...premises we can classify a plasmid preparation in 3 different ways: Transformation grade DNA Cloning grade ... our Plasmids 101 blog posts Learn about the differences between transformation, transduction, conjugation...Resources on Addgene.org Read the molecular biology reference Find plasmids for your research Brush up on molecular...

...but when it came time to add author details a different person in the lab wanted to be the first author...

...beginning of September all will be powered by 100% renewable electricity! A (not so) shocking transition  ...bulk purchase energy from a higher percentage of renewable sources. This program offers options of between...between 14% - 100% electricity supplied from renewable sources and we have chosen to participate at the highest... will be drawing 100% of our electricity from renewable energy projects right here in New England- the...attempt to save energy. The transition to 100% renewable electricity will allow us to maintain these particularly...the office more eco-friendly The switch to 100% renewable electricity is certainly not the only sustainability...as well. For a more in-depth look at Addgene’s current lab-oriented environmental efforts check out Leila...

...comparing Addgene global deposit and distribution trends for Zinc Finger, TALE, CRISPR, and SynBio plasmids...

...Before the conference Is the conference you are attending on the larger side? At large conferences, chances...once in different rooms. Before arriving at the conference, plan out your agenda. Some conferences even ... the entire conference, in general). After the conference Review your favorite conference moments on social...present your findings at a conference. But what you get out of a conference depends on what you put into...introduction. During the conference When you meet someone new at a conference, one of the first things... the conference, you can end by asking them to come to your poster or talk. After the conference After...elevator pitch several times at the conference, you might notice some trends. Were there parts of your elevator...

... of the conference Addgenies were lucky enough to meet hundreds of the over 11,000 conference registrants...Check Out Our Microbiology Page! The start of the conference After setting up the Addgene booth on Thursday...involved with was one of the highlights of the conference. It was inspiring to see how microbiology research...were happy to chat with lots of researchers who weren’t aware of Addgene’s plasmid sharing services, as...out many of the posters being presented at the conference and talked to some scientists who stopped by ...from the nearly 4000 posters presented at the conference, it looks like there are plenty more exciting...Engineering Learn how to Network at Scientific Conferences Resources on Addgene.org Check out Our Microbiology...

...Research" conference. You can register for the conference here. The Future of Research conference is organized...training. One of the best recent discussions of this apparently worsening crisis recently appeared in eLife: ...

...public, not private interests. On this nonprofit awareness day, we layout the ways in which we promote our...build reserves so the company is sustainable. The difference is what nonprofits do with their revenue. A nonprofit... offices trust us to work for them with full transparency. We don’t have to explain that the materials...collaboration, and fun Addgene believes there is strength in diversity and in empowering team members to... Jane, Jason, Jessica, Joel, Jonathan, Justine, Karen, Kate, Kayla, Kelly, Kory, Kris, Leila, Lianna, ...Pamela, Racheal, Ramsey, Randall, Ray, Rebecca, Renee, Shannon, Susanna, Tenisha, Thomas, Tony, Tracy,... nonprofit awareness day...

... the conference, map out which posters you are interested in viewing. For most larger conferences, poster...ensure you have the most beneficial scientific conference experience possible. Tips for poster session ... times while standing at your poster – it’s a different experience to practice while seated or with your...Dress for the venue and professionalism of the conference, and remember to wear comfortable shoes, as you...your poster board well ahead of time ensures you aren’t scrambling to tack up your poster seconds before...this, and have many times answered a completely different question than the intended one. Take a deep breath...tips and tricks for presenting at scientific conferences, so let us know your own ways to successfully...

...revolutionizing your research. Why serendipity matters Serendipity is not just a stroke of luck; it's ...redefine the course of one's research journey — serendipity. The best scientific breakthroughs often occur...delve into the importance of leaving room for serendipity during your PhD studies and offer two simple ... your search The first step towards inviting serendipity into your research lies in expanding the scope...from looking beyond its confines. The beauty of serendipity often emerges at the intersections of disciplines...sparking innovative thinking that may benefit your current project. Another strategy could entail immersing...Widening your search creates fertile ground for serendipitous encounters that could spark unforeseen connections...

...types in the body from otherwise terminally differentiated cells simply by expressing four proteins Oct4... usually I only get to scratch the surface of different fields. This meeting has given me an opportunity...can often take the back burner at scientific conferences. In my nearly 20-year career in science, I have...Shinya Yamanaka, George Q. Daley, Christine Mummery, Lorenz Studer, and Deepak Srivastava--addressed a battery...trial patients with advanced macular degeneration; Laurenz Studer discussed his work with Parkinson's Disease...

...second day of the conference included workshops which were framed in advance by the conference organizing team...the amazing, postdoc-driven Future of Research Conference at Boston University last week.  This fantastic...past practices and mores.  His list is dire:  The current system is unsustainable, hypercompetition is corroding...cited the oft quoted statistic that only 15% of current postdocs will be academic principal investigators...

...spending on a conference? One thing to consider is the size of the conference. Large conferences have many...make new relationships than at scientific conferences. Conferences provide the opportunity to meet people...especially when solving problems.  During the conference The conference may start in the airport. If you see ...programs. After the conference Follow up with the new people you met at the conference. If you promised ...overwhelming as far as meeting new people. At large conferences, look for smaller events or meet-ups to connect...sessions that match your interests. I favor small conferences where the attendees stay onsite and eat together...face it, you see enough of them).  Before the conference Make sure you have a business card – even students...

...enzymes and these different Dicer-like enzymes are involved in the biogenesis of different small RNAs (Figure...choice of tool requires careful balancing of the inherent advantages and limitations of any technique in...that function downstream of DNA, such as RNA interference, can reversibly exert their effect independent...independent of gene copy number. RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved eukaryotic process where approximately...transcriptionally or post-transcriptionally. In plants, different dicer-like enzymes (DCL) process the dsRNA into...equivalently precise, but each method recovered different genes known to be required for viability (Morgens...subsequent two. Consequently, I will focus on different approaches and considerations present at the first...

...sessions The poster session from conference to conference can be wildly different. There can be no presenter...participants used the conference hashtag after the conference was over. Depending on the conference, organizers ...scientific conferences. Plan your sessions, not your walks between sessions Like many large conferences with...can use to help plan your conference experience.One of the biggest differences: you don't have to build..., requiring you to zoom in to different parts of the poster. Conferences, such as Photonics Online Meetup..., 2020 Final thoughts on virtual conferences Virtual conferences remove many barriers of participation...spend with the conference. “If you want to have the same experience as an on-site conference, you really ...

...freezers that the samples can be stored in? Different shelves? Different racks on each shelf? Give each container...about location, location, location There are many different types of samples at Addgene - DNA sent from depositors... that we never run out. There are a number of different strains of E. coli that can be used for transformation... concentration or need to be transformed into different cells than were originally requested. Most of ...analysis from our protocols and molecular biology reference pages! Resources Avaliable on the Addgene Blog...

...green cards and citizenship.   Lauren Celano, CEO Propel Careers. Lauren is passionate about working with...This post was contributed by guest bloggers Lauren Celano of Propel Careers and Rachel Casseus, Esq. ...information presented may not reflect the most current legal developments.  Further, this post may contain...development for foreign national researchers and entrepreneurs who are looking to continue their careers in...tasked with working with US immigration in its current state. As of September 2017, USCIS received 116,224... As an international researcher and aspiring entrepreneur, you have many career options available to you...skills overtime for success. Many people will have different roles, titles, and responsibilities during their...

...We’re excited to welcome Karen Katz, Esq and Carl Paratore, MBA, CPA to the Addgene Board of Directors...scientific community manage those plasmids so scientists aren’t bogged down with distributing them and spending... enjoying that immensely. Paratore: I have two children active in sports, so I enjoy watching their games... Daisy, or out on golf course! Learn more about Karen Katz, Esq Ms. Katz is the Director of Intellectual...Property Programs at Suffolk University Law School. Karen graduated with highest honors from the University...associated with Hale & Dorr and Crowell & Morning. Karen was a founding member of Mass Medical Angels, a ...

...codon usage biases of different organisms. Different species have different preferences for the codons they...scientists from MIT tapped into this data to learn about trends in synthetic biology and DNA synthesis. They published...the gene may not express well because of these different codon usage biases. But if a gene’s sequence was...could be determined through comparisons with a reference sequence database. Through a series of simulations...Kunjapur says. Percent sequence identity was a different story - the team found that the percent sequence...sequences in Addgene’s database. They showed a growing trend of sourcing genes from distantly related organisms...and synthetic biology is expanding rapidly.  References 1. Kunjapur, Aditya M., Philipp Pfingstag, and...

...Koeris' own transition from graduate student to entrepreneur, listen to our full interview with Dr. Koeris...contrasts being a graduate student with being an entrepreneur 29:00 - 32:20 : What did It mean for Dr. Koeris...developing a diagnostic? 36:53 - 38:00 : As an entrepreneur, is it more important to develop something that...Board and how he hopes to help young biotech entrepreneurs.   We'd like to thank Dr. Koeris for taking... entrepreneur...

.... I spoke with Dr. Mike Koeris, co-founder and current VP of Business Development & Operations of Sample6...roles and skills necessary to be a succesful entrepreneur? As a co-founder of a biotech startup, Mike ...its pitch the best, wins. He explained that entrepreneurs must clearly communicate their idea at various...be reproducible by someone else. Second, "an entrepreneur must be OK with the constant fear of failure...are only successful if they are 100X better than current technology and get customers to change behavior...

...supporting in-person conference attendance, the award now supports virtual conference attendance. We also...Michael Davidson and Roger Tsien Commemorative Conference Awards. Congratulations to the five winners! ...awards help early career researchers attend a conference of their choice while honoring the late Michael...faster and more sensitive than its predecessors. Currently, Aggarwal, and colleagues Filip Tomaska and Tim...CR neurons of the spinal cord. Created with BioRender.com. Image from Haoyi Qiu.   He Tian: Directed...had improved performance in live mouse brains. Currently, she is using the improved voltage indicator coming...

...Goldschmidt conference, Coastal & Estuarine Research Federation (CERF) Biennial Conference, Gordon Research...Science’s (SACNAS) annual conference all foster mentorship in different but successful ways. Scientific ...Binning Singletons. The sheer scale of a large conference can be intimidating. And it can be exacerbated...other and what to do.  Saved by the Tweet - The conference hashtag I had, however, started a Twitter account...at an institution where training opportunities weren’t always available. Even more valuable, however, ...like anyone at a meeting who felt isolated at a conference for any reason was a Singleton. Figure ... gene transfer, which occurs when bacteria of different evolutionary lineages share genes that can improve...

...proliferates and is redifferentiated to a different cell type. Transdifferentiation In this process, differentiated...reversal of a differentiated cell type to an undifferentiated state and then redifferentiation into the cell...variety of plasmids for differentiation here. Transdifferentiation Dedifferentiation to an intermediate pluripotent...ability to convert a differentiated cell to a different cell type. While transdifferentiation is suited for ... are converted to cells of a different lineage, without dedifferentiating into a pluripotent stage. Cellular...pluripotent state. Redifferentiation - Conversion of the pluripotent cells into differentiated cells of choice...control the cell fate of iPSCs and differentiate them into different cell lineages [13]. Over the last ...

...Their ability to self-renew or replicate while maintaining the undifferentiated “stem” state and, Their...to self-renew is greatly diminished. Embryonic and adult stem cells can be used for different research...contributed by Kusumika (Kushi) Mukherjee, editor of Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, a Cell Press reviews...special types of cells that can develop or “differentiate” into more specialized cells with specific functions...function adequately [1]. Stem cells’ ability to differentiate into multiple cell types makes them useful models...Their potency or capability to differentiate into specialized cell types [2]. We general speak of 4 levels... cell has the ability to produce all of the differentiated cells in an organism, including the embryonic...

...comes the need for new conference room names. The Addgenie’s favorite conference room naming scheme? Gene...largest conference room at Addgene is named Sonic Hedgehog but this is not a direct reference to the video...community. Not surprising, this is where most of our conference room names originated from. Let’s take a look...Groucho, a transcriptional co-repressor The first conference room, that is actually used as a break room for...diffuses down a concentration gradient exerting a different effect on the developing embryo depending on its...required for spermatogenesis One of our smaller conference rooms is named Cookie Monster. cookie monster... bagpipe, two genes important for mesoderm differentiation Now, let's turn tinman and bagpipe, two genes...

...788679 Lin R, Wang R, Yuan J, Feng Q, Zhou Y, Zeng S, Ren M, Jiang S, Ni H, Zhou C, Gong H, Luo M (2018) Cell-type-specific...in decreased efficiency of recombination and preferentially leads to gene constructs where the stop cassette...likely generalizable to other systems as well. References: del Valle Rodríguez A, Didiano D, Desplan C...plasmids at Addgene Read our Molecular Biology Reference ...

...10.1128/jvi.02012-06 Ou X, Liu Y, Lei X, Li P, Mi D, Ren L, Guo L, Guo R, Chen T, Hu J, Xiang Z, Mu Z, Chen... investigate the susceptibility of cells from different organisms to SARS-CoV-2 (Chu et al., 2020). An... of the scientific research infrastructure. References Chu H, Chan JF-W, Yuen TT-T, Shuai H, Yuan S,...(2006) Is there an ideal animal model for SARS? Trends in Microbiology 14:299–303 . https://doi.org/10.1016...

...10535 (2018). 1 10.1074/jbc.TM118.000372 Yang, H., Ren, S., Yu, S., Pan, H., et al. Methods favoring homology-directed...park. Happy editing!   Resources and References References Yu, Y., Guo, Y., Tian, Qigi, Lan, Y., et...overhangs at the break site – an early HR step (Moreno-Mateos, et al., Nat Com). Another method used ...the break, potentially shuttling repair down a different pathway (Charpentier et al., Nat Com).   ...Cas9 delivery. eLIFE. (2014) 10.7554/eLife.04766 Moreno-Mateos, M. A., Fernandez, J. P., Rouet, R., Vejnar...

...-023-02050-w Yi, Z., Zhang, X., Wei, X., Li, J., Ren, J., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Tang, H., Chang, X., Yu...) enzymes. Various other proteins included in different CGBE tools allow the researcher to direct the ...component of the nucleoside inosine. Created with BioRender.com. Inosine excision leads to the first adenine...a translesion synthesis polymerase known to preferentially incorporate A bases across from abasic sites...indicate natural cellular processes. Created with BioRender.com. The first deaminase-free base editor allows... Figure 3: Mechanism of gGBE. Created with BioRender.com. Base excision editing extends to thymine...recognize thymine (T) or cytosine (C). Several different teams succeeded with this approach around the ...