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...are used to repeating experiments to confirm their findings. But no scientist wants to repeat an experiment...errors increases. In addition to human error, fragments of DNA from the helper plasmids or the cell genome...serotype of the packaged DNA and look for potential contaminants. The analysis is a 2-step process using Geneious...software looks for and quantifies the presence of recombinants in recombinase-dependent sequences. Recombinase-dependent...powerful tool that can be used to identify DNA contaminants in AAV preparations and provide information ... AAV vectors for your research. Please use the comments section below to let us know if you have any specific...

...cytoskeleton components) and in a FRET-based biosensor for cAMP dynamics. The mGold2 variants significantly...variety of constructs for visualizing cellular components (nucleus, endosomes, lysosome, golgi, ER, inhibitory... Figure 1: Super-resolution imaging of actin filaments with mGold2. Top: TIRF-SIM imaging of COS-7 cells...consider trying mGold2s or mGold2t for your next experiments and see the difference! Find mGold2 plasmids ...transgene-free germline editing in Arabidopsis. Nature Plants, 11(5), 967–976. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477... synapses; however, its modular design allows components to be swapped out, potentially broadening its...

...vectors in the brain and peripheral nervous system presents a special challenge to scientists. What works ...neurons (Figure 1). However, this one set of experiments didn’t provide any information on other important... of the virus to adjacent areas impacted the experiments we wanted to perform. It required a great deal...community concerns AAV vectors are complex biological reagents; many factors, like storage buffers and conditions...conducted to improve our Addgene Data Hub, 76% of respondents indicated they wanted to see more negative data...data they cannot explain, perhaps out of fear it points to flaws or gaps in their technical ability. But...and use this data to guide them in their own experiments. By providing DOIs, this information can be cited...

...lentiviral vectors! Lentiviral vector history and components In the early 1990s, researchers developed viral...and Pol, increasing the number of recombination events necessary to create a replication-competent virus...trial with a lentiviral vector. CD4+ T-cells from patients with HIV-1 were transduced with a lentiviral vector...sequence against the HIV-1 envelope. As of 2013, 65 patients had been treated with this therapy, which lowered...beta-thalassemia. Lentiviral vectors are promising agents for cancer immunotherapy, but this research is ... vectors contain a deletion in the 3’ LTR that prevents aberrant activation of nearby genes. These safer...experiment. Let us know how you use lentivirus in the comments section below! References 1. In vivo gene delivery...

... coli strains producing different pigments, and tasked the students to separate out colonies from each...second quadrant. The process continues until all quadrants are used, hopefully revealing single, isolated...incubation. The challenge is usually successful for the students. “They always get a few isolated colonies. I should...chromoprotein-expressing strains are easily amenable to other experiments to teach other aspects of molecular biology. ... do with the plasmids from Addgene is have the students transform them into different strains of E. coli...

...are going to be there – undergraduate students, rotation students, joining a new lab at any career stage... help clean up and/or make necessary reagents for the experiments. Unlike in lab courses, where everything...double-check you remember where the equipment, reagents, and samples are. Do: Ask your bench mentor if...everything is magically made up by helpful TAs or assistants, and sitting out on the bench waiting for you...with…now”. Ask for feedback so you can make adjustments. This could look like “What are some things I...

...option, try the Biospace career events page. Biospace holds career events all over the country; sometimes... thereof) One of the biggest challenges facing students today is that many graduate and post-doctoral ... development training. Further, even for those students and researchers who do take the initiative to ...obviously important experience, but far too many students and young professionals will never attend a job...which are larger meetings offering resources for students seeking employment within industry or academia...using ResearchGate to see where other graduate students and post-docs from your institution have gone,...

...minutes. While users can’t tangibly see these improvements, you are benefited with reassurance your plasmids...on stories during short periods of time called sprints. The team is mindful of the number of stories we...without impacting the overall work. Each of our sprints is themed and the stories in that sprint relate.... Third party libraries are reusable software components that can be incorporated into software. You can... can think of these libraries as ingredients to a recipe. It’s unrealistic to plant, grow, and harvest...cake depends on how you combine it with other ingredients.  For example, we use a third party library to...over again for every single software today that prints labels. These libraries in turn need to stay up...

...feeling out of their lab, but for many graduate students and postdocs, the people you see in your bay for... a lab. You formulate hypotheses and conduct experiments. You transfer liquids between tubes, look through...office transition? I’ve already provided a few counterpoints to some of the causes of culture shock above...it’s like to be properly onboarded. Most work environments outside of academia provide a formal training...probably because you don't have to worry about experiments taking longer than expected or dealing with unexpected... bring real scientists into schools to provide students with hands-on lab opportunities. You can get your...are there once you start looking for them. Acknowledgements Big thank you to Jessica Welch, Mike Lemieux...

.... This enhanced movement is thought to reflect elements of drug addiction and craving (‘seeking drugs’...approach against drug addiction. Anxiety tests Rodents have a natural preference to stay in dark areas...ones (risky). They also prefer to explore novel environments by initially moving along a wall (protected)...Taking advantage of these characteristic traits, rodents can be used to study anxiety levels in general,... driven by their motivation to explore novel environments, rather than being inhibited by fear/anxiety...test the efficacy of antidepressant treatment in rodents. In this test, an animal is placed into a tank ... of microRNA124a in the hippocampus evokes antidepressants-like effects in rats." Psychoneuroendocrinology...

...it's time to take a look at some of its parts. Elements such as the antibiotic resistance gene and the...polymerase binding site) and operators (response elements). Promoters are about 100 to 1000 base pairs long...RNAP can recognize and bind to specific promoter elements. This means that the promoter present in your ...various eukaryotic cell types (mammalian, yeast, plants, etc) require unique promoters and there is very... other regulatory factors: enhancers, boundary elements, insulators, and silencers; however, some "leakiness...typically include some combination of other promoter elements, and tend to be more tightly regulated. Common...ubiquitin gene Constitutive  Gives high expression in plants. H1 small RNA expression shRNA From the human...

...genome editing in plants While there have been many Cas nucleases developed for plants, it has been difficult...Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE), a consortium aimed to identify functional elements in the human genome...specificity of multiple wild-type and engineered variants of Cas nucleases. In doing so, they also created... toolkit for Cas-mediated genome engineering in plants. Read the paper in bioRxiv Find the plant genome...

...and Harvard. Students also partner with independent career organizations to get the grants and programs...recently appeared in eLife: "A Fair Deal for PhD Students and Postdocs" by Dr. Henry Bourne, Professor Emeritus...proactive role in their non-bench training. Grad students at Washington University founded a successful ... enough. There are still university research departments that have no formal career resources for science...science trainees at all. For grad students and postdocs interested in taking matters into their own hands...

... single enzyme to cut fragments that are very different.” Because the fragments produced will have different... in vitro; it’s no different in mouse, human or plants,” explained Jan Lohmann of Heidelberg University...GreenGate includes the six most frequently used elements in plant expression cassettes: plant promoters...resistance cassettes for selection of transgenic plants. The complete GreenGate toolkit, now available ...required to generate multi-construct transgenic plants. In the most practical terms, what GreenGate can...

...TALEs), with fifteen total variants deposited with Addgene. These variants, including a “miniCRISPR” version...than using more complex protective methods or detergents like CHAPSO, while requiring a lower concentration...RvLEAMshort to the sample before plunge freezing represents a convenient, effective approach to protecting...other viral delivery methods, allowing all the PE components to be delivered in a single package. In a recent...latest work evolves and engineers Bxb1 recombinase variants to optimize PASSIGE efficiency (Pandey et al.,...allowing the team to develop self-silencing CHARM variants that stop their own expression after silencing...

...expression in strains of bacteria that are redox mutants so they have a more oxidizing cytoplasm. expression...intensity of a tagged protein. SunTag has two components: 1) a protein of interest that’s tagged with ...inflammatory therapeutic applications. Antibody fragments such as scFvs are also used for eye diseases, ... Function, and Clinical Prospects of Antibody Fragments. Antibodies 8:28 . https://doi.org/10.3390/antib8020028...Applications of Single Chain Fv (Variable Domain) (scFv) Fragments. Antibodies 2:193–208 . https://doi.org/10.3390... Honegger A, Plückthun A (1998) Antibody scFv fragments without disulfide bonds, made by molecular evolution...Expression System in Producing Antibody Recombinant Fragments. IJMS 21:6324 . https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176324...

...our understanding of biological processes and developments. Model organisms often feature genetic, physiological...candidate for introductory teaching and research environments (Idalia & Bernardo, 2017).  Escherichia...stroke and hypertension (Iannaccone et al., 2009). Rodents have also been routinely used in an array of neuroscience...expected to shed light on human aging pathological developments (Vieira et al., 2019) Besides their ability ...popular tools for studying frogs include egg transplants and microinjections. Injections of mRNAs, for...Addgene’s plasmid collections to help start your experiments! References: Blount, Z. D. (2015). The unexhausted... A., Wells, K. M., & McCusker, C. D. (2019). Advancements to the Axolotl Model for Regeneration and Aging...

... and the linkage of intra- and extracellular environments. Found on nearly every cell in the human body...crucial for their function. With the right research reagents, researchers can measure this conformational change...lab, and IPI — used IPI antibodies and affinity reagents to study the difference in cell morphology changes... teams employed IPI synthetic antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) that bound an amino acid region displayed...containing the αV subunit. Using these affinity reagents, the investigators inhibited other RGD-binding...collaboration and education in protein science, IPI hosts events and training courses on technologies and laboratory... on the IPI website and stay informed on future events by signing up for the IPI newsletter. The collection...

...to the start of another academic year, graduate students and post-docs alike are wondering where the time...tangible research and career goals, and celebrate accomplishments. These techniques are laid out in Vincent et...conversation. Goals and Planning Worksheet: Lists accomplishments, research/professional goals and feedback. ...goals and effort needed to complete them. These documents dictate the subject matter discussed at the meeting...have accomplished. Starting with a recap of accomplishments, from learning new techniques to finally figuring...development - let us know your strategies in the comments section!   References 1. Yearly Planning Meetings...

...are many combinations to choose from for your experiments! Late last year, we hosted our first AAV Education... main takeaways from the paper for designing experiments with AAV: 1. Getting your viral vector into your... nontransgenic animals by using cis regulatory elements such as promoters and enhancers, multicistronic...multicistronic vectors, and post-translational regulatory elements. Examples of these approaches are given in Tables...development of this practical guide by the workshop participants  - a testament to openness and sharing in science...the neuroscience community by sharing not only reagents, but also method information. To complement these...