...producer cell line, such as HEK-293T, production of viral particles, and transduction of a target cell line...re derived from viruses that can infect people, cells, and animals. Some of these viruses are completely...While the virus can still enter (and thus infect) cells, this safety feature prevents the virus from replicating...replicating and spreading in non-target cells, including yourself as the researcher.   Figure 1:... the procedure. Mice move much more quickly than cell cultures do, and tired researchers are accident-...vector carries an shRNA to a gene essential for cellular function, this would also be a higher risk vector...

...proteins that bind an RNA motif of interest in living cells. Challenges with existing RNA-protein interaction...and naturally occurring complexes present in the cell, it can also introduce non-physiological RNA-protein...a short timescale, such as during drug action or cell signaling. Limitations of RaPID Like other BirA*... controls include both scrambled RNA motifs and cells transfected with BirA* protein alone (i.e. no RNA...protein that’s highly expressed in neural progenitor cells. Knock-down of QKI decreased Zika viral RNA levels...2018). RNA–protein interaction detection in living cells. Nature Methods, 15, 207-212. PubMed PMID: 29400715...

...chemically. Enzymatic biotinylation occurs naturally in cells and is the process by which biotin is covalently... Immunosorbent Assay) Southern/Northern blotting Cell surface labelling Attaching polypeptides to a substrate...substrate Flow cytometry/fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) In situ hybridization Methods for...proteins in bacteria, yeast, insect and mammalian cells. Check out Kay et al., 2009 for methods on biotinylating...Application of avidin-biotin technology to improve cell adhesion on nanofibrous matrices.” Journal of Nanobiotechnology...purification of tagged transcription factors in mammalian cells and transgenic mice.” PNAS 100.13 (2003):7480-5....-H., Lee, C.-Y., & Li, P.-C. “Buoyancy-Activated Cell Sorting Using Targeted Biotinylated Albumin Microbubbles...

... of human stem cells when students are not even allowed to manipulate prokaryotic cells? Especially, if...where you need to apply basic molecular biology, cell biology, microbiology, genetic engineering and strategic...could be used to genetically manipulate human stem cells. Then they had 10 minutes to expose their strategy...construct and explain why they selected a certain target cell population. Who is the winner? Ultimately, society...

... of all of the mRNA bound-ribosomes in a cell. When cellular mRNAs are digested with ribonucleases, ribosomes...the effects of 5’ UTR variants in translation of cell cycle protein Emi1, showing that ~80% of transcripts...powerful tools for studying translation in various cell types and physiological states. References 1. Ingolia...imaging the first round of translation from single cells to living animals.” Science 347(6228) (2015): 1367...of Translation of Single mRNA Molecules In Vivo.” Cell 165(4) (2016): 976-89. PMID: 27153498 PMCID: PMC4889334...Regulating translation is key to cellular function, especially during development or stress. With ribosome...explore the complexity of translational control in cellular physiology. Ribosome profiling Ribosome profiling...

... between Cas9 (which causes the breaks) and host cell DNA repair factors (which repair those breaks) makes...example, correcting the allele that causes sickle cell anemia. However, HDR occurs much less frequently...a structure could drive sequence replacement in cells. Targeting three dCas9 molecules to a precisely ...functional Cas9 protein and the targeting guide RNA into cells by electroporation. Results from our lab and others...Highly efficient RNA-guided genome editing in human cells via delivery of purified Cas9 ribonucleoproteins...

... yeast, plant, insect, and mammalian cells, including human cells. piggyBac is biased to integrate at ...is active in vertebrates and integrates in human cells at rates similar to retroviral vectors. The hyperactive...piggyBac has an integration efficiency in human cells similar to retroviral vectors. The hyperactive PB...transposase (hyPB) is ~10-fold more active in mammalian cells compared to the codon-optimized wild-type piggyBac...G/C)TNA. Tol2 can deliver 10-11 kB to mammalian cells without decreased efficiency, with a maximum cargo...and has lower efficiency of integration in human cells than piggyBac and Sleeping Beauty. Minimal Tol2 ... or barcodes. When transposons are delivered to cells or a model organism, they insert into the host’s...

...can be used in bacterial and cell-free expression systems, mammalian cells, yeast, flies, and even plants...transport studies in HEK cells, recombinant protein purification in bacterial cells, and a two-hybrid protein...for synthetic biology applications in bacteria or cell-free systems. The approach is particularly useful...add-on kit and is compatible with E. coli and/or cell-free systems. Protein expression in yeast MoClo ...of expression and integration needed in mammalian cell types, and comes with a large library of common ...protein interaction study in yeast cells. Need more MoClo? Check out Addgene's MoClo Guide! Customizing...Construction of Biological Circuits in Mammalian Cells.” ACS Synthetic Biology, vol. 8, no. 11, American...

... be introduced into host cells, such as bacterial, yeast, or mammalian cells, for antibody production ...Nanobodies and recombinant binders in cell biology. Journal of Cell Biology 209:633–644 . https://doi.org...animals and bleed dates and even clonal hybridoma cell lines can produce more than one mAb (Bradbury et...plasmid or from an integrated sequence in a stable cell line. The genes encode the heavy chain and light...antibody protein binds an antigen. Image from Fvasconcellos.     How are Recombinant Antibodies Made...

...stain the cells that contain this mRNA-riboprobe-antibody complex and, as a result, these cells turn blue...specific cell types or entire organs in planarians. For example, the gene Piwi labels neoblast cells and the...techniques to alter gene expression or to label specific cells, but there are too few resources to teach students... in tissue. This is useful for labeling specific cell types and for viewing how gene expression changes...

...circuits to be deployed out of the laboratory in a cell-free and biosafe format that was stable for up to...possible and submitted our manuscript to the journal Cell just six weeks later. The Zika publication timeline...of Toronto. His research is focused on developing cell-free synthetic biology applications for human health...Virus Using Programmable Biomolecular Components." Cell (2016). PubMed PMID: 27160350. Find Plasmids from...de-novo-designed regulators of gene expression." Cell 159.4 (2014): 925-939. PubMed PMID: 25417166. PubMed...Keith, et al. "Paper-based synthetic gene networks." Cell 159.4 (2014): 940-954. PubMed PMID: 25417167. PubMed...

...Syndrome and Related Disorders. Cell 152:984–996 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.01.038 Guy J, Gan J, ...deliver the precise amount of protein to each brain cell to restore physiological levels. Much research is...repair a gene in a living animal across multiple cell types using a mouse model for a human neurological... that enough wild-type MECP2 is made inside the cells, but this is exciting progress in tackling the root...Resource Center. Researchers can also find links to cell line repositories including patient-derived iPSCs...Modifications in Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Genet 10: . https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene...Neurological Disorder by Programmable RNA Editing. Cell Reports 32:107878 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep...

...Xenopus frog cell lines to develop robust methods for frog gene editing. They edit in a cell line, then ...is the smallest photosynthetic cell in existence, but most abundant cell on earth (twice the human biomass...Hawaiian bobtail squid has an extreme number of nerve cells and an unusually high level of RNA recoding in the...using novel vesicles to efficiently transform these cells which don’t like foreign DNA at all (maybe because...total). Hydra (Celina Juliano) This is a known stem cell and regeneration model. Little bits of hydra can...Mormyridae (Jason Gallant) Weakly electric fish are excellent systems to study for convergent evolution because...

...Generating a no-fuss genetic knockout  Knock-out cells or animals are engineered by introducing Cas9-mediated...transcription by blocking its initiation. In mammalian cells, robust repression requires targeting dCas9 along...study essential genes whose knockout would cause cell lethality. The Krüppel associated box (KRAB) is ...repressing target genes in a variety of species and cell types can be found on Addgene’s website. Activating...activating target genes in a variety of species and cell types can be found on Addgene’s website. ...optimized for expression in different species and cell types including (but not limited to) bacteria, yeast... have delivered Cas9 and a sgRNA to your target cells, it is time to confirm that your target sequence...

...that it appears “newly synthesized” to the cell. Thus, the cell repairs the DNA using the U-containing strand..., which may lead to cell death rather than NHEJ repair, thus removing these cells from the edited population...target modification in primary T cells, making them a promising tool for cell therapy applications. Dual base...relatively low frequency, especially in nondividing cells. Scientists everywhere wistfully imagined being ...editing efficiency, Komor and team wanted to force the cell to use the deaminated DNA strand as a template. ...frequency to above 30% for a variety of targets in human cell lines, with an average indel frequency of only 1.1%...modifications. CRISPR base editing persists through multiple cell divisions, indicating that this method produces ...

...expressing target cells. Any neutralized pseudoviruses would be unable to get into the target cells and this can...disease severity and survival. Cell 184:476-488.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.015 Garcia-Beltran...vaccine-induced humoral immunity. Cell 184:2372-2383.e9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.013 Additional resources...vaccines and allows the virus to gain entry into human cells via human ACE2 receptors. In their assay, the pseudoviruses...

...have become indispensable tools for molecular and cell biologists over the last two decades, but their ...quantum yield, and when transiently expressed in cells, generates much less signal than comparable fluorescent...three luminescent proteins can be used together in cells. As Nano-lanterns are not subject to photobleaching...Nano-lanterns, Takai et al. continuously imaged cells for about 4 hours! The latest enhanced Nano-lanterns... al. “Luminescent proteins for high-speed single-cell and whole-body imaging.” Nat Commun. 3 (2012): 1262...light. Long-term light exposure can also lead to cellular phototoxicity, and experimental success can be...phototoxicity, they successfully imaged multiple subcellular compartments over several minutes using Nano-...

...mammalian cells. Co-expression markers EGFP and PuroR enable sorting and selection of transduced cells. Grant...in the Mammalian Genome. Cell 167:233–247.e17 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.056 Find plasmids...targeted DNA demethylation. Cell Discovery 2: . https://doi.org/10.1038/celldisc.2016.9 Find plasmids from...for targeted cytosine demethylation in mammalian cells. This plasmid is used with pcDNA3.1-MS2-Tet1-CD ...vectors and targeted delivery into hard-to-manipulate cell types. They have also fused LSD1 to x-Cas9(3.7)....modifiers may be more frequently inherited by daughter cells. For example, KRAB induced silencing was transient...enhancers. As the effects of these tools are likely cell type- and context-dependent, it may make sense to...

... require minimal cellular perturbation. Also, this method requires live, intact cells; the sequencing ...Synthetic recombinase-based state machines in living cells” (1), into a more straight-forward, concise explanation... our paper (1), we allowed individual bacterial cells to form colonies on a plate and then we performed..., but more population-wide (as opposed to single-cell) approach is to interrogate state with qPCR. The...sufficient for greater than 50 percent of RSM-containing cells in a population to correctly record each possible... were sufficient for greater than 90 percent of cells to correctly record each possible permuted substring...Synthetic recombinase-based state machines in living cells. Science. 353, aad8559 (2016). PubMed PMID: 27463678...

...attaches to the cell wall of green algae (Soo et al., 2015). There, it divides into two cells. At the same...Vampirovibrio). What’s left of the algae cell is just the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane. Vampirovibrio...biosynthesis in Drosophila melanogaster." Molecular and cellular endocrinology 215.1-2 (2004): 1-10. PubMed PMID...