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... attend conferences. Depending upon your discipline, there are different types of conferences that you...organizations that hold large, annual conferences. Gordon conferences offer more focused and discipline-specific...researchers do learn MANY transferable skills while working in the lab and by offering advice on areas where...experiences, and several Gordon conferences are held every year in different locations all over the world...that they lack formal training in a variety of transferable skills. At Addgene we've set out to fill this...were so critical to me landing my own position! Conferences One of the single most important things you can...world. But simply attending the conference is usually not enough. How do you stand out from the hundreds ...

...types in the body from otherwise terminally differentiated cells simply by expressing four proteins Oct4... usually I only get to scratch the surface of different fields. This meeting has given me an opportunity...can often take the back burner at scientific conferences. In my nearly 20-year career in science, I have...

...second day of the conference included workshops which were framed in advance by the conference organizing team...the amazing, postdoc-driven Future of Research Conference at Boston University last week.  This fantastic...

... in a nonacademic direction, there are many “transferable” skills you have developed in addition to learning...your favor? Look for opportunities to practice transferable skills in ways that will also enhance your science... concrete things you can do to develop those transferable skills while you are also learning to be an ...colleagues you help will be future advocates and references. Collaborate with another lab, in another field... a committee and do something big like plan a conference Recruit many supporters and mentors that will...skills too. Teach classes Go to workshops and conferences on interviewing, resume writing, and networking... transferable skills...

...repeats (ITRs) are what makes an AAV transfer plasmid an AAV transfer plasmid. ITR sequences are 145 bases...Most AAV transfer plasmids have a promoter, but this element isn’t required when the transfer plasmid ...proteins needed for the virus to replicate,  and the transfer plasmid which contains the viral genome. In today... today’s blog post, we’ll focus on the AAV transfer plasmid and take a look at each of its parts. ... Figure 1: Parts of an AAV transfer plasmid. Parts shown in green are key elements of an AAV plasmid...structure and high GC content, but some companies now offer Sanger sequencing conditions which can read through...species or location. Promoters can also drive different levels of expression. For example, CAG is a strong...

...spending on a conference? One thing to consider is the size of the conference. Large conferences have many...make new relationships than at scientific conferences. Conferences provide the opportunity to meet people...especially when solving problems.  During the conference The conference may start in the airport. If you see ...programs. After the conference Follow up with the new people you met at the conference. If you promised ...overwhelming as far as meeting new people. At large conferences, look for smaller events or meet-ups to connect...sessions that match your interests. I favor small conferences where the attendees stay onsite and eat together...face it, you see enough of them).  Before the conference Make sure you have a business card – even students...

...enzymes and these different Dicer-like enzymes are involved in the biogenesis of different small RNAs (Figure...plants, different dicer-like enzymes (DCL) process the dsRNA into specific types of interfering RNAs. ...that function downstream of DNA, such as RNA interference, can reversibly exert their effect independent...independent of gene copy number. RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved eukaryotic process where approximately...equivalently precise, but each method recovered different genes known to be required for viability (Morgens...subsequent two. Consequently, I will focus on different approaches and considerations present at the first...been extensively used in plant research and many different constructs are available to the community. Each...

...sessions The poster session from conference to conference can be wildly different. There can be no presenter...participants used the conference hashtag after the conference was over. Depending on the conference, organizers ...scientific conferences. Plan your sessions, not your walks between sessions Like many large conferences with...can use to help plan your conference experience.One of the biggest differences: you don't have to build..., requiring you to zoom in to different parts of the poster. Conferences, such as Photonics Online Meetup..., 2020 Final thoughts on virtual conferences Virtual conferences remove many barriers of participation...spend with the conference. “If you want to have the same experience as an on-site conference, you really ...

...is redifferentiated to a different cell type. Transdifferentiation In this process, differentiated adult...reversal of a differentiated cell type to an undifferentiated state and then redifferentiation into the cell...variety of plasmids for differentiation here. Transdifferentiation Dedifferentiation to an intermediate pluripotent...ability to convert a differentiated cell to a different cell type. While transdifferentiation is suited for ...ReprogrammingA differentiated somatic cell reverts back to a pluripotent state, which then proliferates and is... are converted to cells of a different lineage, without dedifferentiating into a pluripotent stage. Cellular...pluripotent state. Redifferentiation - Conversion of the pluripotent cells into differentiated cells of choice...

...scientific network We refer to the process of mentoring within a bin as Horizontal Transfer. This comes from...from horizontal gene transfer, which occurs when bacteria of different evolutionary lineages share genes...Goldschmidt conference, Coastal & Estuarine Research Federation (CERF) Biennial Conference, Gordon Research...Science’s (SACNAS) annual conference all foster mentorship in different but successful ways. Scientific ...Binning Singletons. The sheer scale of a large conference can be intimidating. And it can be exacerbated...other and what to do.  Saved by the Tweet - The conference hashtag I had, however, started a Twitter account...like anyone at a meeting who felt isolated at a conference for any reason was a Singleton. Figure ...

...supporting in-person conference attendance, the award now supports virtual conference attendance. We also...Michael Davidson and Roger Tsien Commemorative Conference Awards. Congratulations to the five winners! ...awards help early career researchers attend a conference of their choice while honoring the late Michael...and highly interactive environment that Janelia offers,” says Aggarwal.In addition to the biosensors, ...hydropersulfide-propagating enzymes 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST) which catalyzes the desulfuration of...an enzyme-bound hydropersulfide that is then transferred to thiol-containing acceptors. These hydropersulfides...redox modification, the MPST hydrosulfide can be transferred to the roGFP2 cysteine thiols and change its ...

...interest. They also “showed that different guide RNAs have different abilities to turn genes on and off..., transformations require electroporation. References & Further Reading: For more information about...

...comes the need for new conference room names. The Addgenie’s favorite conference room naming scheme? Gene...largest conference room at Addgene is named Sonic Hedgehog but this is not a direct reference to the video...community. Not surprising, this is where most of our conference room names originated from. Let’s take a look...Groucho, a transcriptional co-repressor The first conference room, that is actually used as a break room for...diffuses down a concentration gradient exerting a different effect on the developing embryo depending on its...Surprisingly, Sleeping Beauty is not only a princess who suffered a terrible fate when she pricked her finger on...required for spermatogenesis One of our smaller conference rooms is named Cookie Monster. cookie monster...

...optimizing your transfer buffer.  Adjusting the buffer For wet and semi-dry transfers, you can adjust ...methanol concentration in transfer buffer is < 20% Wet transfer Increase transfer time Increase voltage...decrease alcohol in transfer buffer Small proteins: Over-transferring Transfer with two membranes...increase alcohol in transfer buffer Mixed proteins: Transferring issues Transfer with two membranes...be under-transferring.  Membrane pore size Membranes come in different pore sizes for different proteins...large.  Transfer method   Wet transfers are more efficient, so if you’re struggling to transfer a large...consider using a wet transfer with a long transfer time. Be aware that the transfer works by electricity...

...There are many different lysis buffers available commercially, and most common buffers have recipes available...Types of transfers Your transfer options are wet, semi-dry, or dry/electroblot. A wet transfer is the most...  Note that each type of transfer requires different equipment. Wet transfers can be done in an insert... while semi-dry transfers require a semi-dry transfer cell. Dry/electroblot transfers only work in the...is typically sufficient.  Lysis buffer When choosing your lysis buffer, consider the subcellular location...and Tris gels run proteins in different patterns, due to their differing chemistries. You therefore cannot... 12% 10–250 kDa Different sizes 4–12% gradient 4–250 kDa Different sizes 4–20% gradient...

...melting profiles (Dwight, 2011).  Reference Genes  Choosing a set of reference genes deserves more attention...attention than it usually receives. Different reference genes have shown to have as much as sixfold variation...Passive Reference Dyes Whatever your pipetting method, some variation will occur. A passive reference dye,...Liu and Saint No Raw Data Reference and target genes can have different efficacies DART-PCR No ...will soon become a qPCR master. References and Resources  References Biassoni R; Raso A. (eds.), Quantitative...mRNA, which can be used as a proxy measure for differences in protein expression. (If you're just getting...assume that qPCR can accurately detect expression differences of twofold or greater with good statistical significance...

... wet transfer system the sandwich is completely submerged in a tank filled with a transfer buffer formulated...systems efficiently transfer a range of protein sizes in minutes without any transfer buffer. These systems...electric current. The wet transfer process is very effective in transferring a broad range of protein ...overnight.  In contrast, a semi-dry transfer only requires enough buffer to saturate the sandwich and typically...validated for immunoblotting. Different immunoassays detect proteins in different states. For example, in immunoprecipitation... other antibody topics. Resources and references References Aydin S (2015) A short history, principles...western, proteins are: (1) separated by size, (2) transferred to a membrane, and  (3) detected using antibodies...

...heterogeneous population, cells behaving differently (e.g. different growth properties, migration abilities... modified cells are transferred into an animal and the behavior of the transferred cells is followed. ...targeting all differentially expressed genes that are known drug targets, or all differentially expressed ...best gRNAs by the depositing lab. The different labs use different algorithms to calculate which would ...were not found in the reference library. It’s not uncommon that genes have different names, and the software...generation sequencing to identify which gRNAs are differentially expressed in the separate groups and, as a ...is not targeted by only one gRNA, instead many different gRNAs are used for each gene. At the moment, 13...

...Addgene blog Plasmid Preps: Different Purity, Different Quantities, Different Uses Plasmids 101: Optimizing...lysis buffer ratio and result in incomplete lysis. You may be able to scale the amount of buffers used ...TakaraBio) offer yeast-plasmid specific kits.  Medium/High-throughput – Many manufacturers offer bead- and...quantity.   Figure 1: Plasmid preps fall into different categories based on their relative qualities and...fairly self explanatory and achieved by performing different sized preps, such as miniprep, midiprep, etc. ...what do we mean by DNA quality? There are a few different issues that can arise during the plasmid purification...which can happen if you leave the sample in a lysis buffer for too long or if you get a little overzealous...

...stable expression of the transgene   Transfer plasmids The transfer plasmid is the vector you clone your...the control of two different promoters. Both the single and dual promoter transfer vectors can be used...genetically modify primary cells. Amongst the different vectors used, lentiviral vector constructs have...background Until the development of viral vectors, gene transfer into mammalian cells often relied on chemical ...These techniques are still used and efficiently transfer plasmid DNA efficiently into dividing immortalized...lines but reach their limits when it comes to transferring DNA into primary cells or non-dividing cells... particle (Gag, Pol, Tat, Rev and Env) and the transfer plasmid encoding the insert of interest as well...