...from another portion. For example, Fab fragments are molecules composed of just the Fab portion of the antibody...between the target and reporter. They have fewer non-specific binding opportunities due to the lack of an...region is the “tail” of the antibody and comprises portions of the constant regions of the two heavy chains...   Figure 1: IgG antibody structure with important features labeled. V = Variable domain. L = Light...used in vivo.     Of course, the lack of an Fc portion means that most of the common anti-IgG secondary...it either needs to be directly conjugated to a reporter or you need a light-chain specific conjugated ...fairly easy to find these in a Fab fragment format. Reporter-conjugated anti-IgG Fab fragments make good secondaries...

... the cytoplasm of dendrites, and only a small proportion were found on the plasma membrane (top panel ...been administered. Although we found a larger proportion on the membrane in mice neurons, most of them...different tag fused to the hM4Di might improve the transport of this DREADD to the plasma membrane. The haemagglutinin...results indicate that the tag protein may have an important influence on the expression of the transgene of.... In our studies, mCherry interfered with the transport to the membrane of the DREADDs. In studies where... (Kimple et al., 2013) could help improve the transport of protein of interest the membrane.   ... use of the HA tag significantly improves the transport of hM4Di to the plasma membrane.   Our studies...

...step. Scorpion chemistry in particular has been reported to work well in the Lightcycler while being relatively...Yes Agarose gel Sunrise primers   Low Reporter and quencher on hairpin structure included in ... temperature should be 60-65°C For qPCR, the important primer variable is the annealing temperature, ...much as sixfold variation in expression levels reported (Biassoni, 2014), so you’ll want to ensure that...tissue types, appropriate reference genes (and supporting data) are often documented in the literature....help you in your execution:  Accuracy is not as important as precision for relative quantification. A consistent...configurations can help you identify pipetting or evaporation errors. And if time allows, you can fit in a ...

...mild symptoms. This changed in January with the report of an outbreak of the virus in Brazil that was ..., and North America. Diagnostics will play an important role in helping to monitor and slow this spread...-ready format when the Zika virus outbreak was reported, and we felt that, given the critical need for...such a short timescale. Our article ultimately reported the development of a rapid design and prototyping...toehold switch-based RNA sensors, our approach uses portions of the pathogen’s genome as unique barcodes to... sensors and constructs encoding corresponding portions of the Zika virus genome with Addgene to facilitate...Find the Zika Sensor Constructs at Addgene As we report, we have embedded this next generation of toehold...

... versions of this reporter to target the K9 (pcDNA3-K9 histone methylation reporter) and K27 (pcDNA3-K27...The K9 reporter uses the HP1 chromodomain to recognise lysine 9 methylation, while the K27 reporter uses... methylation in living cells. Essentially this reporter construct consists of one substrate (the histone-derived...-K27 histone methylation reporter) positions on histone H3, which are known to be involved in repression...methylation of these sites was controlled, the reporter consistently showed significantly different FRET...states. Thus, this system is a reliable tool in reporting methylation status of these sites. This new technology...Alice Y. Ting. "Genetically encoded fluorescent reporters of histone methylation in living cells." Journal...

...supervisor might expect weekly or biweekly progress reports. However, a hands-off busy supervisor might get...update, and whether he or she would like a written report or to meet in person.   Regardless of your supervisor...your own, reach out for help so you can get the support you need. 2) Prepare an agenda for every meeting... This will make it easy for your supervisor to support you. 3) Explain the problem and leave your emotions...solutions that will meet both of your needs. 6) Put important agreements in writing One of the most frequent...from your supervisor. Whenever possible, discuss important issues in person or over the telephone instead... or unresponsive clam), you will probably need support from your colleagues or other supervisors to complete...

...delivery of RNPs is electroporation (A in the figure above), which generates pores in the cell membrane...and gRNA expression       Plasmid DNA may be incorporated into the genome     Off-target effects can ...through a process known as CRISPR-EZ (CRISPR RNP Electroporation of Zygotes) (Chen et al. 2016). For CRISPR ...CRISPR experiments that involve HDR, electroporation can be combined with cell-type specific reagents in a ...a technique known as nucleofection, which forms pores in the nuclear membrane, allowing for entry of a... account with these types of experiments. One important consideration is that the Cas9-gRNA RNP will be...it is likely that the use of RNPs will play an important role in its continued advancement. Andrew Hempstead...

...skills. Why are transferable skills so important? It is important to identify which transferable skills...it just as much in my current role as Customer Support and Operations Manager at Addgene. In this role...belt from your last job. You knock the technical portion of the interview out of the park. It’s clear that... work, and be prepared for new and exciting opportunities. Here are some strategies for identifying your...learning experience. If your first reaction to an opportunity is to say “no, that’s not in my wheelhouse”, ... This came naturally to you. How is this new opportunity much different? Might you already have leadership...work, consider challenging yourself, take the opportunity, and discover if this builds upon a skill you...

...management, we track grant opportunity deadlines, and we ensure that grant reports are submitted and project...for an organization or a program and a funding opportunity coincided, and they stepped up to apply for a...organization’s grant readiness, identify grant opportunities, secure grant awards, and manage grant projects...with significant character limits for the written portion of the grant application. They have increased their... funds.  Grant professionals identify grant opportunities with the highest likelihood of funding and develop...do I become a grant professional? Employment opportunities for those with expertise in grant writing, grant... process, including grant readiness, funding opportunity research, application writing and development...

...protein function and cellular components: It's important to assess how dye-conjugation affects protein ... interpretation of experimental results. It's important to consider how dyes can influence receptor conformation...efficacy of these ligands can be affected by the incorporation of fluorophores, as seen in studies involving...wavelengths for green, red, and far-red dyes is important for intracellular fluorescence live imaging ​​(...from cells under certain conditions, which is an important consideration for assay design (Breen et al., ..., 2016). When selecting dyes, it's important to test them under experimental conditions. Common issues...superior brightness, photostability, and most importantly, a photoswitching ability. This photoswitching...

...the scientific support team at Synthego. Her work centers around educating and supporting novice to expert-level...was contributed by Jessica Roginsky, Scientific Support Lead at Synthego. Article source: Step-by-Step ...this problem. This tool was initially created to support the CRISPR analysis needs of Synthego’s scientists...Knockout score (KO-score) which represents the proportion of cells that have either a frameshift or 21+...other features and functionalities, please email support@synthego.com. Overview of ICE editing analysis ...correlation coefficient (r) is also computed and reported.  The higher the R2 value, the more confident ...be in the ICE score. KO Score - Represents the proportion of cells that have either a frameshift or 21+...

...without a nuclease Although the mechanism of incorporation is not well understood, researchers have been...Russell and Hirata from the University of Washington reported a surprising finding - when delivered via AAV ...with G418-selected clones. However, there are important disadvantages to the AAV-based approach that must...researcher to fill it with the repair template. Bok and Porteus 2017 recently showed that by delivering CRISPR ...of the two AAVs. Using this technique, Bok and Porteus deliver a repair template that would take up ~6.5...~6.5 kB if delivered in a single AAV. They report roughly 40% repair efficiency in the K562 leukemia cell...AAV vector cures haemophilia B mice." Scientific Reports 7.1 (2017): 4159. PubMed PMID: 28646206. PubMed...

...can be. Seek out opportunities to practice and over time you can master this important science skill. .... The happy byproduct might just be a career opportunity. The focus of this article will be talks for...good article at NatureJobs: Interviews: The All-Important Job Talk. 1. Watch other people give great talks...in presenting data. Finally, let me take this opportunity to recommend all the science and career talks...you rather hear it from your peers than a less supportive audience? 7. Hone Your slides Use big images ... time to prepare (and it does take time). For important talks, ask your peer mentors to check your slides...clarity in a big room.  Finally, don’t pass up opportunities to show cool visuals, but don’t overdo the effects...

...although they are reported to have high error rates (10). It is projected that nanopore-based sequencing... similar experimental questions (see below). Importantly, although their role has changed, restriction...lengths because extension is terminated upon the incorporation of a ddNTP. Researchers perform four different...activity as fluorescently labeled nucleotides are incorporated, a method called pyrosequencing. The drive for...sequencing world, one up and coming innovation is nanopore-based DNA sequencing which reads the nucleotides...nucleotides of a DNA strand as it slips through a tiny pore by measuring differences in ion flow caused by the...nucleotides (8). Compared to older technologies nanopore-based DNA sequencing machines are relatively small...

...discussed during the symposium will prove incredibly important to the stability of the biological research enterprise...doctoral degree (or equivalent) and is engaged in a temporary and defined period of mentored advanced training...Stephan’s Talk (All slides can be found here). Importantly, the panel offered some great solutions to these...(the current median postdoc starting salary as reported by Paula Stephan is $40,000) Increase Knowledge...part in boosting awareness of various career opportunities through our career, networking, and management...included:  Write Often Whether you take on opportunities to do some blogging, write reviews, or write...and inclusion The final and possibly the most important panel of the symposium was on diversity in academic...

...ACE) in real-time. The reporter constitutively expresses eGFP to indicate reporter abundance, and mCherry...and N177F mutations). Its excitation maximum is reported as 603 nm, while the emission maximum is 675 nm... ACE system: A versatile in vivo fluorescent reporter for rapid quantification of base-editing and Cas9...editing tools, the Reuben Harris lab has deposited a reporter plasmid that allows for rapid fluorescence-based... out a frame-shift mutation within the mCherry reporter. Quantification of editing efficiencies simply...containing rat APOBEC1. Finally, they show that the ACE reporter can also quantify Cas9 cleavage, thus exhibiting...editing activities. Click here to find the ACE reporter plasmid! Martin et al., Nucleic Acids Research...

...year. Introducing Arabidopsis Arabidopsis is an important model system for research and is used by scientists... to say that most people do not recognize its importance or perhaps even know it exists. Couple that with...from the American Society of Plant Biologists and support from the National Science Foundation, ABRC’s outreach...provide in-depth, ready-to-teach lab protocols and supporting materials such as instructional videos and datasheets...classroom is that staff from the ABRC are here to support you! From questions about growing conditions, to...e-mail and phone to answer questions and provide support. Growing capacity - ABRC outreach today Over the...than create and share resources, we seek out opportunities to engage people in science learning. Whether...

... monoclonal antibodies. It is also important to seek out supportive data on candidate antibodies from ...t always indicate the presence of supportive data. To be supportive, the data must show that the antigen...and/or intracellular labeling (or both). It is important to test for the protocol you intend to use in ...Although the expected location of the target is an important factor in deciding which protocol is likely to...protein, show the same pattern of labeling, this is supportive of their specificity for the protein. A challenge...is the most usual level of evidence supplied to support the suitability of an antibody for its target. ...open science ecosystem. It has received in-kind support to produce this data from commercial antibody manufacturers...

...classes and participating in these is a great way to support your favorite local exercise spot or find something...calling this “physical distancing” since it’s important to stay virtually connected with the people in...PhysicalDistancing. Social interactions and #social support are even more necessary during these times of stress... stress due to #COVIDー19. Receive and provide support while being safe. @GHP_HarvardChan — Shekhar Saxena...testing for COVID-19. You can also give back by supporting local businesses (ex: purchasing a gift card ...career exploration site Inventing Heron has a radio reporter challenge, and code.org has coding tutorials for.... Think about reproducibility best practices Support your future experiments and other researchers by...

...you like the gene to be incorporated into the genome? Some vectors incorporate into the genome randomly...transcription factor important for T cell differentiation (a cell type important for adaptive immune responses... of interest in a plasmid and get the vector incorporated into the germline. To begin this process, you... to generate a transgenic fly There are a few important points to consider when choosing the vector you...affecting the body color of the adult fly). This is important to note so that you know what to look for. Making...pick out flies where your transgene has been incorporated into the germline. Outsourcing the plasmid injections...

...describing a technique that allowed for intentional incorporation of an unnatural amino acid in translation (Noren...natural translation machinery; these are often incorporated into the cells via plasmid. Third, a second ...containing the chosen codon that will result in the incorporation of the non-canonical amino acid at the site ...integrated into the cell’s genome, instead of incorporation via plasmid or media. Theoretically, if you ...will produce a protein with a site specifically incorporated ncAA, ready for you do to any number of experiments... They provide resources, knowledge, and most importantly, validated protocols (using readily available... (1989). A General Method for Site-specific Incorporation of Unnatural Amino Acids into Proteins. Science...

...requires several considerations. First, it is important to establish the type of audience you want to ... your paper to your preferred  journal, it is important to check the journal’s guidelines to authors and...scientific communities. The ARRIVE guidelines for the reporting of laboratory animals during in vivo research ...research and the CARE guidelines for case reports are two sets of guidelines frequently used by editors. Providing...s name and affiliations, and the entire referee report are permanently attached to the published article...and readers are able to comment on the referee reports. If the reviewers suggest that the manuscript requires...article, while the first version and the referee reports remain available online. Open-peer reviewing is...

...interacting proteins. No spatiotemporal control. Many PPI detection methods lack spatiotemporal control or an “... lysate fractionation. Important considerations for Split-BioID It’s important to remember that with Split-BioID...this limitation by creating Split-BioID, a spatiotemporally controllable version of the proximity-dependent...The Split-BioID method Enter Split-BioID, a spatiotemporally controllable version of the BioID protocol... other PPI methods, including BioID, is its spatiotemporal controlled labeling of interacting proteins...proteomics approach to monitor the composition of spatiotemporally defined protein complexes. Nature communications...

...individual libraries can vary significantly, it’s important that we have an amplification protocol developed...and the desired coverage for the library (How important is it that every single plasmid in your library...protocol. Created with BioRender.com.   The most important factor to consider is your desired library coverage...not millions, of plasmids, they are generally electroporated into electrocompetent cells to ensure the highest...chemical transformations is less than that of electroporation, but an advantage is that chemical transformations...protocol, the size of the cuvettes your lab’s electroporator uses, etc. The DNA amount can be anywhere from...DNA in 100 μL of cells over four individual electroporations. The specifics of this can be based on the...

...weekend - why? Do they have an important plans? What is most important to each person? Someone has to...big conference - Is one of those options more important to you and why? What are their expectations/... you. Her feedback on your manuscript is more important to you than collecting your images this week. ...scenario where both people get something valuable. Importantly, as the third example shows, the ultimate resolution... the need to be thoughtful about what is most important to each person. It can especially be difficult... that partner with Addgene. What are the most important issues for our partners and how can Addgene work...differences is a crucial part of understanding what is important to people so that you can approach negotiations...

...in genome target sequence into EGFP reporter. Target DNA reporter system: Can evaluate component delivery...mutation? Do you want to create a fusion with a reporter protein such as GFP? All of these outcomes can...promoter is typically used for gRNA. May contain reporter gene (e.g. GFP) to identify and enrich positive...vector or separate transfer vectors. May contain reporter gene (e.g. GFP) to identify and enrich positive...delivered to target cells using microinjection or electroporation. Transient expression of CRISPR components,...Easy Easy Easy Physical transfection   Electroporation / Nucleofection Microinjection Cells Many...published as CRISPR testing tools: Traffic Light Reporter System: Can evaluate lentiviral component delivery...

...priorities, but many find it helpful to obtain support and ideas from those who seem to be managing. Being... When the balance tips, we need to look to for support and ideas to manage our stress. If you are saying... care, but they need to know that you have an important life too. They will respect you if you show respect...You can handle that, right? Big tip: this is an important topic to discuss and agree on before you get enmeshed...club, meet the neighbors and create a network of support to help with elder care, carpooling, cooking on...decent meal, fold their laundry, take public transportation, call a cab and remember their own school assignments...’ school, and with professional organizations supporting women in science and career development. I try...

..., sharing what works and, equally importantly, what doesn’t. Reports receive a DOI for citation, crediting...available in both trial- and full-size, with assay-supported recommended uses and education content. This work...our commitment to top notch quality service and support.  Alongside our material offerings, in 2022 we...expanding our suite of materials and services to support more research and innovation around the world. ...science to help create new knowledge and research opportunities. I have spent the last 9 months quietly learning...will remain the same is Addgene’s commitment to supporting the research community through sharing science...

...scientist working at an institution where training opportunities weren’t always available. Even more valuable...told this story over a great dinner at Pittypat’s Porch with old and new friends while attending ASM Microbe...Singletons together would provide a structure and support network for people attending large meetings. A ...those who could not participate but provided moral support was invaluable.  Mixing metaphors and scientists...societies and conferences should strive to provide support to early career scientists, students, and those...ALL their members.  Shoutout to our mentors and supporters Thanks to Dr. Amanda L. Gunn  and Dr. Denise ...Singletons is especially grateful to its mentors and supporters during this first year. Mentors Amanda Gunn, ...

...language or another. Supported organisms: This section lists the genomes supported by each tool. The genomes...insights are hard to appreciate without computational support. Indeed, rational sgRNA design is not possible ...for this purpose. This second area is extremely important and given the lack of attention to it, it is an...no longer available), is a simple catalogue of reported sgRNA designs. The second database, CrisprGE (...documentation. Since Hsu et al., 2013, other tools have incorporated new parameters such as the Doench-Root score... interact with the software. This category is important for users wishing to select tools based on their...Matchmaker, it provides a list of terms I think are important to define for the CRISPR software space. It is...

...BioRender.com. Loading controls are even more important for semi-quantitative western blots. No pipetter...in the same lane, and the resulting fraction is reported. Figure 2: Normalization with loading controls...equally strong, so the normalized value simply reports which POI band is stronger. The right gel has exactly...abundance on your membrane, which would be directly reported by band intensity. Researchers use later steps...independent of these other sources of error. It’s important to validate these assumptions for your particular...perturbed by the experiment Unfortunately, multiple reports suggest that common housekeeping proteins are influenced... 2013). To address this source of error, it’s important to determine the linear detection range of all...

...captures the streptavidin portion of the probe via biotin. The fluorescent portion of the probe that is cut... (Specific ​H​igh ​s​ensitivity ​E​nzymatic ​R​eporter un​LOCK​ing) technique Sensitivity: Single molecule...results in fluorescence and this approach can be incorporated into a lateral-flow readout slip that allows...DNA polymerase, recombinase, and the ssDNA-FQ reporters that exhibit fluorescence upon cleavage. Upon ... results in the trans cleavage of the ssDNA-FQ reporter resulting in fluorescence. Cas12a binds all the...results in the continuous cleavage of the ssDNA-FQ reporter. The resulting fluorescence can be observed under...Alejandra, G. C. (2020). An ultrasensitive, rapid, and portable coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 sequence detection method...

... is customer support, but there are eight other teams who still retain a customer support element amongst... your technical skills, can open new career opportunities for you, if you can identify them in yourself...explaining my approach to conflict resolution, it’s important to recognize that there are different types of...or goal. Resolving these types of conflicts is important for the individuals involved, and also for the...responsibilities. Knowing which aspects of customer support each team “owns” is critical for day-to-day operations...That can mean a willingness to make yourself temporarily uncomfortable for the sake of a common good. ...transferring this skill to another job, it will be important to retain the stories and examples that have guided...

...found in your gene of interest) and prevent incorporation of extensive sequences used for cloning into... your research to a variety of experimental opportunities. The plasmids in this kit have been used to ...library by in vivo functional screen." Scientific reports 5 (2015). BIOFAB plasmid set 3000 Series Confronted...are just the tool you need. The plasmids in this portion of the BIOFAB Plasmid Set contain terminators of...strengths centered within GFP/RFP bicistronic reporters characterized in Cambray et al., 2013. These terminators...Helena, et al. "Biosafety of biotechnologically important microalgae: intrinsic suicide switch implementation... an Orthogonal Ribosome-Controlled Fluorescent Reporter."ACS chemical biology 11.1 (2015): 31-37. pCri...

...aligns with your interests. We've outlined some important factors to consider and summarize helpful advice...featured in "9 Tips to Achieve Success in Academia". Important factors to consider when choosing a research project... project After joining a lab, the next important decision to make is “What project will I work on?” In...typically require a diverse set of skills. It is important to know who in the lab and/or what facilities ...principal investigators Tom Ellis highlights the importance of keeping up-to-date with the literature of ...aligns with your dreams. He also highlights the importance of combining “new discoveries or technologies...will be fresh as well.” Don't underestimate the importance of choosing a solid research topic and approach...

... specific research area is not as important as choosing a supportive, positive role model. By contrast...will be more important. In addition, it is crucial that you choose an advisor that will support your growth...selecting a lab with a PI who is a good mentor is important in both cases. As a PhD student you need to learn...growth in your science career. Will you be given opportunities to learn and practice successful grant writing...thinking about a non-academic path, will the PI support this path and help you pursue any career alternative...

...scientists start out in academia, it is especially important for graduate students and postdocs to get a perspective...cushy”—tenured faculty position for the grind of corporate life”.   In fact, there are a lot of good reasons...interesting topics Having strong non-science skills is important for success Must always justify use of resources...can focus on science for science’s sake More opportunity to train and teach students Collaborations may...management conducive to work/life scheduling Diverse opportunities to do science related jobs that require no bench...years is common), but this can also bring new opportunities—projects end and layoffs occur, but good performers...scientists following diverse career paths is an important first step. Developing mentoring relationships...

...collision sport athletes, as well as the ethical and health policy implications arising from sport-related...itself. Several years of exclusively writing lab reports and empirical essays had also stirred some of my...environment. Over time, this interest came to incorporate other facets which occupied my attention, until...coalesced into a research topic on concussion in sport and the public’s perception of head injury risk....possible neurological health risk. Having played the sport my entire life, I was curious as to what the research... to change. Most researchers are aware of the importance of science communication, although the detritus...

... receptors and transporters. The intensity-based Glutamate-Sensing Fluorescent Reporter (iGluSnFR) designed...rates By Mike LacyGlutamate is one of the most important and abundant neurotransmitters, but it is challenging...targeting Glypicans By Ashley Waldron Glypicans are important modulators of cell signaling pathways during embryonic...swapping the homology arms for new targets. And, importantly, they found that moving the RNA untranslated ...fully understand how genes are regulated, it's important to know what proteins interact with each other...optogenetic activator channelrhodopsin-2 or fluorescent reporter dTomato under the control of one of seven enhancers...interneurons in mice. A) AAV expression of dTomato reporter (magenta) under the control of the BiPVe3 enhancer...

...individual types of GPCRs with greater spatial and temporal control than is achieved by traditional pharmacologic...photoswitchable, orthogonal, remotely-tethered ligands (PORTLs). OptoXRs are chimeras of the extracellular domain...change shape with light exposure to activate them. PORTLs use a similar concept, except the ligand is attached...unknown.      Figure 3: Chimeric OptoXR incorporating rhodopsin undergoes a conformational change ...pathway. Photoswitches are great for teasing out important branch points along a signaling cascade that may... activated. Created with BioRender.com.   Important considerations for using optogenetic tools Once...can wreak havoc on your experiments, so it is important to understand the details of how each tool performs...