...coverage, mutational efficiency, control over where mutations are introduced, and scalability (see Supplementary...favoring of certain types of mutations, difficulty controlling the rate of mutagenesis, and low throughput. ...mutagenesis PCR that uses mutagenic primers to introduce all desired codon changes (step 1 in the image... high-fidelity Phusion polymerase are used to introduce point mutations into the newly synthesized DNA...Error-Prone PCR”. Methods in Molecular Biology In Vitro Mutagenesis Protocols, pg. 103-109. PubMed PMID:...

...A few years ago, researchers introduced what’s been called a major breakthrough in cloning technology...plant model systems. “The cloning is all done in vitro; it’s no different in mouse, human or plants,” explained...of an advanced molecular plant science lab.” Introducing GreenGate As Lohmann and his colleagues describe...describe in the PLoS ONE paper that introduced the kit in December, GreenGate includes the six most frequently... available through Addgene,” Lohmann said. “We strongly believe the free sharing of material is absolutely...

... in a pooled cell population, as mutations with strong phenotypic effects can mask weaker ones. Thus, ... the need for a faster and higher-throughput in vitro approach. Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas...them had not yet been functionally validated. In vitro assay allows first-time functional annotation of...collection to screen individual perturbations in vitro using Ba/F3 and MCF10A cellular models. Ba/F3 and...effect on cell viability compared to a wild-type control. Approximately ~22% of the mutations, however, ...

...and did their best to claim the costume contest trophy. We’ve had teams dressed up as plasmids, Blugene...unilateralis is a fungus that infects ants and controls their behavior. These ants become “zombies” and...their jaws into a leaf, and dies as its muscles atrophy. After the ant’s death, the fungal fruiting bodies...display imitating a moving caterpillar. The worm controls the snail’s behavior, forcing it out of hiding...blood out. Once the blood is depleted, the tongue atrophies and falls off. The louse remains becoming the ...

...afflictions. Elia Di Schiavi - Spinal muscular atrophy Dr. Elia Di Schiavi is a Research Scientist at ...Naples, Italy. His group works on spinal muscular atrophy, a disease in which disruption of the smn1 gene...the smn1 gene is known to cause spinal muscular atrophy, the molecular mechanisms behind the disease are...restore motor neuron function in spinal muscular atrophy patients. Noushin Nabavi - Peritoneal Mesothelioma...of incidence and prevalence of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)." European Journal of Paediatric Neurology...

... The results are then visualized using gel electrophoresis. Surveyor™ and T7E1 have been widely adopted...research setting, but these events could have disastrous health effects in the clinic. NGS-based methods...including Digenome-seq (Kim et al. 2015) for in vitro analysis, IDLV for in vivo detection (Gabriel et...potentially toxic) Digenome Seq 0.1% Cell-free (in vitro) Works across all cell types Must be verified with... background BLESS Not reported Cell-based (in vitro) Can be used on tissue from whole animal models,...most investigators use single cell clones for in vitro CRISPR experiments. The likelihood that a single...

.... Layers of control have also been added to the CRISPR technology to allow time-controlled edits to occur...target can be identified if it isn’t known. If a strong candidate emerges, downstream optimization is performed...generation of knockout cell lines which has made this control step extremely accessible. For example, let’s say...  Susanna Stroik...

...traps can be used as high-throughput screens to introduce reporters throughout an organism’s genome. These...Enhancer traps do not need to be integrated within an intron or exon of a gene, and thus they do not disrupt...splice acceptors. They require insertion into an intron of a gene, where they can be spliced into the gene...Additional resources on Addgene.org Vector database Intro to the Lab Bench Plasmids 101 e-book Additional... Susanna Stroik...

...of input material, cells or tissue, to produce a strong enough signal over background noise. This is not...access to transcriptional regulatory elements is controlled during development using the Drosophila wing ...the target protein. This targeted digestion is controlled by the addition of calcium, which MNase requires...only for a short period of time, thus precisely controlling the amount of cutting and mitigating noise generated...protocol, the most significant being the usage of a strong detergent to permeabilize cells rather than to ...

...ways budding young scholars across Europe get introduced to the cultures and opportunities available to... societies to promote their upcoming events and intro sessions, and give out useful items and information...fairs are also where many future scientists are introduced to the biology and chemistry societies that will... to attend. We thought we’d take some time to introduce you to the idea of the Freshers Fair and some ...Scientific societies like those mentioned above provide strong foundations upon which young scientists can build...

...recombination of bacterial plasmid DNA: electron microscopic analysis of in vitro intramolecular recombination. ...One of the most frequent problems that I help troubleshoot involves viral vectors and plasmids with repeating...testing your prep can save you the headache of troubleshooting failed experiments. Pick the right strain While...backbone.   Ready, set, grow! Our 5 Tips for Troubleshooting Viral Transductions will help with the next...

...are similar to transfections, processes which introduce foreign nucleic acid into cells by any means, ...safety considerations, they aren't dangerous for controlled lab usage. Using viral transductions can offer...selected to perform the transduction with: either retrovirus, lentivirus, adenovirus, or AAV. Then, your desired...integrate into the host genome (lentivirus and retrovirus) while others are non-integrating (adenovirus... Susanna Stroik...

...fluorescent protein reporter under the control of promoters that control cell cycle gene expression.  Additional...genotype the patient and rapidly test the variants in vitro against different drugs and dosages.  Michal Bernach...-up approach will allow me to create a fully controllable and reproducible set up,” Bernach explains. ...containing unstable fluorescent proteins under the control of promoters responsive to water or nutrient levels...

... in the general research community. Phillips Petroleum Company first commercially developed K. phaffii...operates as an obligate aerobe. It’s also a methylotropic yeast, meaning it can utilize methanol as its...peroxisomes are where methanol metabolism occurs in methylotrophic organisms. K. phaffii is an excellent model...and NHEJ is an error-prone pathway frequently introducing frameshift knockout mutations. Thus, if genetic... Susanna Stroik...

...streamline identification. While the Zhang lab controlled their multiplicity of infection so that a single...disease depends on both genetic and expression control systems to mimic illness on a molecular level. ...understand a pathway, or just looking for the best astrocyte differentiation protocol! Ready to try it out...either with or without mCherry and GFP fluorescent controls. Alternatively, you can order individual plasmids...  Susanna Stroik...

... pH. We compared the dry ice-stored samples to controls that were only stored in a -80°C freezer and not...). Before thawing, all the samples were at the control pH of 7.4 as indicated by color (data not shown...thaw. We compared vented and non-vented tubes to controls that were not exposed to dry ice. Does venting...between 0 and 96 hours. We compared these samples to controls that were only stored at -80°C. We then thawed...period of at least 96 hours had the same pH as control tubes that were never stored on dry ice/exposed...

...same correlation, but it wouldn’t be causal. To control for a number of differences between those papers...methodologies, or qualities of research our adjustment controls for them.   So, for example, in 2010, 10 percent...are lots of other factors that could still be controlled for. As an example, plasmid-related areas of ...see such a big difference in citations after controlling for journal. And so, while our quantitative analysis...research tools, computing performance, and randomized control trials in innovation. Visit his website at: http...

...go of the DNA. ABEs are somewhat slow and need a strong Cas9 domain to “hold on” long enough to the DNA...that expresses gene III. Gene III is under the control of a T7 RNA polymerase and cannot be expressed ...the deaminase TadA-7.10 A mutagenesis plasmid controlling the phage mutation rate Phage infection results...editing speed. Created with BioRender.com. Introducing ABE8e - a fast and flexible adenine base editor... activity. To mitigate this drawback, the lab introduced an additional mutation (V106W) into TadA-8e and...

... use amplicons in ITR as we have found this to strongly bias titer. We are also adopting ddPCR, which ...the AAV.PHP.eb for neuron, oligodendrocyte, and astrocyte specificity and would like to get it working in...transfection efficiency when delivering these viruses via retro-orbital vs. tail vein systemic injections? A: We...difference in AAV transduction efficiency between retro-orbital versus tail vein injections.   Q10: Have...labs have tried to transfer PHP.eB's enhanced CNS tropism to other serotypes, but reproducible success remains...

...skills in strong relationship-building and influence. You’ll need a large deal of influence and strong relationship-building...software product management was either. Coming from a strong background of undergraduate research straight to...energized from interacting with others, and have strong communication skills to tailor your message to ... the details, but the developers have it under control. 9:30 AM--Back-to-back meetings. Meet with my boss...