...plasmid are not always the best for others. For example, in our hands we find that a double harvest approach...larger genes such as Cas9. See figure 1 for an example of how changing transfection ratios can affect ... For some transgenes, transfection optimization simply is not enough to get a sufficient titer; this is... volume than with the unconcentrated prep. For example, at Addgene we typically concentrate 100-fold meaning...volumes of lentivirus routinely, you may opt for simply increasing the number of 10 cm2 dishes. While this...available, cost and downstream applications. For example, while the PEG precipitation method is relatively...

... features of the gene intact. Here, we show an example gene targeted for tagging with GFP at the C terminus...interest. For a C-terminal tag, as shown in the example above, we inserted a linker and GFP tag at the ...percent of cases, the stem cell will seek out a template for the repair process. By flooding the cell with...using the introduced donor plasmid as a repair template. This results in the insertion of the GFP tag ...tag precisely where we need it, in this example, at the C-terminus of the gene of interest. To get the molecular...CRISPR/Cas9 (Cas9 protein and the crRNA-tracrRNA complex) and the donor plasmid into the cells we use electroporation...

... or Cas nickase)  a guide RNA that targets the complex of TadA and dCas to the genomic DNA of interest...effect of removing the wild-type TadA from the complex the researchers developed a second set: The ABE8... the team replaced S. pyogenes Cas9 in the ABE complex with PAM-variant Cas9 proteins: the S. pyogenes... ability to use non-standard Cas9 in the ABE8 complexes enables a broader targeting scope for base editing... the corrected cells back to the patients. For example, defects in hemoglobin (𝛽-globin), which cause...that require high DNA editing specificity, for example for potential therapeutic approaches, the authors...

...are often thought of as simple organisms , they have many levels of complexity, especially when trying...learning how to grow and care for the worms. As an example of one of the problems we work collaboratively ...We attempt to deconstruct and understand this complexity using existing C. elegans mutants. For instance...data is freely available, and the collection of samples and sequencing is being organized and funded by...Kittybiome project gives them access to rich and complex microbiome data for analysis. And, well, cats.....

... millions of people die from cancer-related complications each year. Despite these grim statistics, new...cancer, really? While cancer is extraordinarily complex at the molecular level, at the cellular level there...cancer research has focused on picking apart the complex cellular pathways involved in the development of...pathway. Its major appeal is that it enables the simple construction of vectors to study the function of...transcript most commonly found across all TCGA tumor samples is represented, making the results of any such ...biggest challenges facing researchers today is the complexity of the pathways involved in the development of...

...realized how perfectly flat the complex is on this surface”….where the complex is docked on the membrane of...like “Oh,…I didn’t quite appreciate that….” For example, when Tom Steitz was presented with a physical ... close to its reported cleavage site on the complementary DNA strand. And this is why we love working ...cleavage”. Jacob computationally added the non-template strand to the Jinek structure so that the resulting...double-stranded DNA, recognize a PAM sequence, allow the complementary base pairing between the guide RNA and the target...

...though three examples depend on many specific details about the individuals, each example provides a scenario...machine? Let’s walk through a more specific example. Perhaps you and your lab mate are negotiating ... something valuable. Importantly, as the third example shows, the ultimate resolution can involve ideas...your organization. In my non-academic roles, some examples of negotiation have been: A job offer conflicts...explore while also ensuring that my work gets completed? I want my company to pay for me to attend a conference...

...endogenously expressed SCF complex members, an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Finally, when auxin is added...fusion protein with the endogenous CRBN E3 ligase complex which will polyubiquitinate the fusion protein....target protein-of-interest and the CRBN E3 ligase complex leading to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation...acid (IAA), the TIR1 F-box associated E3 ligase complex will ubiquitinate the AID-tagged protein which ...Inducible, reversible system for the rapid and complete degradation of proteins in mammalian cells. Proc...

...allowing very low background level of fluorescence. Examples for such photoactivatable or photoconvertible ... and their emission is green or red light. For example, T-Sapphire, LSSmOrange, and LSSmKate. Fluorescent...sensor), and iGluSnFr (glutamate sensor). More examples of these biosensors can be found at Addgene. ...also is also called Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC). 8 points to keep in mind when choosing...system can excite, and detect the emission. For example, if your microscope has only two lasers, at 488nm...minutes after it is translated to a few hours. For example, superfolder GFP (sfGFP) and mNeonGFP can fold ...

... takes 1-1.5 hours to complete, while this syringe-based method can be completed in 20 to 30 minutes. ... centrifugation. At this point, the plasmid DNA sample can be treated with RNase to remove RNA contamination...directly into a PCR buffer, where DNA or RNA can be amplified. Compared to a commercial magnetic bead-based ...waste footprint. The Zhao and Deng labs developed a simple method for regenerating silica columns that come... reduce the number of spin columns you need to complete your research. Do you know of other nucleic acid...

...major findings and then focusing more on broader implications rather than diving deep into the individual ...carefully chosen for each group and topic. For example, it may be useful to adapt the second version (...stay abreast of current trends in the literature, sampling a breadth of work from a field (perhaps even two...to allow those who could not attend a meeting to simply stay caught up and to allow those who may be interested...get feedback from those who didn’t attend. For example, we got a good bit of early feedback from those...own knowledge of the field. Perhaps interest has simply waned. When attendance slumps below a certain level...

...mediate cleavage rather than the multi-subunit complex employed by class 1 systems. A putative new class 2...nucleases. Using Francisella Cpf1 (FnCpf1), they employed an E. coli plasmid depletion assay to discover...than following it. The Cpf1 crRNA is also much simpler in structure than Cas9’s; only a short stem-loop...CRISPR systems based on Cas9 were thought to be the simplest CRISPR systems and the easiest to adapt to genome...confirmed. To prevent new editing post-HDR, repair templates should remove the PAM sequence. Comparing Cpf1...

...the American Chemical Society (ACS) are just 2 examples of organizations that hold large, annual conferences... in different locations all over the world. But simply attending the conference is usually not enough....doesn’t necessarily mean that you are a future employee of the company. It does, however, offer you an...meetings offering resources for students seeking employment within industry or academia; although the ACS...top. You may also consider visiting any of the employer’s career pages to look for current job postings...phone interview! If you don’t have a particular employer in mind, you may consider starting with indeed.com...

...achieved by simply replacing the product in question. This can solve the problem in a simple way even if...give general experimental guidance, and resolve complaints about products. As you might expect, different...are different names for technical support roles. Examples are Technical Service Representative, Technical...optimize” a particular standard lab protocol. For example, someone may attempt super quick incubation times...steps in order to enhance the OD signals and then complain about high background. In many instances, variations...

...mechanisms behind the cytotoxicity can vary. For example, the popular VSV-G envelope protein causes cells...are differentially inactivated by nonspecific complement mechanisms in serum. Sometimes this is due to...cells that the viral vectors were produced in. For example, production of vesicular stomatitis virus, HIV-...sugars end up in the envelope and are targets for complement-based killing by anti-alphaGal antibodies. The...good at infecting most cells, but not all. For example, LDLR expression in hematopoietic stem cells, T... as described above and is inactivated by the complement system in serum (DePolo et al., 2000). Other ...

...of the viral capsid proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3. Samples of viral preparations are subjected to polyacrylamide...proteins as a fraction of total protein present in the sample is also determined and used to determine purity...shown relative to the total protein present in the sample.   Sterility Viral vector preparations are ...rigorous barcode matching system that follows the sample from the DNA tube all the way to the cleared viral...throughout production, ensuring the identity of each sample from the DNA tube all the way to the viral preparation...Absolute determination of single-stranded and self-complementary adeno-associated viral vector genome titers ...

...specific examples. Instead of saying “I have excellent communication skills” try giving an example, like ...match the job requirements, by giving specific examples of your work and explaining how your experience...pointing to your transferable skills. In the above example, if you don’t have experience with ddPCR, but do...beginning is often the hardest part, here are some examples to get you started! Dear Dr./Professor [last ...strengthened an application. Even so, there were examples of great hires who hadn’t submitted a cover letter...

...Its RNA-guided nature makes CRISPRa much simpler to implement in genome-wide screens over cDNA libraries... Rochester Medical Center. During development, complex genetic programs specify and assemble diverse arrays...genetic underpinnings of these processes has been complicated by the lack of precise genetic tools for modulating... must be screened to identify effective ones. Simplified in vivo delivery using SPH mice CRISPRa has largely...population, as expected. Although this strategy was employed to study neuronal differentiation, it could also...

... The central nervous system (CNS) orchestrates complex processes enabling organisms to control their movements...photostable than GFP. In addition, antibody-based amplification of their signals is weak and increases background...sites for primary antibodies which can be used to amplify the direct smFP signal within sub-cellular structures...used to distinguish highly similar proteins. For example, N-cadherin (cadherin-2) is a postsynaptic cell...super-resolution STORM imaging, and electron microscopy. Sample preparation for these techniques sometimes makes...smFPs retain their ability to be detected after sample preparation better than standard proteins tags ...

...revolutionised the way we apprehend molecular complexes and is still a very useful tool.    Like a guitar...technique, but it is very important to follow some simple rules to avoid common pitfalls and to use it at... These issues can be overcome by choosing a complementary pair of fluorophores. To maximize the FRET signal...especially when you investigate unknown molecular complexes. But it is a parameter that you have to keep in...most efficient approach for your own system. The simplest and the most popular one is the sensitised emission...photobleaching method The acceptor photobleaching method is simple but limited to a single measurement. This method...