We narrowed to 823 results for: lars

...from their increased salaries. In addition, salary uncertainty may be particularly problematic for two-...were expected to receive salary raises, 6% of postdocs were to have either salaries raised or hours tracked...plans to raise salaries. What are institutions doing after the injunction? We are particularly interested ...requests for their postdoctoral salary information as of December 1st. Salary inconsistencies across geographical...than 40 hours per week could expect to see their salary raised to at least a new legal minimum of $47,476...(FLSA). This was due to the threshold at which salaried workers receive overtime payment for working more...affecting universities' decisions to alter postdoc salaries - in some cases reversing these decisions entirely...

...Understanding intracellular pH regulation is important as pH regulation has roles in many cellular functions... for monitoring cellular dynamics. These fusion proteins have been used as subcellular markers to visualize...Rtn4a-GFP (tubular ER) Microtubules mCherry-alpha-tubulin Early Endosome Vacuolar Compartment...context, they should be expressed at similar levels and under similar conditions as their wild-type counterparts...SunTag system. The SunTag system, named after the "stellar explosion SUperNova", is a synthetic scaffold that...thereby creating a single-molecule reporter of intracellular processes. Multimerization via the SunTag system...available through Addgene and are already very popular. Use these plasmids to increase the brilliance ...

...pH-insensitive, while SEP fluoresces at cellular pH (7.0) but not at vacuolar pH (6.2). The colour of Rosella ...highlight the main features and applications of a partiular plasmid or set of plasmids. We hope that these...Stark and colleagues at the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology have developed an alternative method...altering gene expression are relatively well known, particularly in bacteria, the process of cloning, combining... Integration of Design Automation Research lab Moduclar Cloning (CIDAR MoClo) Parts Kit. This Kit consists...involved in cell signaling pathways that control many cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation...cloning platform called GMAP (Gibson assembly-based modular assembly platform). GMAP is based on the Gibson...

...director of the MSOE center for BioMolecular Modeling and the CEO of 3-D Molecular Designs. Have you ever held...of a protein. The Bender’s popularity was short-lived as powerful molecular graphics packages were soon...educators and students use molecular models?   We created the Center for BioMolecular Modeling (CBM) in 1999... Center for BioMolecular Modeling, we spun off a small, family-run business – 3D Molecular Designs – to...director of the MSOE center for BioMolecular Modeling and the CEO of 3-D Molecular Designs.     Additional Resources... of your favorite protein in your hand? At 3D Molecular Designs, we create physical models of proteins...the models we create are around 30 million times larger than the real thing. Nevertheless, the models are...

...receptors (GPCR) regulate cellular function through multiple intra-cellular signaling cascades. Optical... in the extracellular domain which activates the native signaling cascade of the intracellular part of...have developed many optogenetic tools to control cellular activity with exquisite precision using only light...expressing the optogenetic tool causing a change in cellular activity or gene expression. Experimental output...both the membrane potential and a host of other cellular functions. Photoswitches are engineered molecules...enter the cell with the concentration gradient to depolarize it (Nagel et al., 2003). Inhibitory opsins are...Na+) against the concentration gradient and hyperpolarize the cell (Mattis et al., 2012). Bicistronic ...

...astrocytes and neurons and the molecular foundations of their multicellular interactions. Neuron, 113(16...Micropeptide killswitch for biomolecular condensates By Emily P. Bentley Biomolecular condensates are membraneless...discovered that disruption of the nucleolus — the largest biomolecular condensate in human cells — causes a rare...peptide that caused nucleolar disruption into a general "killswitch" for other biomolecular condensates (Zhang...PinkyCaMP and FRCaMPi Micropeptide killswitch for biomolecular condensates AAV-CRISPRa-engineered fat cells...proteomes (Wu et al., 2025). The team expressed extracellularly-anchored horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in striatal...of astrocytes and neurons (CS SPAN) featured extracellular matrix proteins, cell adhesion molecules, transporters...

... efficiency. Detecting certain cellular changes with an intermolecular probe is often either impractical..., detect cellular processes and signaling cascades, quantify mechanical tension (a molecular “spring”)...the possibilities can seem overwhelming given the large assortment of fluorescent proteins available. Fortunately...plasmids will be most useful for constructing intermolecular FRET probes, where the donor and acceptor fluorophores...fused to two separate proteins. (In contrast, intramolecular FRET probes contain the donor and acceptor ...these biosensors later on). Experiments using intermolecular FRET probes are typically used for studying...proximity of the two proteins can be inferred. Intermolecular FRET can be experimentally difficult to achieve...

...studying other systems in which there is large scale cellular movement throughout an organism. Studying...Patrolling monocytes promote intravascular neutrophil activation and glomerular injury in the acutely inflamed...In complex metazoans, rapid cell division and large scale cell mobility are essential processes during...body. In contrast, these dynamic processes are largely absent in adult organisms, where tissues structures...fluorescent proteins can and have been used to monitor cellular movements in the immune system. The techniques...microscopy from PLoS Pathogens - Kamenyeva et al, 2015. Cellular trafficking studies enabled by fluorescent proteins...organs and visualize how cells interact after a particular stimulus. Using an epifluorescence microscope...

... (FUS), intracorporeal (IC), intracerebroventricular (ICV), intramuscular (IM), intrathecal (IT), and ...to transduce the same cell, can accommodate larger, modular genetic payloads. Since most systemic vectors...S., Siverts, L. A., Larsen, R., Gore, B. B., Szelenyi, E. R., Trader, C., Balaram, P., … Tasic, B. (2021...distributing widely throughout the organism to target large or diffuse biological structures. Of primary interest...brain along with high off-target expression, particularly in the liver, when administered intravenously...Hinderer et al, 2018). The optimal dose for each particular experiment is determined by the capsid and promoter... capsids cross the BBB via interactions with a similar protein called LY6C1. This protein is expressed...

...two appear on an agarose gel at notably higher molecular weights than expected, given the size of the plasmid...observed to occur more frequently in plasmids with large inserts (>7 kb)(Berg et al., 1989), direct repeats...just as well as monomers. However, due to their larger size, multimers may exhibit reduced transformation... & Sherratt, 1984; Summers et al., 1993). These larger plasmids are also maintained at lower copy numbers...monomeric version. However, undigested multimers are larger than monomers and will therefore run higher on ...reads (<300 bp) which cannot distinguish between large repeat sequences within a plasmid, it cannot be ...sequencing. These longer reads are able to detect large repeat sequences within a plasmid and, therefore...

...space. Zebrafish have become a popular model organism because their larval stage lends itself well to studies...to be hyperpolarized. The chloride pump NpHR brings in negative chloride ions which hyperpolarize the cell...studies of neuroscience. The larvae of zebrafish are translucent and allow for noninvasive live imaging... Furthermore, during the first 2 weeks of life, larvae already exhibit distinct behaviors such as spontaneous...positive or more negative.  Neuronal stimulation: Depolarization When the inside of the neuron becomes positive...positive over a certain threshold, it becomes depolarized and will fire a signal. The non-specific cation...both cause ion movement that results in cell depolarization. They therefore function as a neuron “on switch...

...flow”) has emerged as a particularly useful tool for those wishing to run larger panels: five laser spectral...This tool is of particular value when designing a panel.     Figure 3: Similarity index across ...and a low similarity index. In figure 3, we can see that PerCP and PE/Cy5 have a similarity index of 0.87...molecules are added during that particular batch. This can present particular difficulty in unmixing if your...detector to detect one fluorophore and therefore one cellular marker. However, emission spectra of certain fluorophores...fluorophores. This allows for the creation of much larger panels, as fluorophores that cannot be distinguished...you want to use in a given experiment. For very large panels (upwards of 30-40 colors), spectral flow ...

...into the genome, and its large DNA packaging capacity is well suited for larger transgenes. Unfortunately...ongoing. Moving forward with ocular gene therapy The pipeline of AAV-based ocular gene therapies is impressive...genetic diseases such as hemophilia, muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy, neurodegenerative diseases...life-threatening (cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, muscular dystrophy)? AAV gene therapy started in the mid... in the form of Luxturna™. A better vector for ocular gene therapy: Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) While...cells, AAV quickly became the vector of choice for ocular gene therapy. AdV and LV have been used successfully...successfully in preclinical and clinical settings for ocular conditions. However, AdV was abandoned early on...

...mdx Mice With Large Truncated Dystrophins Generated by Recombination Using rAAV6. Molecular Therapy 19:36...Reassembly of fragmented genomes is the key to fitting large genes into AAV First, some history. In 2008, the...reproducing these results and determined that even when larger vector genomes are packaged, the physical size ... the genomes is still ~4.7kb. But despite this, larger functional transgene products were produced following...in mice. This vector transduced ~10% of cells, similar to the transduction rate of a single AAV. Odom ...deliver the mini-dystrophin gene to a mouse model of muscular dystrophy. While mini-dystrophin expression levels... 6 kb mini-dystrophin gene to a mouse model of muscular dystrophy. Three different splice site donor and...

...classification system relies on a combination of sequence similarity, phylogenetic analysis, neighborhood analysis... the same class and type don’t share sequence similarity but are grouped due to mechanisms of action and...completely different! They are merely linked by a similar function. After analysis, CRISPR classifications...nearly 100% in archaea, though Class 1 remains largely underutilized compared to Class 2. Class 1 Despite...incredible abundance, Class 1 CRISPR systems are less popular in the lab. This can be attributed to the multi-Cas... ensure every unit of the complex expresses at similar levels. It was only recently that researchers began... type of CRISPR overall. Type I systems degrade large sections of DNA thanks to the dual action power ...

...diffusing in the extracellular space; they also have low immunogenicity and cellular toxicity. AAV vectors...brain’s function is knowing its architecture, in particular the connections between different brain regions...brain tissue is injected with compounds that intracellularly spread away from the site of application and...Schmued and Fallon, 1986) are used. To facilitate cellular uptake of these dyes in vivo, microinjection, ...but these methods can have a negative impact on cellular health. Another limitation of traditional tracing...using these viruses to mark neuronal connectivity a large majority of neuronal cells are labeled overtime ...also others including pseudorabies virus type 1, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV; Beier et al., 2011), adenovirus...

...viability. Unlike intracellular labeling, dye staining can be done on live cells. For cellular proliferation... epitopes of interest that are found in the extracellular space. The targeted epitopes can be motifs within... glycosylation patterns. Surface labeling is particularly useful for classifying and sorting cells by ...technique that combines a marker with a signal. For clarity, Addgene uses 'labeling' to refer to antibodies...commonly used in western blotting or ELISAs.  A popular method for indirect labeling employs a primary ...further (non-lineage) markers alongside, e.g., for cellular activation. In addition, FACS achieves greater... T cell. Created using biorender.com.   Intracellular labeling Oftentimes, a marker of interest is...

...many postdocs this will lead to a raise in salary, particularly given that this has precipitated increases...institutional responses to the FLSA ruling. Similarly, from purely a salary perspective, while this is a move in...Many thanks to our guest blogger, David T. Riglar. David T Riglar is a postdoc at Harvard Medical School....post was contributed by guest blogger, David T. Riglar Advocating for Science Symposium and Workshop 2016...a joint American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/ FoR Hack Day during which several projects...continue their careers in science-related fields. In particular, two recent events have the potential to influence.... The topic of unionization continues to be a polarizing one. High-profile universities remain outspoken...

... the cellular level, it cannot be used for subcellular analysis such as morphology or subcellular localization...antibodies. It’s also particularly useful for intracellular staining where binding of large immune complexes...sources that allow users to assess a cell’s size, granularity, and target protein composition. It is used for...sheath fluid and transported through tubes or capillaries to a laser. As the cells move through the fluidics...Figure 1).   Figure 1: Cells expressing a particular surface receptor are stained with a fluorescent...information about the relative size of the cell; larger cells produce more FSC. Light that scatters sideways... different colors. This lends flow cytometry particularly well to complex experiments looking at a variety...

... as proxies for a cellular process or directly measure a cellular process. Cellular phenomena such as ...cell!)—ATP. There are biosensors for intracellular, extracellular, and even the ADP:ATP ratio. Most of... measure real-time cellular reactions to stimuli and as well as changes in cellular dynamics during so-called...biosensor is the thing that you care about within your cellular or animal system. This ‘thing’ could be a neurotransmitter... these ions, calcium is by far one of the most popular, with dozens of sensors developed for it. Calcium...These ion sensors can be targeted to different cellular locations or tissues depending on the biology ...of different factors, in different or the same cellular location, all at once! Small molecules What type...