Luciferases are great quantitative reporters and use a substrate to produce bioluminescence...Agrobacterium. This is especially problematic with reporter genes as you might observe expression from Agrobacterium...

...as to where readers may locate data supporting the research reported in PLOS publications. The policy was...published data. The importance of data sharing The reason this topic is important to my lab is three-fold...available for anonymous request.  This means that supporting datasets must be logically annotated and arranged...work this may entail.  So if access to data is important, what data should be included? We should recognize...is calculated and placed in the legend. Widely reported difficulties in reproducing experimental data ... in scope. For images, the number of examples supporting the published material is a factor of practicality...over time such that prior formats are no longer supported/readable. Is the author or their host institution...

...believe that communication is the single most important skill that scientists need to succeed in their... always recognized and valued for its immense importance, it may well be what determines whether you get...wasted if you cannot convince others that it is important and relevant to them.   When you think about it.... Treat every interaction in your work as an opportunity to practice communicating.  Excellent scientists...you will also have to explain why the work is important and how it should change how the members of your...education and policy and to draw attention and support to work in their field. It can be hugely beneficial...ComSciCon, our primary mission is to strengthen and support the network of graduate students who are passionate...

...a UAS-driven luciferase reporter construct. In the absence of GFP, no reporter output was observed in ... in vivo system, Tang et al. electroporated T-DDOGs, GFP, and a reporter construct into the mouse retina...activated the reporter gene TdTomato, whose expression was absent without electroporated GFP. They then...specific. When tested in retinal electroporation studies, DsRed reporter expression was induced in ~76% ...and Cre-DOG, respectively, repurpose popular GFP reporter lines for more sophisticated experimental manipulations...then tested T-DDOGs with two mouse GFP reporter lines; again, TdTomato was seen only in cells with GFP,...

...future career opportunities. Becoming involved is not too difficult and you can find opportunities around you...within their workplace, and pursue leadership opportunities at the local, institutional, regional, and national...As the Chair of the Advocacy Committee, I had to report to the Board of Directors and liaise with the Executive...accordingly. For example, the quarterly and annual reports I had to write on behalf of the Advocacy Committee...to overcome the personal frustration and submit reports in the format requested which in the long run was...invited to spend a weekend together, funded by supporters such as the Burroughs Wellcome Trust. These “...experienced and learnt. Opening doors to further opportunities  Having gained leadership skills and advocacy...

...as a striking example of the applicability and importance of research in basic biology, medicine, epidemiology...of what you’re getting yourself into is really important.  As you’re talking to people, though, try to ...your time is valuable! Don’t jump on the first opportunity that comes your way. Think critically about whether... found that in the right environment and with supportive mentors, being open and vulnerable about my struggles...fundamental understanding of what you’re working on is important! Better than leaving yourself in the dark, but...have often provided me with much-needed emotional support during my journey. When you are hunting for labs...join, one of the vital things to look for is a supportive environment—it makes all the difference in a ...

... outcomes and the opportunity to make new discoveries. Provost notes the importance of acknowledging student...history. Interestingly, he also adds to the disproportionately large number of honorees to have trained ... and he wanted to provide the same kinds of opportunities for his students. But he also found that his...Bringing his research into the classroom. I had the opportunity to talk with Provost recently about his development...Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE). Having incorporated a discovery-based lab on planarian regeneration...interaction with other proteins.   It is important to note that research activities in a CURE must...with colleagues at other institutions to form a support network called the MDH CUREs Community (MCC) that...

...are removed and replaced by a single (non-viral) reporter gene (e.g. firefly luciferase or eGFP) flanked...necessary to direct minigenome replication and reporter gene transcription by the EBOV polymerase (reviewed...viral proteins are provided in trans (see Other Important Components of EBOV Minigenome System). However...negative sense RNA viruses (reviewed in 2, 3). Other important components of the Zaire ebola virus minigenome...the minigenome as a template to transcribe the reporter gene (e.g. firefly luciferase). The polymerase...start signal and initiates transcription of the reporter gene. The polymerase will elongate the mRNA until...target the viral polymerase. Technical tips It is important that all of these plasmids (those containing NP...

...however, offer you an opportunity to make a personal connection; the importance of which will be elaborated...what comes next. To that end, one of the most important things that you can do now is diversify. Read ... position! Conferences One of the single most important things you can do to plan for your career is to... Speaking of jobs, it seems like an obviously important experience, but far too many students and young...several per month, giving you a plethora of opportunities to explore! Again, attending one of these fairs...can search for jobs, post your CV, and, most importantly, manage your professional network. This is probably...box (most likely your lab, in this case). It is important to realize that you have to take responsibility...

...combination with that reporter, you can infer its presence through detecting the reporter's fluorescence. Another...labeling proteins is to fuse them with a fluorescent reporter, such as GFP or mCherry, through genetic modification...combination of antibody-fluorophores, fluorescent reporters, and/or dye stains used in your flow cytometry...excitation and emission wavelengths, it is also important to know the brightness of individual fluorophores...mentioned previously, you can also use fluorescent reporters, such as GFP, and fluorophore-conjugated antibodies...compare the excitation/emission spectra of your reporter with the ones from your fluorophore labels and...cells to express: CD45. Upon expression, CD45 is incorporated into the plasma membrane and can be detected...

...hypothesis. The results of experiments can help support or reject a hypothesis. Looking at the data, scientists...trust in scientists if the march highlights data supporting unwanted results (14). Some loss of trust, I ...science) they come from many different places supporting many different positions. It would be detrimental...going change depending on the number of people supporting it.  3) Linking scientists to one particular ...world. There is no requirement that marchers or supporters be scientists – on the contrary, anyone and everyone...the march as well as other science advocacy opportunities. Information for joining the march: March...satellite marches. Anyone can join the marches or support the cause. For science to be integrated into politics...

... the TIMER growth rate bioreporter. During protein maturation, the bioreporter spontaneously changes from..., and evidence suggests that it is incredibly important for nearly every aspect of life.” Unger began ... and in assays for measuring human serotonin transporter activity. Unger also plans to use the serotonin...permeability of water and nutrients and colonization opportunities for bacteria. To compare the artificial leaf..., Bernach plans to use a suite of fluorescent reporters. Bacteria containing unstable fluorescent proteins...artificial leaf, Bernach will use the CUSPER bioreporter such that fluorescent proteins expression is ...colonizer, labelled with a constitutively fluorescent reporter can also be used to track how one population responds...

...from another portion. For example, Fab fragments are molecules composed of just the Fab portion of the antibody...between the target and reporter. They have fewer non-specific binding opportunities due to the lack of an...region is the “tail” of the antibody and comprises portions of the constant regions of the two heavy chains...   Figure 1: IgG antibody structure with important features labeled. V = Variable domain. L = Light...used in vivo.     Of course, the lack of an Fc portion means that most of the common anti-IgG secondary...it either needs to be directly conjugated to a reporter or you need a light-chain specific conjugated ...fairly easy to find these in a Fab fragment format. Reporter-conjugated anti-IgG Fab fragments make good secondaries...

... the cytoplasm of dendrites, and only a small proportion were found on the plasma membrane (top panel ...been administered. Although we found a larger proportion on the membrane in mice neurons, most of them...different tag fused to the hM4Di might improve the transport of this DREADD to the plasma membrane. The haemagglutinin...results indicate that the tag protein may have an important influence on the expression of the transgene of.... In our studies, mCherry interfered with the transport to the membrane of the DREADDs. In studies where... (Kimple et al., 2013) could help improve the transport of protein of interest the membrane.   ... use of the HA tag significantly improves the transport of hM4Di to the plasma membrane.   Our studies...