...multi-drug resistance are resistant to three or more different classes, or types, of drugs used to treat them...resistance can arise, and has arisen, for many different reasons. Exposure to antibacterial drugs provides...drug to work… if the instructions for treatment aren’t followed closely, you could be doing more harm ...bacteria are resistant to antibiotics and which ones aren't?     This video shows how to perform a Kirby-Bauer...science communication, and public health.     References 1. O'Neill, J. "Tackling drug-resistant infections...

...of veracity of the conclusions drawn. The main difference with the PLOS policy is that access of this data...perhaps similarly impoverished lab) might apply different or novel tools and assumptions to reveal findings...geneticists may track the motion of multiple animals on different occasions via video, generating huge amounts of...albeit unintentional, tendency to work against transparency. This opens science to charges of elitism and...opportunities for research as well as increasing transparency. Thank you to our guest blogger! Jim Woodgett...

...almost at:  100,000 different plasmids available from the repository (currently at 98,276 plasmids as...shared in total (currently at 1,484,507 as of April 8, 2021) 5,000 depositing labs (currently at 4,651 as ...

...dice on a new gRNA in the future! References and Resources References Eva K. Brinkman, Tao Chen, Mario ...your bulk population. This way you can ensure you aren’t looking for a needle in a haystack before going...option, especially if the options outlined above aren’t realistic. Check Out Our Post on Sequencing Options...M, Schönig K, Eckert H, Eschstruth A, Mianné J, Renaud J-B, Schneider-Maunoury S, Shkumatava A, Teboul...

...purified protein at different acid concentrations. Overviews of the pKa values of different fluorescent protein...requires an N-terminal consensus sequence (MG-) and prenylation requires a C-terminal consensus sequence (-CaaX...can follow him on twitter: @joachimgoedhart.   References 1. Zacharias, David A., et al. "Partitioning ...LOV-based reporters for fluorescence imaging." Current opinion in chemical biology 27 (2015): 39-45. PubMed...

...comparable or better than the efficiency of most current CRISPR-based approaches for the generation of knockins...applications that require large gene fusions. The current state-of-the-art in combining the AAV and CRISPR-based..., Georgetown School of Medicine. His research currently focuses on determining the mechanisms and consequences...cohesin gene inactivation in human cancer.     References 1. Russell, David W., and Roll K. Hirata. "Human...vectorization of DSB-mediated gene editing technologies." Current gene therapy 16.3 (2016): 207-219. PubMed PMID:...

...recent research @daria_gift_shch.     References and resources References Shemetov, A.A., Oliinyk, O.S. & ...phytochrome (BphPs) photoreceptors have higher apparent cellular brightness than previously reported widely...the monomeric state of a probe leads to less interference with the oligomeric state of a fusion partner...Proteins: Multiplexing and Optogenetics across Scales. Trends Biotechnol 36, 1230-1243 (2018). Shcherbakova, ...

...delivering scFvs that inhibit HIV.   References and Resources References: Ahmad ZA, Yeap SK, Ali AM, Ho WY...single chain fragment variables (scFvs)? scFvs weren’t developed for another decade when in 1988 they ...additional rounds of screening. Created with Biorender.com.   Some phage display libraries screen antibody... the prevention or treatment of HIV infection. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 10:190–197 . https://doi.org...

...in a wide variety of organisms.  While much of current CRISPR research focuses on its potential applications... region into the plant genome. Created with BioRender.com. In recent years, deaminase-mediated base...agrobacterium-mediated delivery. Summary While different in many of the specifics - promoters used, precise...mediated genome engineering in plants isn’t all that different from how it’s used in other systems. Luckily, ... don’t be afraid to try your hand at CRISPR. References Belhaj K, Chaparro-Garcia A, Kamoun S, Nekrasov...

...Drosophila. Why Brainbow? Brainbow highlights the trend in biology towards single-cell resolution imaging...bottom of this post for a basic synopsis of the differences amongst the Brainbow systems. Pre-Brainbow techniques...controlled by FLP/FRT recombinase. When placed under different promoters, Brainbow and Flpbow can be used to ...strategy described in Karine Loulier, et al. (2014). Currently, Brainbow techniques are also being applied to...2.1 plasmids Brainbow 3.0, 3.1, 3.2 plasmids References: Transgenic strategies for combinatorial expression...

...check out these blog posts.       References and resources References Burry, Richard W. “Controls for ..., you will have a better understanding of the different types of controls and be able to use this information...treatment versus and which are likely just natural differences between individuals. Recommended controls for....  Western blotting When comparing samples in different lanes in a western blot, you’ll need to include...

...register (Fig. 1C below). If attB-attP pairs from different recombinases are overlapping or nested on a register...that enters distinct states when treated with different combinations and orders of two recombinases. ...or strings of parts may be PCR-ed out of their current registers and used to build new registers. The ... register. The purpose of this is to prevent interference between the transcribed gene and its 5’ UTR.... in biocomputing and biological circuits.     References 1. N. Roquet et al., Synthetic recombinase-based...

...their different migration speeds; after running the gel for some duration of time, these differently sized...time required for complete digestion varies for different enzymes. Many companies now sell fast digest enzymes...purification. In gel purification, you use a voltage difference across a gel matrix (usually agarose) to pull...sized pieces will be in different locations and can be cut out of the gel individually. There are a variety...

...“NCBI Site Preferences” box. Once on the Preferences page, navigate to “PubMed Preferences” and click ... that you know how to navigate to the PubMed Preferences and Filters pages, be sure to check out the other...

...He mixed together 10 E. coli strains producing different pigments, and tasked the students to separate ...over 20 years. Previously, the lab used three different species for the challenge, but one species always...Addgene is have the students transform them into different strains of E. coli,” says Westenberg. During the...transformation experiment, he plans to show how different genetic backgrounds of the host strains affect...

...requested plasmid, the number of requested plasmids, or trends of requests over time. Visualizing the data So,...is a great step up, but I needed a way to show different aspects of the data simultaneously. That’s why...dashboards are (i) easy access to important numbers and trends, (ii) user interaction with the data, and (iii)...new data. These features are incorporated in the current dashboard. The dashboard is coded in R Markdown...

...allele is selectable, it can be transferred to a different genetic background via P1 transduction. Plasmid...could be used to move the modification into a different background, if needed. This approach is best suited...our guest blogger, Beth Kenkel Beth Kenkel is currently a research scientist in the Department of Laboratory...science communication and in vitro diagnostics.     References 1. Costantino N, Court DL. Enhanced levels of...Engineering in Bacteria Using Homologous Recombination. Current Protocols in Molecular Biology. 106:V:1.16:1.16.1...

...When you think about going to a scientific conference, you may think about sitting amongst a sea of chairs...ultrasound dyes because these dyes “collapse” at different ultrasound frequencies. Read more about ‘Using...created that produces loads of inspiration for the current and the next generation of microbiologists. If...communication check out these SciComm blog posts. References 1. Bourdeau, Raymond W., et al. "Acoustic reporter...

...numerous cell lines can be generated, each with a different tagged protein of interest, and a universal all-purpose...cells (Bressan et al. 2017; Liang et al. 2017). Current methods of epitope tagging, however, suffer from... achieve 5-30% tag knock-in efficiency across different stem cell types. This has facilitated easy generation...format and tested parallel tag knock-in for 96 different genes in a single go (Figure 3). We were able ...seen daydreaming about sunny days in the UK.   References 1. Bressan RB, Dewari PS, Kalantzaki M, Gangoso...

...mentor. Apparently, a good Jedi does not necessarily an excellent mentor make. Are your current mentors... of a good mentor: Yoda image courtesy of jorenl/Vecteezy.com Helps set concrete goals and ...doesn’t fish for you) Helps identify a Mentee’s strengths and make the most of them Is not threatened by...

...the Addgene repository and their choice of five different serotypes.   Figure 1: The process of... this service.  At launch, we will offer five different serotypes for packaging: AAV1, AAV2, AAV5, AAV8...that this ordering process will look slightly different from our standard process. We’ll walk you through... Preps will be available for request in three different quantities: 10x 100 µL (1 mL), 25x 100 µL (2.5...

...plasmids for expressing different types of rhodopsins and sensors as well as references and links to other ...using both its Addgene ID number as well as the reference for its original publication. To help facilitate... citation that you can put straight into your reference section. Why do this? Not only does citing plasmids...

...eyes to the many different jobs associated with science, especially if the conference is a big multidisciplinary...curious and interdisciplinary.   3. “There are many different ways to succeed – as loner or gregarious;  dictator...leaving academia should present their research at conferences to obtain a “crash-course in all the real life...

...online on Addgene's CRISPR Library Reference page.    References: Genetic Screens in Human Cells Using...as an answer to that question. Additionally, a concurrent Nature Biotechnology article describes the development...GeCKO library, each library has been enriched for different gene targets. These pooled libraries include enrichment...

...general primer design, as well as primer design for different cloning applications. Primer3 and Primer3Plus...calculate how much insert and backbone you need for different types of cloning methods, such as restriction ... any cloning method. You can select from five different insert:backbone ratios. In-Fusion cloning molar...Resources on Addgene.org: Read our Molecular Biology Reference Find molecular biology protocols Browse our protocol...

...tools for your next experiment! References and Resources References Wood, V., et al., Hidden in plain...this many genes are truly dispensable or are the current identification methods missing something? Here ...an endogenous gene. Each trap uses a slightly different approach (described in detail below), but fundamentally...

...compare and analyze any differences between our sequence results and the reference sequences. Using Snapgene...features To align NGS sequencing results with reference sequences To design experiments for further plasmid...Additioinal Resources on Addgene.org Molecular Biology Reference Pages Basic Molecular Biology Protocols Diagnostic...

...but in time I realized its value. My master’s strengthened my critical thinking and problem solving abilities...along a career path in these two fields looks different however. In industry the career ladder is larger...training can prepare you to present your work at conferences, help with manuscript and grant preparation, ...generalist? Working on a variety of projects and in different fields of research is one of the best parts of...

...RepCap plasmid and its products. Created with BioRender.com   Replication (rep) gene The rep gene encodes... proteins. Alternative splicing generates the different C-terminal regions of the Rep proteins. While ...serotypes are responsible for serotype-specific differences in tissue and/or cell type tropism. Introducing... learn more about the AAV transfer plasmid! References: Naso MF, Tomkowicz B, Perry WL III, Strohl ...

...similar purposes, both techniques offer researchers different advantages and limitations.  The four main factors...study. Figure 1: A schematic showing the differences in chemogenetics and optogenetics in a mouse ...manipulated or turned off. In chemogenetics, while different concentrations of ligands can be injected, this... article and sharing their expertise with us. References Urban DJ, Roth BL (2015) DREADDs (Designer Receptors...