We narrowed to 809 results for: TES
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TypeBlog PostPublishedMay 11, 2017, 2:30 p.m....or PolyPhen to approach this challenge, using attributes of cancer variants such as evolutionary conservation...have been two huge challenges preventing us from testing this hypothesis: There was no large scale, broadly...whether gene-agnostic bioassays could accurately test for molecular signatures of variant function and...the second major challenge, we developed assays to test large numbers of cancer variants across a large ...
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CRISPR 101: Non-Homologous End Joining
TypeBlog PostPublishedApril 16, 2015, 3:45 p.m....finishes repair of most types of breaks in tens of minutes – an order of magnitude faster than HDR. NHEJ is...paired end complex The paired end complex then ligates compatible DNA ends together, thus repairing the...Aprataxin, Tdp2) that function to make ends better substrates for ligation. Although we do not describe these...vastly reduces breaks and mutations at off-target sites. Christina Mork contributed to the update of this... -
Kiran Musunuru on the Newest TALEN Genome-Editing System
TypeBlog PostPublishedDec. 10, 2013, 3:13 p.m....relevant to the disease in question – cardiomyocytes, adipocytes or neurons, for instance – to see how...Cell Stem Cell paper, for example, we generated hepatocytes to examine the effect of a gene on cholesterol...Musunuru: The CRISPR/Cas9 system is easier to use as testified by the fact that the TALEN kit includes 834 plasmids... -
Deep Dive: qPCR
TypeBlog PostPublishedSept. 29, 2022, 1:15 p.m..... ANOVA, t-test, multiple regression analysis, and non-parametric analogous Wilcoxon tests have all been...variation into your data. Try different types of pipettes and pipetting methods to find what’s most consistent...plate. Compare the CT values within each set of triplicates to understand variation due to technical error...reproducibility’s sake! Fig. 2: Setting up triplicates in multiple configurations can help you identify... -
To Each HIS Own
TypeBlog PostPublishedMarch 2, 2023, 2:15 p.m....then eluted using a high imidazole buffer that outcompetes the interaction between the protein of interest...empirically determined. In addition, some metal ion substrates, such as those containing Co2+, have a lower ...affinity for polyhistidine than more commonly used substrates such as Ni2+ and are therefore more selective... systems, consider using these more selective substrates along with stringent wash conditions. Find ... -
Plasmids 101: The protein expression toolbox
TypeBlog PostPublishedFeb. 16, 2023, 7:05 p.m....those sites can be excised by intentional introduction of the Cre recombinase. This is a time-tested system... yet permanent gene excision. Essentially, LoxP sites are knocked in flanking a gene of interest (or a...system but does require knock-in of the LoxP sites, which is more difficult than a simple knock out. Looking... -
CRISPR 101: Cas9 vs. The Other Cas(s)
TypeBlog PostPublishedDec. 8, 2022, 2:15 p.m.... form a clean DNA break, Cas3 locates its target sequence and initiates single stranded DNA degradation...exist with unique cutting features and evolved PAM sites, making Cas9 an adaptable choice for many genome...Cas12’s primary difference from Cas9 is that it generates staggered breaks, also known as sticky ends. Cas12a... -
Channelrhodopsins with improved light sensitivity for minimally-invasive optogenetics
TypeBlog PostPublishedNov. 3, 2020, 2:15 p.m....allowing an influx of ions into the neuron which generates an action potential (Figure 1). This light-induced...channelrhodopsins to the brain. This delivery route concentrates lots of channelrhodopsins in one region of the...broad transduction of the nervous system which eliminates the need for intracranial injections. When packaged...dopamine is an important neurotransmitter that promotes reward-motivated behavior, if the channelrhodopsins... -
Stabilized Bacterial Promoters: Constant Gene Expression at any Copy Number
TypeBlog PostPublishedSept. 4, 2018, 12:53 p.m....the accumulation of toxic intermediates or the shuttling of the intermediates into other pathways. In cases...of plasmids, the stabilized promoters were also tested in different plasmid backbones that varied in size...gene copy number is affected differently by growth rates when a gene is expressed from a plasmid as opposed... -
RaPID Detection of RNA-protein Interactions
TypeBlog PostPublishedAug. 16, 2018, 12:40 p.m....DNA-protein interactions or to analyze chromatin states (CHIP-seq, FAIRE-seq, Cut & Run) and to detect ...signal at the same time point. E. coli’s BirA* was tested at its optimum 18 hour time point, but one minute...physiological expression levels; however, knock-in of BoxB sites into endogenous DNA sequences could allow one to...Human genetic disease. RaPID can also be used to test how RNA variants associated with human disease affect... -
Giving gRNAs a Facelift - Synthetic and Beyond
TypeBlog PostPublishedOct. 20, 2022, 1:15 p.m....repeat region on its 3’ end. This repeat region associates with the trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA) which...at the same site, is 2’-fluoro (2’-F), which substitutes a fluorine for the hydroxyl group at the 2’ position...coupling several of them together, for example phosphorothioates with 2’-O-methyl modifications, proved more...Addgene’s validated gRNA repository to find pre-tested gRNA sequences for your next CRISPR experiment.... -
Hot Plasmids - March 2020 - base editors, GEVI, MoClo, and optogenetics
TypeBlog PostPublishedMarch 3, 2020, 2:15 p.m....splitting removes any exogenous sequences and regenerates a native peptide bond at the split site. ...to that of a single AAV expressing GFP. The lab tested the base editors in vivo and achieved therapeutically...used in human gene therapy trials. They further tested the base editors by correcting a mutation that ...synthetic biologists to use Type IIS restriction sites to easily assemble multiple DNA fragments. This ... -
Transferable Skills Guide: Cross-team Communication
TypeBlog PostPublishedNov. 21, 2019, 1:53 p.m....these plates now” to a fellow team member. But, at Addgene, we use seven different types of “plates” (Fig... meetings. A lot of our LIMS planning involved “plates,” and our scientists and lab technicians always...information Prescribing an official name to all of our plates, tubes, and racks meant we had fewer errors in ... -
Gendered Innovations: Why Does Sex of the Cell Matter?
TypeBlog PostPublishedJuly 21, 2016, 2:30 p.m....science and engineering. “Fix the Institutions” promotes gender equality in careers through structural ...“Fix the Knowledge” or “gendered innovations” stimulates excellence in science and technology by integrating...combinations of donor/recipient interaction should be tested before being ruled out; there are many factors ...the importance of analyzing sex, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) now requires that sex be included... -
Writing Scientific Manuscripts: Literature Searching, Reading, & Organizing
TypeBlog PostPublishedMay 5, 2015, 3:54 p.m....your search and sorting the results (relevance, dates etc). The links for the titles can generally take...you provide, Google Scholar will send you daily updates with relevant literature. Organizing the literature...margins. If you prefer, printing and hand-writing notes is still possible, but not feasible for every paper... University. She is a fan of photosynthesis and writes about autotrophs and biochemistry on her blog. ... -
Hot Plasmids - October 2020
TypeBlog PostPublishedOct. 13, 2020, 1:15 p.m....requires the much less efficient double stranded templates, rather than the more efficient single-stranded... development, regeneration, and certain disease states. However, it’s difficult to observe the cell cycle... from Eastman et al., 2020. The researchers tested several scenarios from embryo development to myeloid...paralogs. The exon-deletion hybrid gRNA library deletes human alternative cassette exons and disrupts genes... -
Reaching out to China: Canton Nucleic Acids Forum (CNAF) 2015
TypeBlog PostPublishedDec. 1, 2015, 3:30 p.m.... into the city of Guangzhou and see some of the sites. Most fascinating to me was the outdoor market where...tuned for big developments in this field. Nobel Laureates and the ever expanding importance of RNA The second...of Georgia studies the CRISPR/Cas system as it relates to its natural role in prokaryotic immunity to ...phage vectors with CRISPR/cas9 sensitizing gene cassettes. Thse vectors are engineered to replace the drug... -
The Materials Science of Optogenetics Experiments
TypeBlog PostPublishedSept. 17, 2015, 2:30 p.m.... helps to maintain a consistent stream of light. Test your implant by connecting it to a patch cable connected...stimulation only under certain contexts/locations in the test apparatus and thus individual laser stimulation ...channel, Channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2), exists in several states: closed/light receptive, open, closed/light insensitive...length for your specific behavioral apparatus or test but not so excessively long that it becomes tangled... -
3D Printing Meets CRISPR Cas9
TypeBlog PostPublishedOct. 17, 2017, 12:55 p.m.... structure of a protein, based on its atomic coordinates. These wire models were useful in that they not...download a pdb file of the structure’s atomic coordinates, and “open” these structures with molecular viewing...then activate two different endonuclease active sites. Fortunately, there is never just one model of a...gymnastics that this protein must undergo as it interrogates your genome. If you are interested in experiencing... -
Tips for a 1st time AAV user (by a Rookie AAV user)
TypeBlog PostPublishedOct. 23, 2018, 11:49 a.m....digest (the ITRs contain SmaI and XmaI restriction sites). Another way is to transform AAV transfer plasmids...release the virus particles from the cells. Cell lysates are then treated with benzonase immediately before... bit of flexibility since I can store the cell lysates at -80 °C for up to 6 months before purifying the...the physical titer generated by qPCR is useful, I test a few different concentrations of virus, or multiplicity...