...same result – uncontrolled movement of the vehicle or, in the case of cancer, uncontrolled cell proliferation... cellular level there is a universal theme - uncontrolled cellular proliferation. We have appreciated ...appreciated for some time the causes of this uncontrolled proliferation, in particular the roles of proto-oncogenes...opposite task, keeping cells from dividing out of control. One may compare the roles of proto-oncogenes and...

...of all distributed plasmids as part of quality control, but does not perform functional tests. The newest...produced from a plasmid in cells. Additionally, in vitro assembly of NgAgo/ssDNA requires incubation at 55...can conveniently transfect/inject cells with in vitro preassembled Cas9/gRNA complexes or with guide RNA...does however rely on cloning into a vector or in vitro synthesis, which could be less desirable if one ...et al. "DNA-guided genome editing using the Natronobacterium gregoryi Argonaute." Nature biotechnology ...

... mutated gene. In a Scientific Reports paper introducing the delivery method in 2014, Manuel Goncalves...include their episomal nature and very efficient introduction of DNA into therapeutically relevant, non-transformed...B-thalassemia, Sickle Cells Disease, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (most widely used... for cancer therapy. Elsevier, pp 39–67 Ding Q, Strong A, Patel KM, Ng S-L, Gosis BS, Regan SN, Cowan ...adenoviral delivery of CRISPR/Cas9. Journal of Controlled Release 298:128–141 . https://doi.org/10.1016...

...drug-resistant population compared to a non-treated control group. In this scenario, gRNAs that are “enriched...future therapeutic targets for diseases causing uncontrolled cell growth, such as cancer. Figure 2...As with any experiment, the use of appropriate controls, multiple replicates and several cell types can...of multiple gRNAs targeting the same gene can be strong evidence that a particular gene is actually important...Titering Your Lentivirus Plasmids 101: NGS Quality Control for Pooled Libraries Find More CRISPR Resources...

...techniques involve the assembly of a circular plasmid in vitro, before transforming it into E. coli for propagation...specifically cuts methylated DNA, so it will selectively destroy the template, but not newly synthesized sequences...protein-coding sequence, or a mutation can be introduced in a gene, while adding a GFP-tag (Figure 3)....unamplifiable’ Check your amplification by gel electrophoresis. In our experience, good amplification after...interested in neuronal signal transduction, and uses electron cryo-microscopy to understand receptor function...

...diseases such as hemophilia, muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy, neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic...life-threatening (cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, muscular dystrophy)? AAV gene therapy started in the mid-90's with...larger transgenes. Unfortunately it has limited tropism in the retina, primarily infecting cells of the...epithelium (RPE). AAVs, on the other hand, have broad tropism in the eye. AAV-2, the first identified serotype...

... create a single polycistronic 15 kb insert. The final construct was then introduced to HeLa cells (Figure...resulting HeLa cells show robust labeling, with strong expression and detection of each fluorophore at...meaning that (in the previous example) one can control whether the third module is added to the 5’ terminus...degree of identity, so not suited to generate polycistronic containing multiple identical polyadenylation...

...now many variations, including many that use auxotrophic rescue genes as reporters and some that repress...example of the former. In this system, histidine-auxotrophic host strains are used to select for binding-dependent...accounted for using appropriate replicates and controls (see Tips below), and by validating leads with...reporter gene activation. Including a prey-only control also provides a baseline level of reporter activation...that are known to bind serves as a good positive control to ensure that your setup works. The last thing...

...generated a series of retroviral vectors expressing tagged dCas9 and guide RNA. The retroviral enChIP system ...requested plasmids for enChIP through Addgene. Retroviral Expression System for enChIP using CRISPR Addgene...Addgene: Your lab recently developed a retroviral enChIP system using CRISPR technology. Can you describe...Associated with an IFNgamma-Responsive Promoter by a Retroviral Expression System for enChIP Using CRISPR. Fujita...

...research. Many other mutations have since been introduced to GFP and new iterations of fluorophores are... Transcription Reporter: Placing GFP under the control of a promoter of interest can be used to effectively...Scientists can use light to detect, measure, and control molecular signals, cells, and groups of cells in...Plasmids of this type may have the GFP under the control of an additional promoter from that of the gene...fate studies. It can also be used, when put under control of promoters of interest, to visualize the developmental...

...development and evolution of histone genes in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, the spiny purple sea urchin. ...that they form including genetic mechanisms that control who a female wants to mate with and if she decides...Lab (@EvoEmbryo) September 24, 2018   Xenopus tropicalis (Gary Gorbsky) This is not a new experimental... pan-arthropod genetic manipulation. The ReMOT control system (Receptor-Mediated Ovary Transduction of...

...editing has quickly become a popular system for in vitro and germline genome editing, but in vivo gene editing...injury markers were not increased compared to a control AAV-GFP. Not only did the AAV-SaCas9-sgRNA constructs... mediates protein trans-splicing, similar to an intron in pre-mRNA splicing. In 2016, Fine et al developed... L, Heidenreich M, Banerjee A, Habib N, Li Y, Trombetta J, Sur M, Zhang F (2014) In vivo interrogation...Toolbox Read about CRISPR enzyme Cpf1 Read our Introduction to AAV Resources on Addgene.org Check out ...

... you’d first introduce your sgRNA sequence into the pTargetF construct and then introduce both plasmids... genome edits but the double strand breaks it introduces makes it difficult to perform two or more integrations...cutting of the plasmid. At this point, subsequent introductions of pTargetF containing another sgRNA targeting...expression which can be unstable and lack precise control over copy number. MUCICAT system contains 4 plasmids...

... situ. As a result, they had to be expressed in vitro before the bacteria were injected, limiting their...toxicity or burden relative to a fluorescent protein control. We also added the toxin-antitoxin stability cassette...visible under both phase contrast microscopy and electron microscopy (Fig. 1b). Gas vesicle expression ...batch-sorted to isolate a polyclonal cell line with strong gas vesicle expression and robustness without chromatin-opening...Biomolecular Tools for Acoustic and Magnetic Imaging and Control of Cellular Function. Biochemistry 56, 5202–5209...

...organisms to control their movements and behavior. These functions and others are controlled by collections...tomography, super-resolution STORM imaging, and electron microscopy. Sample preparation for these techniques... et al. "High-performance probes for light and electron microscopy." Nature methods 12.6 (2015): 568. ...the Addgene Blog Rabies and neuronal tracing Retrograde AAV: Making the journey from axon to nucleus ...

...factors. The episomal vectors are introduced into cells by electroporation. hiPSC colonies are obtained by...to perform cell therapy and to model diseases in vitro. Find stem cell plasmids at Addgene Many sources...Fibroblasts need to be cultured and expanded in vitro for several passages to produce an adequate number... by 10 days after electroporation, most of which are integration-free, karyotypically normal and are able...

...DNA dot blot...Transduction assay...SDS-PAGE...Electron microscopy… Any guesses? That's right... ways...genome-containing viral capsids is typically quantified by electron microscopy of a viral vector solution. Since this... this technique is intensive and requires an electron microscope, it is not routinely performed on all...genome-containing (Figure 1).    Figure 1: Electron micrograph of an Addgene AAV viral vector preparation...Considerations When Using AAVs Addgene's AAV Quality Control Methods Check Out Our Viral Vector Featured Topic...

...axis determined by the researcher, based on their controls. You can usually tell where this point is by looking..., M., & Al-Qahtani, M. (2018). Evaluation of in vitro chondrocytic differentiation: A stem cell research...Minguela Puras, A., Pons, J. A., & Muro, M. (2018). In vitro intracellular IFNγ, IL-17 and IL-10 producing T ..., Li, J., Greiner, D., & Anderson, D. (2015). Neutrophil Responses to Sterile Implant Materials. PloS ...Plasmid-based Recombinant Monoclonal Antibodies Introduction to Antibodies  ...

...easily control the level and spatiotemporal expression of a gene of interest. This type of control over ... (Zuber et al., 2009). By injecting mice with retroviral vectors that harbored different mutations found... modular vectors that can be used to optimally control gene expression in specific cells of the fly (Pfeiffer...using HOTcre, a method that uses heat induction to control the temporal expression of different transgenes...

...beta-barrel structure. Although the beta barrel has no strong affinity for other proteins, it may still block...There are several ways to measure stickiness. In vitro, ultracentrifugation or gel filtration is the most...Avoiding protein over-expression artifacts The introduction of DNA that encodes a fusion protein adds protein...knock-out of the corresponding protein, that is strong evidence that the fusion behaves well. But this...fusion proteins: random insertion of GFP with an in vitro transposition reaction." BMC neuroscience 3.1 (2002...