...NIR FPs can be used similar to GFP-like probes by supplying a single gene to cells. Still in bacteria, ..., which do not produce BV, an additional gene coding for heme oxygenase should be supplied (Baloban et...crosstalk-free three-color imaging with green and red GFP-like FPs (Shcherbakova et al., 2016), as well as ...applications of fluorescent proteins, genetically encoded biosensors, and optogenetic tools. Follow her recent research...-the-art probes, many of which you can find at Addgene. Biliverdin chromophore Near-infrared fluorescent...FPs can be combined with blue-light controlled optogenetics, such as channelrhodopsins and tools based on...reported widely used dimeric iRFPs (Table 1). In general, the monomeric state of a probe leads to less interference...

...ideal for large gene transfer. The M24 promoter provides constitutive, high-level gene expression and ...further customizing gene expression. Sahoo et al. have tested the system with genes up to 4 kb in length...versatile gene expression vector for transient assays as well as stable expression of foreign genes in plants...Scientists have worked to optimize this system for gene transfer, studying the stability of modified Ti plasmids...versatile binary Ti vector for both transient and stable gene expression applications in plants. This smaller,...and many plant scientists want to transfer large genes, smaller binary vectors with a larger cloning capacity.... They also replaced the promoter regulating the gene of interest with a constitutive, robust M24 promoter...

...proteins (FPs) to a yeast gene of interest. These fluorescently tagged genes are expressed under native...sequence and a selectable gene product for isolation of successful transformants. Addgene distributes several...be interested in attaching epitope tags to their genes of interest, allowing for easy capture and detection...modifications in S. Pombe, including full and partial gene deletion, overexpression (by promoter substitution...either the N- or C-terminus (3xHA, 13xMyc, GST, or GFP). Longtine et al.(3) describe a complimentary set...few. Have you used these tools in your own lab? Addgene would love to hear from you, our community, about...

...biosensors To focus on a particular gene or protein, check out our gene-specific biosensors. These constructs...biosensors as an example. Many calcium biosensors include GFP fused to calmodulin (CaM) and the chicken myosin ...Visualization Resources on Addgene.org Find Biosensor Plasmids Find Optogenetics Plasmids Visit the Fluorescent... to the molecule it detects. This change then generates a reporter signal. Reporter signals may be electrochemical... OR enzyme activity. Small molecule biosensors Addgene has many sensors that measure the concentration..., and voltage across membranes. These sensors generally follow the same pattern described above - a sensing...fluorescent molecule   Additional Resources on the Addgene Blog Check out the Rosella Autophagy Sensor Read...

...attach the gene of interest to either the N-or the C-terminus. Even if a researcher’s gene of interest...from Joachim Goedhart: Fluorescent Proteins 101: GFP Fusion Proteins - Making the Right Connection.  ...researchers as we could, and Addgene is a wonderful vehicle for us to do that.” At Addgene, we are equally excited...is available in an easily searchable format on Addgene’s Michael Davidson Fluorescent Protein Collection...collection with over 300 backbones alone,” said Addgene’s Lianna Swanson, who has been working with members...sun, from the standard oldies but goodies (e.g., EGFP and YFP) to the new and improved fruit colors (e.g...the scientific community," says Joanne Kamens, Addgene's Executive Director, "and to promote the great ...

...cells - one containing the gene of interest (pTet-IRES-EGFP, pPRIME-Tet-GFP-FF3) and one with either tTA...the env gene containing the rev response element (RRE), an internal promoter, and the desired gene (transfer...-1 genome containing all viral genes with the exception of the env gene (packaging plasmid), and 3) the...used to express your gene of interest either constitutively or inducibly. If your gene of interest is toxic...expression of your gene. The addition of Dox in the culture will then repress your gene of interest. This... Youichi Suzuki (2011). Gene Regulatable Lentiviral Vector System, Viral Gene Therapy, Dr. Ke Xu (Ed.)...harmful genes into a transfer vector. Lentiviral particles expressing proto-oncogenes or oncogenes for instance...

...blot showing GFP expression in cells that have been transfected with a plasmid encoding GFP. Actin, a common...which come from naturally-occurring immunoglobulin genes, recombinant antibodies are plasmid-based. Their... What is an Antibody? Resources on Addgene.org: Browse Addgene’s Antibody Plasmid Collection Find antibodies...cascades that clear these infections. Anything that generates an antibody response in the immune system is referred...in the DNA of the hybridoma can occur, known as genetic drift, meaning that over time, the antibody you...monoclonal antibodies, recombinant antibodies are a homogeneous population. However, unlike monoclonal antibodies...antigen binding, the variable regions alone can be generated as a fusion protein. An ScFv is made up of the...

...both introduce genes into an organism’s genome (see figure) and to disrupt endogenous genes at the site ...first-generation transposase (as determined by transposition assays of antibiotic-resistance genes conducted...). In their Nature Genetics paper, the lab showed that efficiencies of stable gene transfer using SB100x... the rapid generation of stable transgenic cell lines which can robustly express your gene-of-interest... exciting tool for producing specific genetic mutations and gene disruptions without the use of viral ...transposase enables robust stable gene transfer in vertebrates. Nat Genet. 2009 Jun;41(6):753-61. Epub 2009... et al. A new approach to gene therapy using Sleeping Beauty to genetically modify clinical-grade T cells...

...read-through transcripts of the effector gene. Effector genes, any gene that you want to control the expression...chemical inducers of gene expression (del Valle Rodríguez et al., 2011).  Genetics of SPARC Figure...Learn more about controlling gene expression in flies Resources on Addgene.org Find fluorescent protein...truncated attP sites to control recombination of the gene construct. A predictable number of cells will express...binds to the UAS binding motif, driving downstream gene expression. attP and attB, recombination sites. ...side of a stop cassette, upstream of an effector gene. In cells where the stop cassette is removed during...expression of either a stop cassette or an effector gene. HDVR (2X Hepatitis Delta Virus Ribozyme), a self-cleaving...

...typically include a gene that is advantageous for survival, such as an antibiotic resistance gene. In contrast...the target gene. Vital component for expression vectors: determines which cell types the gene is expressed...scientists use plasmids? Generally, scientists use plasmids to manipulate gene expression in target cells...replication machinery proteins Antibiotic Resistance Gene Allows for selection of plasmid-containing bacteria...MCS is often downstream from a promoter. Insert Gene, promoter or other DNA fragment cloned into the ...obtained. Selectable Marker The antibiotic resistance gene allows for selection in bacteria. However, many ...referred to as “vectors” or “constructs.” To insert a gene of interest into a vector, scientists may utilize...

...CRISPR-Cas9 constructs from Addgene to gene-edit mutations into XP genes and other genes involved in photosensitivity...researchers identified the gene responsible for the disease as ATP1A3. The gene encodes a sodium-potassium...Syndrome, a devastating genetic disease caused by mutations in the OCRL1 gene that leads to the early ...studies on OCRL1 already underway in his lab. The gene appears to play a role in many cell processes involving... learned there was a disease associated with the gene, it piqued their interest. They obtained cells from... University with David Goldstein’s lab, will use GFP-ATP1A3, FLAG-ATP1A3, and ATP1B3 plasmids to explore...McSweeney says they now think that mutations in the gene may prevent neurons from returning to basal conditions...

...this plasmid with your gene of interest, you would replace mCherry with your gene of interest. pBLADEONLY...already have a pBAD33-based plasmid expressing your gene of interest, all you have to do is co-transform ...co-transform pBLADEONLY. That way, a previously cloned gene of interest, under the pBAD promoter, can be controlled...strain transformed with pBLADE expressing superfolder GFP instead of mCherry under the PBAD promoter. They ... Resources on Addgene.org Check out the Molecular Biology Reference Download Addgene's Plasmids 101 eBook...simply more precise. “We show that you have less heterogeneity in the population and you can do all of these...permission.   BLADE is just one of the several optogenetic tools that Di Ventura’s lab and Khammash's lab...

...reporter like GFP, some smaller CRISPR-Cas proteins such as SaCas9, CRISPR gRNAs, or your gene of interest...through this challenging sequence. Transgene The transgene is the gene that will be delivered by the AAV...expression of the AAV transgene. On a plasmid map, promoters are upstream or 5’ of the gene they control. Promoters...plasmid which contains the structural and packaging genes, the adenoviral helper plasmid which contains the...for the successful and specific expression of your gene of interest. References Haery L, Deverman BE, ...Terminal Repeats of Adeno-Associated Virus. Human Gene Therapy Methods 30:206–213 . https://doi.org/10.1089...control transgene expression. Lox sites are directional 34 bp sequences that can flank the transgene and ...

...repression of your target gene, activation and repression of different genes in a single cell, and localization...Favorite Fluorescent Protein Oligomerizes in Cells GFP oligomerization can lead to misleading artefacts ...replication and transcription as well as reporter genes. To learn how you can use minigenomes in your research... them in action. AAV: A Versatile Viral Tool for Gene Expression in Mammals Adeno-associated viruses (... (AAVs) are commonly used to deliver a genes of interest to a variety of cell types in-vivo. These are...localization of a fluorescent signal to your target gene. Read this post to find out more about how the Casilio...are widely used by the optogenetics and chemogenetics communities to activate neurons and neuronal pathways...

...applications used to study gene function. From making transgenic animals, gene targeting and genome modifications...These vectors allow you to test the function of Your Gene Of Interest (YGOI) in a controlled environment under...design. You can create a new strain with a disrupted gene by transforming wild-type yeast with an integrating...using a reporter vector to tag YGOI with lacZ and/or GFP (e.g. pPD80_08) and following the expression pattern...modifications to reporter vectors (e.g. pBV-Luc) and gene silencing (e.g. pLKO.1 - TRC cloning vector). Check...visualize YGOI in vivo (try pcDNA3-EGFP). If you can get away with generating transiently transfected cells... More Plasmid Resources from Addgene: Plasmids 101 blog series Addgene's Molecular Cloning Guide & Other...

...Versatile Tool for Gene Expression in Mammals Additional Resources on Addgene.org Overview of Viral ...pooled libraries. Whether you’d like to knockout a gene, replace it, modulate its expression, or perform...also have lentivirus for delivering control shRNAs, GFP, and rtTA from the Tet-on system. The first two can...while rtTA can be used to activate expression of a gene under the control of the tet operator. AAV AAVs ...associated virus (AAV, primarily chemogenetics tools for now but with optogenetic tools coming soon). The viral...excited that Addgene is now offering virion preparations to the scientific community. Addgene's AAV preparations...posts on the blog and pages on the Addgene website. blog.addgene.org The blog provides tips for working...

...in applying gene technology to bacteria and plants. Her research involves cloning cry genes from the soil...using a bacterial expression system such as the pET GFP LIC cloning vector and the pOKD plasmids. The recombinant... shared mission of both Seeding Labs and Addgene. The Addgene-Seeding Labs plasmid grant is a collaborative...of the Addgene-Seeding Labs Plasmid Grant awardees' projects progress. Subscribe to the Addgene blog for.... Additional Resources on the Addgene Blog Learn More About the Addgene-Seeding Labs Plasmid Grant Check...introduce the 5 scientists who were awarded the Addgene-Seeding Labs Plasmid grant this year. These scientists...plant biology, she coordinates the Network for the Genetic Improvement of Cowpea, a knowledge database for...

...experiment. PITChing MMEJ as an Alternative Route for Gene Editing Michohomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ...PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5495063 Kan et al. use a GFP-BFP conversion system to assess precision genome ...template to increase efficiency of insertion and gene replacement. Care to share your favorite CRISPR ...Blugene and I represented Addgene at the recent Keystone meeting on Precision Genome Editing with Programmable...hopes to evaluate genome editing pipelines and generate a common lexicon for genome editing studies. These...desired edit, and I want to make sure that I (and Addgene) don’t forget this in the future. Here’s a list... to keep current with the latest and greatest! Addgene resources 3 Tips to Improve HDR Efficiency for ...

... (FLAG, Myc, etc.) and fluorescent protein tags (GFP, mCherry, etc.). Fluorescent tags are primarily used...Solubility Enhancer. In P. E. Vaillancourt, E. coli Gene Expression Protocols (Vol. 205, pp. 99–118). Humana...-59259-301-1:99 Resources on Addgene.org Addgene antibodies Addgene’s antibody guide Antibody protocols...having solubility issues!). Need a GST antibody? Addgene has you covered! His His tags, often called polyhistidine...Purification of His fusion proteins from E. coli is generally more straightforward and of a higher purity than...and other qualities of each tag class, they are generally best suited for their primary application. Ready...protocols  Resources on the Addgene blog Plasmids 101: Protein tags Antibodies 101: Epitope tags To Each...

...endocytosis of a fluorescent dye and transduction of GFP-expressing AAV particles we did not observe any difference...during adeno-associated virus manufacturing." Human gene therapy21.10 (2010): 1251-1257. PMID: 20649475. ...have probably heard about Addgene’s viral service but did you know that Addgene also performs independent...101 eBook Additional resources on Addgene.org Learn about Addgene's viral service Learn about viral production...research? Since launching the viral service in 2016 Addgene’s research team has been actively investigating ...PMCID: PMC2957237. Additional resources of the Addgene blog Read our beginner's guide to viral vectors...