...101 eBook! Researchers use various techniques to control protein expression for experimental, biotechnological...successful. Some mammalian systems also allow for control over when a protein is expressed through the use...Protein expression from each of these vectors is controlled by a different promoter resulting in different...to E. coli. Of all the vectors, pET, under the control of the T7 lac promoter and induced by lactose, ...researchers often place recombinant proteins under the control of the galactose inducible promoter (GAL). Other...cell-free expression systems, proteins are assembled in vitro using purified components of the transcription and...

...placing FP timer DsRed-E5 under the control of Neurog3 (a gene controlling pancreatic differentiation) in ... (500 to 580 nm) over the course of 18 hours in vitro (see figure 1B in Terskikh et al.) and even displays...showed that their versatile timer could be used in vitro, in mammalian cells, in C. elegans, and in Xenopus...synthesized or long-lived transcription factors control gross changes in gene expression as new body sections...Pratik, et al. "A programmable synthetic lineage-control network that differentiates human IPSCs into glucose-sensitive...

...enjoy seeing how our quality control process has changed with the introduction of next generation sequencing...sequencing results we analyze as part of our quality control process has steadily grown. On a busy week, we ... more than 200 plasmids as part of our quality control process. Consequently our team has refined our ...database sequence is ≥ 95%. [Our QC process would be trouble-free and much faster if 95% of our results were...Plasmids 101: An Inside Look at NGS Plasmid Quality Control Learn about our Snapgene-powered plasmid maps. ...

...members of the lab or those taking introductory lab courses. The Intro to the Lab Bench series is meant...supplement your teaching? You’re in luck! Addgene’s Intro to the Lab Bench series was born from the shift ...meant to be an informative introduction for those who are just starting their careers in the lab and even... need a refresher on some best practices for introductory science techniques. It’s also great for teachers...

...capsids (i.e. the part of the virus that determines tropism) have been developed that increase transduction...expressing plasmids is generated. Diversity is introduced into the cap plasmid library by inserting short...which, in the case of Chan et al, was neurons and astrocytes. Why screen for IV deliverable AAVs? Typically... AAV vectors expressing RGB proteins under the control of an inducer, i.e. tet-off transactivator (tTA...expression in the CNS and PNS Previously to broadly introduce a transgene into a specific cell type in the brain...fluorescent tag-then-express system that allows for controlled induction of multi-color labeling of neurons ...

...A few months ago, we shared an introduction to immunofluorescence (IF) - a common method for visualizing...of interest within a cell or tissue. In that introduction, we broke down the method into six general steps...improve antibody binding for some targets, they can destroy it for others. That said, organic solvents’ impact... K, Mareninov S, Diaz MFP, Yong WH (2018) An Introduction to Performing Immunofluorescence Staining. Methods...resources on the Addgene blog: Antibodies 101: Introduction to Immunofluorescence Antibodies 101: Epitope...Epitope Availability Antibodies 101: Introduction to Antibodies Resources on Addgene.org Find recombinant...

...researchers developed viral vector systems based on retroviruses like Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV). The...system that could do both, Addgene depositor Didier Trono and collaborators turned to the lentivirus HIV-1...plasmid contained a viral envelope to dictate the tropism, or types of cells the vector could infect. Finally...vectors are incredibly popular in the lab - the Trono lab’s lentiviral packaging and envelope plasmids...Gallay P, Ory D, Mulligan R, Gage FH, Verma IM, Trono D. Science. 1996 Apr 12;272(5259):263-7. PubMed ...Dull T, Zufferey R, Kelly M, Mandel RJ, Nguyen M, Trono D, Naldini L. J Virol. 1998 Nov;72(11):8463-71. ...

...resistance is swift, as few as five years after introduction. Current antibiotic strategies are nonspecific.... Phage therapy fell out of fashion with the introduction of antibiotics, but the field is currently undergoing...antibiotic-resistant bacteria (Figure 2). The first phage introduced is lysogenic, integrating into the bacterial ...lytic phage-resistant. When the lytic phage is introduced, it targets only the bacteria that are antibiotic...gain resistance to a lytic phage through the introduction of a crRNA (shown in blue). Infection with the...Bacterial Genome Engineering Treating Muscular Dystrophy with CRISPR Gene Editing Using CRISPR to Edit ...

...! The team used other molecular techniques to introduce time modulation of the TEV cleavage and improve...dCas-KRAB activator and the dCas-VPR repressor are introduced into the hPSC genome using AAV1 and contain an...Find the plasmids at Addgene! CRISPR RNP electroporation and AAV donor infection (CRISPR-READI) enables...new tool for synthetic biology uses CRISPRi to control gene expression. This includes a CRISPRi-based ...affinity), as well as GRAB_NEmut as a negative control. Find the sensors at Addgene! New yellow fluorescence...AAV5 and AAVrg. Find these AAVs at Addgene New controls, biosensor, chemogenetic and optogenetic AAV for...

...unable to reach all regions of the CNS. PHP.B, a neurotropic variant of AAV9, is better than AAV9 at gaining...receptor used by PHP.B viruses. Creating PHP.B, a neurotropic AAV9 variant PHP.B’s specificity for C57BL/6J...CNS transduction and transduces the majority of astrocytes and neurons across multiple CNS regions. PHP....Ly6a seemed the most likely candidate due to its strong linkage to the PHP.B phenotype and its expression...mice strain specific Ly6a SNPs on PHP.B binding in vitro. They found that when LY6A contained C57BL/6J SNPs...PMID: 30819613. Hordeaux, Juliette, et al. "The neurotropic properties of AAV-PHP. B are limited to C57BL...

...New compact, efficient prime editors By Susanna Stroik The Liu lab recently used phage-assisted continuous...limitations and enable impressive editing efficiencies in vitro and in vivo. Incorporating reverse transcriptase... vectors, CreVLPs, and eVLPs for in vivo and in vitro applications.   Figure 2: Modular features... enzyme, Lee and Cheah et al. achieved precise control over when and where the enzyme is active, drastically..., then the other, a dual-enrichment and mass spectrometry workflow identifies proteins bearing both labels...light-regulated LOV-Turbo enables precise spatiotemporal control of proximity labeling in living cells. Nature Methods...

... it is essential to include proper controls. As a positive control, include a sample that is known to ...This method also requires more optimization and controls when developing, as secondary antibodies can also..., purified protein, or a peptide. The positive control will confirm that the procedure is working and ...and should always be included.  For a negative control, include a sample that does not contain the target...where the target is not expressed. The negative control will help you determine if there is non-specific...

...most as cancer cells are amenable to culture in vitro. Virologists too have benefited from the ability... ‘Master’ stock, which can be stored in liquid nitrogen long term, preferably some of these vials will...will be stored in a separate backup liquid nitrogen store to prevent loss from equipment malfunctions. One...also monitor the stock levels you have in liquid nitrogen for your Working and Master stocks of each cell... laboratories to carry our independent quality control for a range of testing, from animal doping to forensics...Thermofisher Guidelines for Maintaining Cultured Cells Invitrogen Cell Culture Basics Guide Abcam Cell Culture ...

...are available to confer greater transcriptional control, assist with proper protein folding, and deal with...Contains mutated lac permease whch allows for linear control of expression F- ompT lon hsdSB (rB- mB-) gal ...polymerase (RNAP) from the bacterial genome under control of the lac repressor, which is inducible by the...cases, some strains carry an additional measure of control such as the pLys plasmid, which suppresses basal...difference being that the latter provides tighter control of basal expression. What if I don't see protein...sources, so fear not—there are a few simple troubleshooting measures that can help get you back on track...

...Emerging Investigators Podcast breakdown Intro Chapter 1 - Introduction to Mark Springel, Olivia Ho-Shing, ... In this episode of the Addgene Podcast, we introduce you to the Journal of Emerging Investigators, an...developing one-on-one mentorship programs. Chapter 6 and Outro - Interview with high school student researchers...basic plasmid biology Use or CRISPR 101 eBook to introduce students to this amazing genome enegineering technology...

...Yeast Prototrophy Kit from Markus Ralser's Lab -  Use this kit to complement unused auxotrophies in Saccharomyces...to a quick (~5 min) Hot Plasmids podcast that introduces you to 4 new plasmid technologies from one of... Plasmid 2: Magneto 2.0 form Ali Guler's Lab - Control neuronal activity with a magnetic field. Listen...strains.  Listen to Our Segment on The Yeast Prototrophy Kit Special thanks to our sound engineer/producer...

..., such as the introduction of heterozygous endogenous epitope tags, or the introduction of dominant mutations... examples from their lab include using AAV to introduce epitope tags into the endogenous alleles of the...2008). They have also used AAV gene editing to introduce naturally occurring cancer-causing mutations into...However, while CRISPR is remarkably effective for introducing non-sequence specific frameshift mutations through...efficiency of AAV-based gene editing via the introduction of a double strand break by using a targeted...

...coverage, mutational efficiency, control over where mutations are introduced, and scalability (see Supplementary...favoring of certain types of mutations, difficulty controlling the rate of mutagenesis, and low throughput. ...mutagenesis PCR that uses mutagenic primers to introduce all desired codon changes (step 1 in the image... high-fidelity Phusion polymerase are used to introduce point mutations into the newly synthesized DNA...Error-Prone PCR”. Methods in Molecular Biology In Vitro Mutagenesis Protocols, pg. 103-109. PubMed PMID:...

...Shine-Delgarno sequences used in this so-called bicistronic design (BCD). The 49 vectors in this kit can ...of varying strengths centered within GFP/RFP bicistronic reporters characterized in Cambray et al., 2013...terminators can be used to precisely tune your polycistronic E. coli expression constructs. Some applications... Living Bacteria Using an Orthogonal Ribosome-Controlled Fluorescent Reporter."ACS chemical biology 11.1...vector that enables protein expression in any in vitro translation system. The gene set was carefully chosen...been used to produced recombinant proteins for in-vitro assays: Koch, Daniel, et al. "A pull-down procedure...

... the strength of the signal in comparison to a control sample. Southern blotting applications range from...causes sickle cell anemia. The mutation happens to destroy a sequence recognized by the restriction enzyme...gels and next-generation sequencing techniques Introduced in 1977, Sanger sequencing, also known as chain-terminating...referred to as sequence DNA as it synthesized by electronically recording fluorescence activity as fluorescently...differences in ion flow caused by the different electrochemical properties of nucleotides (8). Compared to ...sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis." Journal of molecular biology98.3 (1975): ...