...should I take to get to work?”; we often make important life decisions without much logic - even choosing... of work and communication before making this important decision. I’ll highlight some of these questions...experience writing, publishing, or discussing career opportunities with the lab head. Former lab members can give... if it is what is best for you. Some of these important questions will be easy to ask the lab head, and... Isolation – including preventing access to opportunities, physical or social isolation, withholding necessary... before answering questions about lab culture. Support for diverse career paths I hope by now you are ...making machine. Choose one that is a true mentor, supporting career development and growth. Have lab alumni...

...efficient. Being in the Boston area, we get many opportunities to learn from other biotech companies at workshops...colors of orange and white. The decor was very contemporary and futuristic with block chairs in the hallway...for Fragmentation System and this is the most important part of this newly released prep kit. In their... Addgene), going to the workshop was a great opportunity because I got to expand my skills and network...questions. As an added bonus, I also got the opportunity to present what I learned to my coworkers back...for the research community, so it is extremely important for us as a company to constantly update our processes...work in the Addgene lab, we don’t often get the opportunity to explore new techniques in our own space. Workshops...

...This is followed by some perhaps surprising, yet important, factors to consider when seeking your dream lab...collected from throughout the year since hiring opportunities arise at various times. If the timing and interests...working habits, personality, and gives them the opportunity to see if the type of science we do fits in with...short-term goals and chat about awesome science. Important factors in the search for a lab Studies show that...is linked to engagement and access to growth opportunities, not salary and benefits. Therefore, lab selection...postdoc. Although the chosen research field is important, the end goal during this time is to be trained...considering this, make sure to choose an advisor that supports both paths – you won't know in year 1 what you...

...plasmid DNA transiently (similar to bacteria) or incorporate the genetic material directly into the genome...not used for general plasmid selection. Instead, reporter genes are often employed to easily monitor transfection...expression levels in the cells. Ideally, the chosen reporter is unique to the cell, is expressed from the plasmid...assess transfection success. GFP is often used as a reporter and we will be covering this ever-versatile fluorophore...population of cells that have fully and successfully incorporated foreign genetic material into their genomes....should be a selective pressure to force cells to incorporate the plasmid DNA into the genome. For the purposes...Before doing a transfection experiment, it is important to determine the proper concentration required...

...antibody isotypes important? To your immune system, an antibody’s isotype is important because it determines...cells that express receptors that recognize the Fc portion of different antibody isotypes. Binding to complement...that helps attack extracellular pathogens.  Transportation of antibodies to places they can’t reach on...region, can be bound by special receptors that transport antibodies through cells and into different body...resources References Janeway CA Jr, Travers P, Walport M, et al. Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health...www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27106/  Janeway CA Jr, Travers P, Walport M, et al. Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health...

...vast network and ability to identify the right opportunities, he was able to bring together talented and ...impact. When she spoke with Teytelman about an opportunity to work with a collaborative group, she also ...connection with Joanne Kamens, Addgene also had the opportunity to contribute to this open science collaboration...was particularly helpful for securing funding to support this effort. The future of reproducibility workshops...Science mini-grant, which will fund a project to support a dedicated website to host all the materials in...network well to seek out valuable and impactful opportunities - There are many brilliant minds out there, ...collaboration is that it is driven by academics, with support of industry partners, not the other way around....

...communicator at the Portuguese science museum "Fábrica Centro Ciência Viva" in Aveiro, Portugal. If cancer was...communicator at the Portuguese science museum "Fábrica Centro Ciência Viva" in Aveiro, Portugal. She is particularly...let’s take a look at exosomes. Proficient in transportation, exosomes are tools of communication and provide...in targeted cells. In this case, exosomes may transport miRNA from drug-resistant cells to sensitive ones..., the microenvironment backstage play just as important of a role if not more.  Many thanks to our guest...

...lab. Granted, I currently work on the Scientific Support Team here at Addgene, so troubleshooting molecular...thesis as it is for helping your team reach an important milestone at work.   While I was in graduate school...problem solving skills’? As a part of the Scientific Support team, much of my day is spent helping to resolve...problem, you might even be expected to write up a report to communicate your findings to your colleagues...work through it. Ask yourself if you missed any important details. Or challenge yourself to think of more...strengths! Research experience presents ample opportunities to practice problem solving skills and learn...that this skillset is a part of your toolkit is important. Paired with your other skills, both technical...

...arrived in 2012, our repository was rapidly able to support sharing of CRISPR constructs and information across...AAV vectors, as well as developing and sharing supportive educational resources. By 2017, we had distributed... the COVID-19 pandemic, and Addgene pivoted to support researchers combatting the virus. Our COVID-19 ...Addgene began to think about how we could expand our support for the research community once more. Our ready-to-use...another plasmid-based product that, with Addgene’s support, could fill a community need for high-quality service...Neuroscience AntiBody Open Resource (NABOR) platform, supported by an NIH BRAIN Initiative. We also created a .... And we look forward to twenty more years of supporting you in your work, your research, and your discoveries...

...dietary origin) that are diffused or actively transported from cells, traverse the body through the bloodstream...comprehensive datasets that collectively address many important and fundamental questions in nuclear receptor ...states, their circadian regulation, as well as in important physiological states such as adipogenesis and ...the development of a vast number expression and reporter plasmids and the free exchange of these vectors...characterization of NRs and coregulators, and although the reporter gene has over the years evolved from chloramphenicol...for a reasonable fee. We at NURSA recognize the importance of this service to the NR research community ...coregulators. We look forward to growing this important relationship with Addgene for the benefit of the...

...Grant writing offers various skill building opportunities that graduate students and postdocs should actively...and potential alternative routes, Provides opportunities to convince others why a project is the best...understand the RFA. The RFA contains all of the important information required for a successful grant application...figure must be clear, concise, meaningful, and supportive of the mission of the application and the funding...motivates the request for application and offers an opportunity to summarize the limitations of current state... to determine the exact value of costs. It is important to be aware of supply costs per year, how many...the point that was being made, take it as an opportunity to make clearer statements on the next round ...

...Calcium is arguably one of the most important metal ions in biology (sodium and potassium are up there..., and an allosteric modulator. Because of its importance, scientists have developed calcium sensors to...GCaMP6 family of sensors are commonly used calcium reporters with different kinetic parameters. There are three...also available. Detection methods Many calcium reporters use a single fluorescent protein (FP), requiring...unwanted variables. Twitch is a FRET-based calcium reporter derived from troponin C. It is engineered with...for in vivo studies) There are several calcium reporters specially designed for the aims and requirements... Sep 20;111(6):1119-31. Rose T, Goltstein PM, Portugues R, Griesbeck O. Putting a finishing touch on GECIs...

...Targeted and specific delivery becomes especially important for studies in neuroscience where specific tissues...neuron need to be targeted. Targeting is also important in the development of therapies when expression...Picking Ligands Picking the right ligand is also important for building a chemogenetic system. Your experiment...cellular response you aim to manipulate. It is important to consider that the same receptor can elicit ...drug that only binds to one receptor, so it is important to fully characterize the compound, or compounds... ligand binding domains. When coupled to the ion pore domain (IPD) of a channel, the PSAM acts as a gating...DREADD-based chemogenetics in mice. Scientific Reports 9: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41088-2 Magnus...

...the fiber optics is probably the least difficult portion of optogenetics (though it does require a significant...materials needed for optogenetics. There are several important considerations with fabrication of the fiber optics...your stimulation. The scatter effect is also an important consideration when preparing the implant itself...will run you about $2-3,000/laser. However, an important caveat is that one laser can stimulate only a ...photons, Chr2 will open but will not be given an opportunity to “reset” and become receptive to light once...wirelessly-controlled optogenetic implants have been reported by several groups [4, 5, 6]. These have the obvious... on optogenetics we’ll delve into some of the important considerations when performing optogenetics behavioral...

...show causality in neural circuits with incredible temporal and spatial precision (I’m not going to discuss...and components necessary to run it? And, most importantly, what are the methodological and experimental...Deciding how you want to use optogenetics The most important question to consider is what exactly do you want...cell type of interest is obviously of critical importance to any optogenetic experiment. There are numerous...of North Carolina) that offer his constructs. Importantly, control viruses (not expressing the opsin) are...for successful optical stimulation.  It is also important to note that some promoters are so robust they...[10]. Unfortunately, opsins are not actively transported and must passively diffuse so, depending on the...

...function improperly. 3. Incorporation into a FRET biosensor A FRET biosensor is a reporter that undergoes a ...Fluorescent Protein (GFP/EGFP) for a transcriptional reporter or as a general cytoplasmic label of cells, there's...FP dimerization. Equally problematic, several reportedly monomeric FPs are not actually monomeric, at ...fusions Transmembrane proteins, i.e. receptors and transporters, are integrated into lipid bilayers. Fusion ...native gels fail to detect EGFP dimerization. Importantly, all of these assays are performed in vitro. ...help you make better fluorescent fusion protein reporters for your studies and greatly lower your chances...

...standby to fall back to? We have outlined some important considerations to help you choose the plasmid ...experiment), but issues with DNA quality can inhibit important reactions like PCR or restriction digests. Transfection...the micrograms scale and up). But perhaps more importantly, the DNA needs to be free of contaminants, such...amount of plastic and packaging material or by incorporating recycled paper and plastic. Aside from the more...reviewed here, NEB’s Monarch®, QIAGEN’s QIAwave, and Milllipore Sigma’s GenElute™ kits were all specifically ...kits Kit Series NEB Monarch QIAGEN QIAwave Millipore Sigma GenElute Reduced waste from kit materials...ordering department for these.  While budget is an important consideration, you do want to make sure you’re...

...academic science; there is most likely abundant opportunity to continue such discussions. Beyond the excitement...spent any time in academia has likely had the opportunity to attend and participate in journal clubs. They...Preparing for the first meeting There are many important pieces before that first meeting takes place to... to ensure success. One of the most important is letting people know it’s happening. Aim for 3-4 weeks...technical dive on single papers could be more important.  Any slides, presentations, recordings, and other...yourself in this situation, considering stopping (temporarily or permanently) the recurring meeting or perhaps...be well planned and carefully organized. Most importantly, they should be regularly assessed for continued...

...a fluorescent emission wavelength in the green portion of the visible spectrum (hence the name), which...maintaining fluorescence. The protein structure, first reported in 1996, is an eleven β-sheet-containing “barrel...solvent. This tightly-packed structure explains the importance of the entire GFP protein, which is almost completely...constructing fluorescent fusions. Transcription Reporter: Placing GFP under the control of a promoter of...a given cell type. This type of transcription reporting was among the earliest uses of GFP. Fluorescence...protein-protein interactions. In this case, two portions of EGFP are fused to the proteins of interest,...micrometastases in nude mice in cancer studies, act as a reporter for DNA double strand break repair, and to label...

...searching the Data Hub's curated collection of reports (which you can filter by serotype, species, or ... significant time and money. For instance, this report shows that anterograde, monosynaptic connections...our AAV Data Hub Challenge recording to see two reports presented by the submitting scientists, learn more...replicates of your experiment* Functional data, if the report describes a functional vector such as a channelrhodopsin...injection site as well as the target region, if the report describes a retrograde serotype An abstract that...experiment clearly and concisely* *required for a DOI. Reports that meet our minimum standards (* above) will ...

...very likely be on a team that supports you when you need it. The opportunity to be creative and think critically...hands-on lab opportunities. You can get your hands in nitrile gloves again! The opportunities are there ...gratifying challenge. You’re also getting the opportunity to learn their “language”, and in doing so you...tips from the Addgene blog. You’ll have the opportunity to discover and evolve your transferable skills...If you approach the transition embracing the opportunity for growth, you can tap into curiosity that led...

...the materials available to many countries, import and export regulations, differing customs processes, ...materials are available to any country that we can export to — so far, we’ve shipped materials from our repository...In China, direct shipments weren’t able to clear import control. Partnering with a distributor allowed ... resources As Addgene built out our scientific support services, we realized that another availability...developed systems to allow for easier access to export-controlled items by streamlining permissions and...expanding our website, we’ve learned about the importance of smaller, systemic changes, like using alt-...

...Neuroscience Community blog to read reports from bloggers at the meeting – my report is currently in the works....I have an important question: How much coffee does it take to fuel more than 30,000 neuroscientists over...community. It has been great to hear all the words of support from scientists using Addgene in their labs. And...scientific community. All of this speaks to the importance of scientific sharing to the neuroscience community... left for you to make the most of this great opportunity – so if you’re running out of energy, then it...

...you could be sharing your research or finding opportunities to bring science to the community.  We touch...relationships to have any possibility of getting those opportunities. Don't wait until you need a job to meet people...Director Career exploration “You can't wait for opportunities to fall in your lap. Sometimes, in order to ...to do the thing you love, you have to create opportunities. If you find yourself asking, "Why doesn't this..., you are in the early stages of creating an opportunity. That's how Addgene was founded. That's how my...misjudging your own abilities and missing out on an opportunity.” - Sophia Cheng, Senior Software Engineer “Searching...

...cerevisiae to human: The important gene co‑expression modules." Biomedical Reports 7.2 (2017): 153-158. PubMed...nervous system. The fly has also emerged as an important human disease model with potential for therapeutic... scientists to easily control the level and spatiotemporal expression of a gene of interest. This type...due to their simplicity, yeast have become an important experimental model in the study of neurological... 1960s, the zebrafish has gradually become an important model organism. They share about 70% of their ...method that uses heat induction to control the temporal expression of different transgenes, the Stainer...

...of Brainbow, Brainbow 3.0 (Cai et al., 2013), incorporates the highly photostable fluorophores mOrange2...default, they are not fluorescent. Instead, they incorporate a truncated, non-fluorescent form of YFP as the... the Confetti mouse (Snippert et al., 2010), a reporter mouse that can be used to track any cell type ...XFP expression in the Ubow mouse Another murine reporter animal, the Ubow mouse (Ghigo et al., 2013), was...overcame the low expression of XFP of Brainbow by incorporating a Tet-Off system to boost XFP expression. The...Tetbow can be introduced in vivo either by electroporation of plasmids, or using AAV vectors. The Imai... lab also developed a version of Tetbow that incorporates chemical tags instead of XFP to optimize it ...

...structure, separate chromosomes during mitosis, support transport of organelles and vesicles, and more. Although...microtubule-cutting sword Microtubules are one of the most important components of the cytoskeleton. They provide cells...demonstrated its use to probe cell mechanics, vesicle transport, and cell division, but given the long list of... what if you’re interested in that other most-important component of the cytoskeleton – actin? Actin dynamics...is not feasible or when the protein of interest supports a variety of processes in different cell types... (Aljiboury et al., 2023). Rab family proteins support vesicle trafficking and organelle dynamics, but...

...the start of every new year, it is a wonderful opportunity to once again reflect on our achievements in ... India, and Brazil. Through an expansion of our export license application service, we’re pleased to announce...by our depositors, used by our requestors, and supported by our repository. You can enjoy these stories...research materials and information. We will pursue opportunities to build on our strengths that have successfully...for the past twenty years while seizing new opportunities to create even greater value for the scientific.... In 2024, we will be actively seeking ways to support a global community where every researcher feels...

...scientists. Many members of the scientific community support open sharing. But, one critical part was missing...universities are showing an unprecedented amount of support about allowing use of plasmids for research by ... Technology Transfer Offices were, at least, temporarily closing, these groups were willing and able to...weeks. As of June 2020, we are happy to have the support of the following organizations to share materials... synthesized approximately 3,000 constructs to support SARS-CoV-2 research.  Browse the entire Ginkgo ...and funding initiatives such as Fast Grants that support us in our mission.  While rapidly expanding our...

...capstone project report and presentation, during the final week at Addgene. This report shared my work ...Coming from an environment with limited opportunities and support, puts into perspective just how much one... hearing her talk about Addgene’s internship opportunity taking place next summer.  I applied to Addgene...to differentiate which clone had successfully incorporated Syntaxin3 into its backbone. Once we had gotten...

...tasked with was creating and sustaining a biweekly report of our social media analytics, something that had... meant I was responsible for establishing a new report and routine across the marketing and content team...a fantastic spreadsheet template to build out a report on. I was able to understand what metrics would...this photo!  Here, I was also given a mixture of support and independence that allowed me to succeed. As...achieved my goal of helping everyone understand the importance of using analytics to make decisions on content...marketing and content teams for their help and support throughout the past six months!...

...enrich and select for cells that had successfully incorporated the desired mutation, and then derive mice from...handling embryos ex vivo, the components can be electroporated into the oviduct of pregnant females, a technique...gRNA, Cas9, and donor oligonucleotide can be electroporated into the mouse zygote (Qin et al., 2015).  ... it a single nucleotide change, insertion of a reporter gene, or replacement of the murine sequence with... microinjectionist, who has the strategically important job of delivering the payload! Last but not least...-Mediated Genome Editing in Mice by Zygote Electroporation of Nuclease. Genetics 200:423–430 . https:/... R (2013) One-Step Generation of Mice Carrying Reporter and Conditional Alleles by CRISPR/Cas-Mediated...

...doing a postdoc few science trainees will have opportunities to work on Emotional Intelligence or to hone...sense of engagement in the work Behind-the-scenes support from their bosses and employers. Availability of...in the goals of the organization and feel the importance of their contributions. Flexible work schedule...of each team member) Need challenging work, opportunities to pursue and problems to solve (I think this...self-directed, but need precise leadership and support from their superiors (beware of not micromanaging...highly mobile and can move to a new workplace if opportunities for learning and personal growth do not exist...

...You've heard it before – it's important for scientists to get out there and talk about their work. To... is cool and why it really matters! There are important societal reasons, self-interested reasons, and...collaborative roles in academia, and that means it’s important to know how to talk about science to everyone ...-doc start? The good news is there are more opportunities than ever before for scientists to communicate...Local science museums are a great place to find opportunities for science outreach. Here in the North Carolina...institutional news office if there might be opportunities to blog or write for them. 10)  If you are serious...

...Cpf1. This tool supports over 250 genomes, and they just released a brand new CRISPOR manual to kick off...evaluating CRISPR technologies, including the ever important on/off-target efficiency. Likewise, the NIST Genome...Genome Editing Other resources and publications CRISPOR gRNA design tool Researchers at the Keystone meeting...meeting had great things to say about CRISPOR, a tool to help you design, pick, and close guides for Cas9...strand annealing (SDSA) and single-strand DNA incorporation (ssDI). "Easi-CRISPR for creating knock-in and...

...machines could potentially be used to report upon and/or engineer “temporally ordered biochemical events” such...Lab at MIT developed plasmid based systems that report the order in which specific chemical inputs are...derived from Zika virus and, upon binding, produce reporter proteins. These toehold switches can be used to...viral replication and transcription as well as reporter genes. To learn how you can use minigenomes in...School describes how AAVs function and indicates important things to consider if you’re getting started with...

...mentoring support we need, and most of us could use more mentors to listen, guide and support us during...mentors don’t need to be more senior or more “important”, they just need to know you well enough to ask...initiate things independently” and “the power or opportunity to act or take charge before others do”. Candidates... State University; Graduate Student Funding Opportunities Open Education Database: 100 Places to Find ... Florida: Training Grants and Other Funding Opportunities L’oreal USA For Women In Science If you have...

...also take negative data, which is equally important to report. We recently published a paper in Frontiers...did you use? For animal subjects it is helpful to report the genetic background and catalog number or RRID...designing your experiment, read our blog post on important considerations when using AAVs. Experimental results...approval from the copyright owner and will have the opportunity to cite the image to give proper attribution.... hub! Related resources on the Addgene blog Important Considerations When Using AAVs Three Key Considerations...

...research studies highlight the importance of taking a break and incorporating EAs into your routine.  Getting...other options. While graduate programs provide support for academic career development, it's often left...unproductive time spent away from the bench, but as an opportunity to expand associations outside of the traditional...on improving and will help reveal potential opportunities beyond academia. Once a profession sounds interesting... EAs allow graduate students and postdocs an opportunity to tailor their career paths for competitive ...

... phenomenon? Exploration can be important, but it is equally important to have a plan to get to mechanism...are your support network, so remember to thank them verbally and often for their love and support. Many...from long periods of training to limited job opportunities in academia - the main reason most people enter...outcome, e.g. where could you publish this and how important is the result? Is there a tractable question ... better writer. First, practice often. Seek opportunities to write manuscript drafts, reviews, cover letters...