...to start considering my future path. Talking to Addgenies has helped me get a much better idea of what ...organization beyond my job description.” Our resident bagel provider, source of energy, and conversation master...friends in the Biochemistry major seem to have the idea that if you don’t get your PhD you’re set up for...undergraduate school and studying for the MCAT, she decided that she didn’t want to take it. “I realized if...to her. Addgenie Shreya Vedantam with our resident dinosaur! Read her Instagram feature here. ...scooped, she said. Reflecting on her values, she decided that this “is not [her] view of science. It should...joined an investment club and discovered the business side of science, she stuck with it. Lab Manager Shannon...

...Editing Guide RNAs Download the CRISPR 101 eBook Resources on Addgene.org Read the CRISPR guide Find CRISPR...tools. These papers are chock full of great tips to guide your experimental design, especially the design ...nickase + reverse transcriptase and a prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA). The pegRNA consists of a CRISPR gRNA...successful, although sequences with G/C content outside this range can still be optimized (Anzalone et ...transcriptase template, starting with about 10–16 nucleotides. For longer templates, it is even more important...influence the success of your prime edit. If possible, consider following these suggestions: Edit the PAM along...DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is less efficient at identifying these “bubbles” of mismatched bases, enhancing...

...get an answer, consider asking to avoid unrealistic expectations. And finally, provide feedback. If ... in customer service, I've daydreamed about the ideal customer service interaction - one that gives our...experience is based solely on my time at Addgene, I’m confident that these tips and tricks will apply to any biology-related...Your time is precious. Here are a few things to consider before you commit: Double check to make sure ... it’s not in the best interest of any company to hide information about their products from you, unless...papers that successfully used said plasmids. We provide these references as our way of saying “Hey look...can be a particularly good resource if you are considering using a reagent for “off-label” purposes. When...

...individual gRNA from this single vector) and guide-only (lentiGuide expressing only an gRNA, for use with cells...new model or a new assay or both, and you have no idea what genes are involved. Or you don’t know how well...Or you don’t have enough cells to execute genome-wide perturbations. So, while some might argue that the...the CRISPR kinome library? Thus, we are glad to provide CRISPR libraries targeting the mouse and human ... a well-annotated collection of genes that can provide a useful starting point for developing a model ... libraries are available from Addgene as pools provided in two sets, each with 4 gRNAs per kinase, so ...opposed to the 70,000 or more gRNAs found in genome-wide libraries, and thus can be screened in pooled format...

...with people inside and outside your field. Your colleagues, lab mates, and PI can provide feedback on ...poster – now it’s time to practice your delivery. Consider your audience: Who will be attending the session...audience so that they can digest what you’re saying, provide constructive criticism, and ask thought-provoking... for Cancer Research Annual Meeting, you might consider including more background on how your virus of... points will help you remember what to say and provide your audience with a clear picture of your work...on your technical presentation, but those outside of your field can point out places where you gloss over...you’re standing at the session. Present with confidence Now that you’ve printed your poster and practiced...

...though it has been shown to identify trends correctly (Muhamad, 2011;  Providenti, 2006). Its biggest advantage..., look for the lowest-cost option that provides you confidence in the results you need.  Whichever ...Taqman’s increased sensitivity allows for a more confident determination of copy number, albeit within a ...to a standard curve, and most results can be confidently interpreted as integers. Since each sample is...approach is right for your experiment. You’ll have to consider:  Resources needed Most molecular biology labs...exact copy numbers or just general trends? How confident do you need to be in your determination to move...determine exact copy number and it may not be able to identify trends in cases where the copy number variation...

...’s possible to get an idea about the subcellular structures your protein resides in and potentially which...structures, called organelles. Take a sneak peak inside a cell with the images from the Allen Cell Explorer...transport between healthy and diseased states can also provide interesting insights into disease mechanisms and...in Figure 2 (adapted from 4) - Dunn et al. 2011 provides an in-depth review of quantitative colocalization... and well-executed experiments require some consideration of FP properties. It is important to look out...Barbier Lab can be used to fluorescently label a wide variety of gram negative bacteria (West Virginia...Virginia University School of Medicine, 7). Identifying the subcellular localization and composition of cellular...

...out Addgene's western blot protocol and protocol video!  Antibodies The most important part of your western...  Lysis buffer When choosing your lysis buffer, consider the subcellular location of your protein. Proteins...SDS-containing lysis buffer, like RIPA, should be considered if your protein is difficult to solubilize, such... protein of interest is small, you may want to consider a smaller pore size (0.2 µm). Conversely, if your...well for proteins of most sizes and are worth considering if your proteins of interest vary wildly in size...used for multiplexing, and the solutions used to provide the chemilumescence may be light-sensitive. They...size. However, HRP is not compatible with sodium azide, a common microbial agent used in antibody buffers...

... CRISPRi screens to identify essential genes and phage host factors, and identify sequence-specific toxicity... inducible CRISPR/Cas9 activation E. coli genome-wide inhibition library CRISPR knockout libraries for...break at the genomic loci of interest and on either side of the cargo (ex: fluorescent protein gene) on the... donor plasmid cargo are complementary to either side of the double-stranded break in the genomic loci...the drug inducible Cas9 plasmids E. coli genome-wide inhibition library In the last edition of “What’...in CRISPR,” we shared with you an E. coli genome-wide inhibition library from the Chong Zhong lab. Now...Now, we’ve included another E. coli genome-wide inhibition library from David Bikard’s lab. The Bikard ...

...transposons due to changes in coloration of corn kernels. Aside from corn, transposons are in the genomes of many...encode a transposase enzyme.  Class I TEs are considered replicative since every time they jump they make...transposons are used in the lab, the transposase gene is provided in trans so that a gene of interest can be inserted...preferred target site for integration is TA dinucleotides and it leaves behind the CAG DNA footprint from...with next generation sequencing, and analyzed to identify which insertions were positive or negative selected...site preference and host range are important to consider when selecting a transposon for a mutagenesis ...regions, gene disruption is less of a concern. RNA guided transposons insertion One drawback to DNA transposons...

...reagent-grade endangered Martian chicory root, but considering this is a needle in a haystack type of objective...In retrospect I used a way too high Cas9 MOI considering that A549 cells are relatively easy to transduce...news for a screen. Because Addgene viruses are provided at a specific titer, you can better plan your ...more difficult to get them to grow out. The only downside is that it takes a few weeks for single cells ...Using this virus, it’s expected that Cas9 activity, guided by the virally-delivered GFP gRNA, will edit out...products (which could be easier to visualize and identify). If you need/want to put the digestion site in...of the PCR product, you would still be able to identify the cleavage product. 3. The Surveyor kit had ...

...Protein-based tags typically provide better labeling specificity than short peptide tags like tetracysteine...forgot it was already in the freezer… you get the idea. What if there were a way to just make one fusion...it takes is a bit of chemistry magic to produce a wide range of useful molecules linked to that substrate... the photophysical properties of chemical dyes provide many advantages over fluorescent proteins, opening...1998 (Griffin et al., 1998), this 15 amino acid peptide contains a cluster of four cysteines (CCXXCC, where...using engineered ligases to attach a ligand to a peptide tag on your protein of interest or using non-natural... protein is functional. In some cases, a small peptide tag like tetracysteine might be the only option...

...quarantining {% video_player "embed_player" overrideable=False, type='scriptV4', hide_playlist=True, viral_sharing...an estimated total of 380,000 deaths worldwide (statistics provided by Google on 6/4/20). Many countries...interested in examining the effect of COVID-19 on worldwide scientific activity. However, this type of open-ended... requests over 6 years for 35 papers (data was provided by Addgene on 5/26/20 and contains requests from...holiday effects. Based on these observations, we considered the following (noiseless) model for our data:...factor 𝜙z if t is during event z. The "events" we considered for our model were weekends, Christmas/New Years...Europe. To improve the stability of our model, we considered only the 10 papers with more than 10 unique order...

...meeting and a means to request funding for events, consider reaching out to it. PTAs have more flexibility...Science Night. There are plenty of places to get ideas for science activities. I did some crowdsourcing...teachers socially and we’d already discussed the idea of my giving a CRISPR presentation to their students...students learned something. Based on the initial guidelines I received from the teachers, I formulated the...schooler himself and b) I had the background to be considered an authority in this area. What is genome engineering...CRISPR work? This section was essentially background slides getting everyone on the same page in terms of the... by running it by the teachers and sharing some slides on Twitter, where I was able to get some great ...

...watch a how-to video. My dad, on the other hand, mastered the art of finding how-to videos on YouTube long...today's science communications: podcasts, blogging, videos, lectures, exhibits, social media… how do you choose...of looking for The One Method to Rule Them All, consider the following four questions to figure out which...use at Addgene: YouTube, for longer educational videos, and Twitter, for sharing updates, new deposits...precious free time.  And don’t be afraid to think outside of the box. There are so many ways to communicate...comic about math probably didn't sound like a great idea to most people in 2005, but XKCD is pretty successful... can make for beautifully compelling photos and videos, while molecular, micro, and cell biology are often...

...many different inserts. The downside: this type of primer does not provide information about the orientation... blog post discusses some of the key things to consider when performing colony PCR.   Designing colony...different inserts. When you design primers to anneal outside the cloning site, it doesn’t matter what the sequence...information about insert orientation, then you might consider designing orientation-specific primers. Blunt ...primer pair for each insert Backbone-Specific Provides information about the size of the insert and if...because primers are plasmid dependent Doesn't provide information about the orientation of the insert...-up Setting up colony PCR reactions is nearly identical to preparing a standard PCR reaction: combine ...

...organization or a program and a funding opportunity coincided, and they stepped up to apply for a grant which...to evaluate the organization’s grant readiness, identify grant opportunities, secure grant awards, and ...receive and manage funds.  Grant professionals identify grant opportunities with the highest likelihood...strategy and projections around that likelihood. We provide expertise on the processes needed to successfully...grantmakers. We keep up-to-date on the changing guidelines and regulations impacting grant management, we...career path changed when I was asked if I would consider consulting for a particular grant by another state...transferable. Use your experience and your passion(s) to guide you in building a grant career. Do you have a passion...

...said to be hyperpolarized. The chloride pump NpHR brings in negative chloride ions which hyperpolarize the...generation times and high fecundity, make zebrafish ideal for high throughput studies of optogenetics.  ...these charged particles and whether they make the inside of the neuron more positive or more negative.  ...  Neuronal stimulation: Depolarization When the inside of the neuron becomes positive over a certain threshold...inhibition: Hyperpolarization Conversely, when the inside of the neuron becomes more negative it becomes ...swimming. Zebrafish behavior studies in action: Identifying neurons that trigger spontaneous swimming  Researchers...lab applied optogenetics in zebrafish larvae to identify new neurons that trigger the CPG (central pattern...

...the use of chemical pesticides may be avoided or decreased. Biosensors for herbicide detection Dr. Rodrigo...scientists work on projects spanning from the identification of plant compounds and insecticidal proteins...renewable biotechnology products and biosensors for herbicides as well as developing yeast as source for dietary...focuses on endophytes, bacteria, and fungi that reside within living plants and that produce compounds...expression system pDawn to clone and express newly identified proteins and enzymes. These compounds will later... yeast capable of desaturating fatty acids. Identification of Insecticidal Proteins Linh Bao Ton (M. Sc...thrives to make affordable biosensors that detect herbicides, such as glyphosate, in water. He aims to leverage...

...it is crucial for scientists to not only easily identify base editing events in real-time but also enrich.... APOBEC-Cas9n-UGI targets its preferred trinucleotide motifs (5’-TCA-to-TUA) found within the 43 base-pair...cells expressing eGFP and mCherry. ACE was used to identify cells that have been successfully edited with ...efficiency in real-time, it relies on DSBs which is not ideal for monitoring single base edits (St. Martin et ... cells. mCherry is constitutively expressed to identify successfully transfected cells. C-to-T editing...2019). TREE is a real-time, fluorescent based identification system for the isolation of base-edited cell... plasmid delivery to a cell. In contrast, TREE provides a read out for plasmid delivery and subsequent...