... tissues are nearly transparent. As Verkhusha explained it to me, the transparency window of mammalian...tumor. They wanted to find something better. Transparency window That’s exactly what they reported doing...corals, but all of them fluoresce outside the transparency window of mammalian tissues,” Verkhusha said...near-infrared fluorescent proteins within this transparency window, so now, we could see deeper.” Adding...of the time, the answers will be there.     References: Bright and stable near-infrared fluorescent ...

...Emily P. Bentley in February 2025. References and Resources References Chen, L., Zhu, B., Ru, G., Meng, ...component of the nucleoside inosine. Created with BioRender.com. How does base editing work? Base transition... UGI = uracil DNA glycosylase. Created with BioRender.com. The BE3 system increased editing frequency...APOBEC3G displayed less predictable sequence preferences.  The Liu lab also used natural and engineered...yielded an editor with more flexible sequence preferences, evoAPOBEC1-BE4max, which is significantly more...the development of prime editing, which uses a different mechanism than base editing, has allowed scientists.... A dual-deaminase CRISPR base editor enables concurrent adenine and cytosine editing. Nature Biotechnology...

... the transcript. Different Cas orthologues and subtypes function somewhat differently and can be more ...Gram-positive bacteria Jason Peters, Oren Rosenberg, and Carol Gross used two different genetic systems, targeting...Transcriptional repression (CRISPRi) in bacteria As RNA interference does not function in bacteria, most efforts ...Clostridium difficile, could be targeted and preferentially depleted from gut. While still far from the...the BE3 that further improves editing rates. References Bikard D, Euler CW, Jiang W, Nussenzweig PM, ...inMycobacterium tuberculosisusing an efficient CRISPR interference system. Nucleic Acids Res 44:e143–e143 . https...

...for contributing their expertise! References and resources References Aschauer, D. F., Kreuz, S., & Rumpel... 1: Diagram of AAV components. Created with BioRender.com. AAV vectors have both distinctive capsids...multiple coreceptors, which may be present on different cell types and sometimes vary between target species...service.  In summary Your choice of AAV vector inherently depends on your experimental system. As we cannot... al., 2021 In addition to tissue tropism, different AAV serotypes can be useful to evade neutralizing...Transfer by Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors via Different Routes. Diabetes, 55(4), 875–884. https://doi....

...meaningful changes in the lab could make a big difference in our global impact as scientists. Many scientists... boxes Some vendors take back their expanded polystyrene (a.k.a. Styrofoam or cooler boxes). We get these...receiving temperature-controlled reagents. Expanded polystyrene will likely end up in a landfill, but at least...with CO2 emissions. NEB takes back expanded polystyrene boxes for free (in the U.S.). Their cooler boxes... 1976! Millipore Sigma takes back expanded polystyrene boxes for free (in the U.S.). After you receive...Sustainable Practices to the Lab: Easy Action Items References Geyer, Roland, Jenna R. Jambeck, and Kara Lavender...

...the discoveries yet to come.      References and resources References Arbabi-Ghahroudi M (2017) Camelid...Camelids. The declaration is intended to raise awareness of the economic and cultural importance of these...become appealing candidates for the detection of different cancers (Jin, et al. 2023).  So where do all these...mouse-derived single-domain antibodies. Image created in BioRender and adapted from Xu, et al., 2021.   The single-domain...antibody field has come a long way since the serendipitous discovery of heavy-chain only antibodies in ...

...specific compounds, links to publication references, and cross-references with cell line catalogs and collections...be adjusted based on query, reference, and shared allele search preferences to help you identify proximal...entry.) You can look up the cell lines you are currently or planning to use for helpful information on ...to learn more, check out the Cellosaurus FAQ! References Lorsch JR, Collins FS, Lippincott-Schwartz J....

...Swanson a structural biologist and protein engineer currently working at Sanofi Pharmaceuticals in Cambridge... Rare Disorders (NORD). NORD raises money and awareness for rare disease and helps patients find the correct...first met AJ and his family, he did not seem much different than my second son of similar age. When he came...play with my kids like any other youngster. His parents, Kristi and Rico, had to keep him from running ...an organization dedicated to raising funds and awareness of FOP. Please consider running with us or making...is a structural biologist and protein engineer currently working at Sanofi Pharmaceuticals in Cambridge...

...work demonstrates that different repair template strategies activate different HDR sub-pathways like synthesis-dependent...live updates! My most popular tweet from the conference is shown above. The blog post I mentioned, John...post-CRISPR cleavage When I first looked at the conference agenda, I was surprised to see that it would ...Having had time to digest my notes, since the conference, I think I may have finally grasped just how ...Subscribe to CRISPR updates on our blog to keep current with the latest and greatest! Addgene resources...

...National Institutes of Health.     References and Resources References Bradbury A, Plückthun A (2015) Reproducibility...that secrete antibodies in culture and provide renewable reagents with reliable and reproducible production...made available through our usual service (see our current antibody plasmid collection) and we plan to introduce...working with the community to create a fully transparent resource where researchers can easily share, ... Trimmer JS, Görnemann J, Glanville J, Wolf P, Frenzel A, Wong J, Koh XY, Eng H-Y, Lane D, Lefranc M-P...

...redesigning viral packaging plasmids, investigating different viral production strategies or developing novel...silver stain approaches we show that there is no difference in purity or infectivity between the untreated...GFP-expressing AAV particles we did not observe any difference between untreated and sucrose treated cells. ...it will be exciting to test this approach with different capsids. Most importantly, because our AAV yields...spending less time and resources resupplying our current inventory and more time providing new materials...materials to the research community. References 1. Coroadinha, A. S., et al. "Effect of osmotic pressure on...

...sensors offer different levels of apparent dopamine affinity, with 113050 offering high apparent affinity,... various AAV serotypes can be used to achieve different patterns of expression, researchers often need...affinity, and 113049 offering medium apparent affinity. Plasmid Serotype Name 113050 AAV9, AAVrg pAAV-hSyn-GRAB_DA1h...Glutamate sensors iGluSnFR is a useful tool from Loren Looger’s lab at Janelia for neuroscientists to measure...

...specific problem. Every species is so different – an awake monkey is different from a cell in a dish. I always...want to activate two sets of neurons and see how different parts of the brain or the cells within them work...Boyden: I think because neuroscience has so many different goals: to understand how a mouse changes emotions...find ways to make these tools more selective for different ions. Right now, we can modulate electricity. ... click the link in the Addgene Alerts box. References: Independent Optical Excitation of Distinct Neural...

...This post was contributed by guest blogger Søren Hough, a Biochemistry PhD candidate at the University...double-stranded breaks (Tsai et al. 2015). Additionally, current algorithms do not take into account other elements...sequencing (Hendel et al. 2015), a significant difference as CRISPR experiments move closer to the clinic...and Joung 2016. Many thanks to our guest blogger Søren Hough. We additionally thank Monica Sentmanat, Victor...Ajetunmobi for their contributions to this work. Søren Hough is a Biochemistry PhD candidate in the laboratory...https://magazine.scienceforthepeople.org/.     References 1. Fu, Yanfang, et al. "High-frequency off-target..."Quantifying on-and off-target genome editing." Trends in biotechnology 33.2 (2015): 132-140. PubMed PMID...

...gradients. The current purification protocols for isolating exo-AAVs rely on differential centrifugation...saw that these AAV particles come in a slightly different shape. These AAV particles are often found with...able to infect more cells (as demonstrated in different cellular environments such as retina or glioblastoma...Exo-AAVs have improved transduction profiles in different AAV serotypes both in vitro and in vivo when compared...to inactivation through anti-AAV antibodies. References György, Bence, et al. "Naturally enveloped AAV...

...either from human or plant sources) in both the strength as a promoter and the activity to release gRNAs...heart disease, and type 2 diabetes, across four different types of human cells, including T cells and hematopoietic... interest with only minimal genetic payloads. Different from existing multiplex array architectures, including...when repetitive tRNA sequences must be avoided, different tRNAs with optimized 5’ leader sequences can be... lab of Xue Sherry Gao at Rice University.    References and Resources More resources on the Addgene blog...Adding Precision and Flexibility to CRISPR Editing References Yuan Q, Gao X (2022) Multiplex base- and prime-editing...

... and current Scientist, DNA Sequencing and QC at Addgene.  References and resources References Mosch... T-cells or monocytes. PBMCs can be further differentiated into dentritic cells or macrophages through... 3-D models can be applied to corroborate the occurrence and extent of the adverse drug reaction. This...of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V, 130, 128–142. https://doi.org/10.1016...

... interest, and a polyA signal. Created with biorender.com. ITR structure  ITRs are symmetrical 145-nucleotide...resolution site (trs) are noted. Created with biorender.com. ITR modifications and types  Since ITRs are...expression can be altered by using ITR sequences from different AAV serotypes that vary in their RBE and T-shaped...multiple AAV serotypes (Wilmott et al., 2019), and different combinations of ITR and capsid serotypes vary ...restriction digest methods.    Resources and references More resources on the Addgene blog Viral Vectors...Addgene.org Addgene's AVV guide AAV Viral Preps References  Earley, L. F., Conatser, L. M., Lue, V. M., ...

...the liquid. Molecules absorb different wavelengths of light to different degrees and many molecules have...spectrophotometer measures these absorbances using UV-transparent cuvettes. First you measure the absorbance of...the ladder. You then run samples of your DNA at different dilutions and quantify based on band intensities...elute and store your plasmid DNA Learn about the different grades of plasmid DNA preps Resources on Addgene.org...Addgene.org Visit the Molecular Biology Reference Find plasmids for your research Browse protocols for ...

... Gal4 lines and study gene expression in many different tissue types! Although putting a gene of interest... overexpressed in several cell types by using different Gal4 drivers. It is much easier to mate flies ...one gene in one cell type and another gene in a different cell type (6–8). Although it’s often very easy...the meantime, be sure to browse the publication references and web links from my first post and start designing...jonchowphd but he still reads “#” as a “pound symbol”. References 1. A. H. Brand, N. Perrimon, Targeted gene expression...systems in Drosophila: A synthesis of time and space, Trends Genet. 20, 384–391 (2004). PubMed PMID: 15262411...

...are normally available (as sectors such as forensics currently have too many applicants compared to the ...Michael Koeris' Journey from Grad Student to Entrepreneur Science careers divided by the most pertinent...types of skills show that you fully explore the different options available and then decide on a course ...full time) and what life is like for someone who currently in the position. Questions you’ll want to find...Michael Koeris' Journey from Grad Student to Entrepreneur Learn to Network and Make the Contacts for Your...

...not exert force by dynamically rearranging into different polymerization states. Instead, R body monomers...natural context or 3) be modified to extend at different pH levels. Domesticating R bodies We have shown...that R bodies can function to break membranes of different organisms. And finally, we demonstrated that R... can be “tuned” with mutagenesis to extend at different pH values. Using a screen that takes advantage...region produced R-bodies that could extend at different pHs. Plasmids expressing expressing both wild ...School. Follow her on Twitter @jessicapolka.     References 1. Kanabrocki, J. A., Quackenbush, R. L. & Pond...

... labs (see table below) have different PAM requirements. These different PAM requirements allow researchers...discovered all the time and the requirements of these different systems can vary (for example, xCas9 is a variant...neither bind nor cut the target. Cas9 homologs from different organisms or Cas9 mutants developed in a variety...researchers to target many different genomic loci. 3. Cleave target DNA resulting in a double-strand break...sequence.   Now that you know about all the different components of CRISPR, It's time to start thinking...

... is it different from a CV? Get familiar with the general format of a resume and the different presentation...If the job posting says “French-speaking is an asset,” mention “speaks French.” Employers usually don'...you volunteer to do science outreach and teach children about science? Or perhaps you have presented in... science outreach and writing was how I got my current job as a Communications Coordinator. Wondering ...

...help define the different cells present in a mixed population, or identify differentiation and disease states...essential for synaptic transmission. Cleavage of VAMP2 renders it inactive, thus inhibiting neurotransmitter release...some genes can change depending on the location. Current methods for visualizing the location and function...challenges such as the inhibition of immune cell differentiation. Furthermore, TALEN and ZFN require custom ... any immune lineage without affecting cell differentiation in a high-throughput manner. They designed ...

...the answer isn't to work harder - it's to work differently.  Tools to Try  Checklists Found in surgical ...and your workflow can have a huge impact. Test different approaches, like whether it's better for you to...as a Do Not Disturb sign, even if the headphones aren’t actually playing music. Nontraditional cues are... more than anything else I tried, made a huge difference in my ability to focus, especially on days when...what can be a rather vicious cycle.  Everybody’s Different   The truth is, there is no One True Way to Error-Free...the detail-driven daily grind of science.      References and Resources Images used Roberson Lab, UPenn...

...These cells are then transfected with several different constructs for the reporter to work and to make... visual read out allows for easy screening of different gRNAs by simply changing the gRNA used when transfecting...labor-intensive, require multiple fluorescent proteins, and aren’t that efficient. To overcome these issues the Denham...concept the Denham lab compared editing at three different genomic sites in the AAVS1 locus using GEmCherry2...GEmCherry2. In this experiment they saw a clear difference in mCherry expression using FACs sorting, confirming...mutant of interest, give these methods a try.  References Højland Knudsen C, Ásgrímsdóttir ES, Rahimi...

...approach. One central bottleneck is that most recurrently mutated cancer genes are rare and most of the...found in genome sequencing studies (as well as reference cDNA clones mapping to well-annotated cellular...signaling pathways as part of our Genetic Pathway Reference Set. These Gateway-compatible entry clones are...cancer mutant collection and the genetic pathway reference collections are described in this paper Systematic...Central PMCID: PMC5386591.  The genetic pathway reference collection is described in this publication ...Comprehensive Set of MAPK1/ERK2 Missense Mutants. Brenan L et al. Cell Reports, 2016. PubMed PMID: 27760319...

...help us in different ways and in diverse areas. It is helpful to have mentors from your current organization...that you are an expert networker (or if you just aren’t doing it at all yet) watch my webinar, “Not Networking...you identify specific skills you need for your current position Understand your interpersonal challenges...someone you trust. A good coach can make a big difference, if you can find one. Create your own peer mentoring...with progress. Tell them how their advice made a difference, helped you make a change for the good or resulted...

...targeting the donor and acceptor fluorophores to the different biomolecules you’d like to test for interaction...that the targeting specificity requirements are different for the donor and acceptor fluorophores. The donor...acceptors are delivered to the wrong address in a different city, you can still develop a successful FRET-...signal is unaffected  Due to these fundamental differences in targeting specificity for donor and acceptor...blogger James D. Fessenden! James D. Fessenden is currently an Assistant Professor in the Anesthesia Research...channels involved in skeletal muscle contraction.   References 1. Degorce, François, et al. "HTRF: a technology... theoretical aspects and recent applications." Current Chemical Genomics and Translational Medicine 3.1...