...CRISPR cannot be used (e.g. there are no suitable PAM sequences nearby or your gene of interest is difficult...

...Streptococcus canis Cas9 nuclease that has a broad 5′-NNG-3′ PAM. Get the plasmids at Addgene The Human GlycoGene...

... immediately 5’ to a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence. Co-delivery of wild-type Cas9 and a gRNA...

...variants to develop five new base editors with distinct PAM sequences, expanding the number of available target...and confirmed that the fusion protein retained the PAM properties of the individual Cas9. Kim et al. also...

...Staphylococcus lugdunensis that recognizes a NNGG PAM and has comparable activity to SaCas9. A new yeast...

...non-dividing cells. Cas13 enzymes also don’t require a PAM sequence at the target locus, making them more flexible...

...their reverse complements were parsed for spCas9 PAM sites (NGG) and then filtered based on two main criteria...

... these systems: St1Cas9 requires a very specific PAM sequence that limits the number of targetable loci...

...site-directed mutagenesis can be used to mutate the PAM sequence (an NGG sequence critical for Cas9 cleavage...

...., 2015 ). Cas12a however recognizes a different PAM site and generates 5’ and 3’ staggered ends after...

...may evolve resistance to CRISPR therapies through PAM or seed sequence mutations. Multiple gRNAs could ...

...(3.7) is a SpCas9 mutant that exhibits increased PAM flexibility, and this fusion protein allows for LSD1...

...stricter sequence requirement at the terminal 3’ PAM site (Fu et al. 2013; Pattanayak et al. 2013). This...

... to test a variety of Cas enzymes with different PAM requirements and editing abilities, such as base ...

...they also optimized the system by modulating the PAM to further tune efficiency of knockdown and developed...

...-inducible system was able to recognize the same PAM and had similar targeting specificity as full-length...

...Within the editing window -50 to +50 bp from the PAM site, CRISPR-X produces point mutations at a rate...

...Neuromodulators like dopamine and norepinephrine have important functions in the brain but have been ...study alpha2-AR. Selectivity Norepinephrine and dopamine are similar molecules, and cross-reactivity is... increased selectivity for norepinephrine over dopamine. All three sensors, however, did display some ...some reaction to high concentrations of dopamine. This cross reactivity will need to be accounted for in ...

...adventure. Many thanks to our guest writer, Pamela J. Hines, PhD! Pamela J. Hines is a Senior Editor at Science...This post was contributed by guest writer Pamela J. Hines PhD, Senior Editor at Science Magazine. Although...French horn, and rhubarb. Follow her on Twitter @Pam_Hines and LinkedIn. Additional Resources on the Addgene...

...measurements of dopamine (113049, 113050) or norepinephrine (123308). The two dopamine sensors offer different...pAAV-Ef1a-fDIO-GCaMP6s Neurotransmitter sensors: Dopamine and norepinephrine Neuroscience research relies... different levels of apparent dopamine affinity, with 113050 offering high apparent affinity, and 113049...