We narrowed to 856 results for: IGH@

...Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens are a high-throughput systematic approach for identifying genes involved...alternative to genome-wide RNAi screens, which although highly effective, are affected by low on-target efficacy...unclear if off-target cuts confound the results of high-throughput CRISPR screens. Do short guides (17-...mismatches more distal to the PAM, and 2) guides with high GC content have greater off-target activity. Short... with only a small loss of on-target activity in high-throughput screens. The human and mouse versions...measurement of off-target activity using Cas9 toxicity in high-throughput screens." Nature communications 8 (2017...

...which cuts at NRN PAMs with high efficiency, as well as NYN, but with a slightly lower efficiency. Information...available, it can be difficult to decipher which one is right for your unique experiment. Here, we will introduce...the genome and consider using a Cas9 variant with higher specificity (eSpCas9 and HypaCas9) instead.  Choosing...location and type of edit you need to introduce highly specific? Perhaps you need to introduce a single...choose from within the Cas family if Cas9 isn’t right for your experiment. Keep an eye out for our upcoming...

... advice on areas where you might need some help. Today, we’re highlighting an oft-underlooked transferable...skate as a starting point, their ideas scored 37% higher in originality. It may not be easy to optimize ...truly disagrees with the group (because they will fight more adamantly for their solution), selecting a ...power to change anything. You may not have the highest position or the longest tenure, but don’t let that...

... confirmed that indeed the gRNA-pMB1 had a slightly higher leaky expression in BL21(DE3) that resulted...customizable cargo gene in the form of RE-cargo-LE (RE, right end; LE, left end) pTnsABC expresses the transposases...glucose dehydrogenase expression that is 2.6 times higher when compared to the industrial strain. In our ...copies of integrated genes. We obtained a stable and high-yielding strain which had 6 times the yield of the...transfer on transposition-inducing agar lead to higher cargo copy numbers. (D) The effect of gene dosage...

...James from Binning Singletons. During Junior High and High school in the 80s and 90s, Joe was that kid ...asked if she had a few minutes to point me in the right direction for my future work. She graciously took...match people within similar fields (ASM Microbe has eight tracks), something we didn’t have enough people ... ASM Microbe, we connected people who otherwise might never have met. Binningsingletons.com will be the... but before going to graduate school, Joe taught high school chemistry for a year. The teaching/mentoring...

...Pitfalls of Fluorescent Protein Fusions Observing a bright signal for the first time after cloning an FP fusion...studies and those of others (5, 6, 7, 10, 11) highlight the very real consequences of misfolded dark FP... blue or cyan and yellow moxFPs. The inherent brightness and spectral characteristics of the moxFPs are...standard FPs. The increase in signal is not due to a brighter FP, but rather because of the correct folding ...listed above. In addition, because the moxFPs are highly monomeric, they are an excellent choice for fusions...

...reported in PLOS publications. The policy was not an overnight revelation, rather it was the result of consultations...A distinct (perhaps similarly impoverished lab) might apply different or novel tools and assumptions to...It could be argued that data generators may, in light of the policy, hold onto data longer before publishing...include suggests pragmatic adoption (although it might be argued various authors have simply chosen to ...significant effort. Our standards of data recording are highly variable and usually left to individual researchers...contact more senior colleagues. Secondly, science is highly technical and this has a natural, albeit unintentional...

...Every few months we highlight some of the new plasmids, antibodies, and viral preps in our repository...microscopy (cryo-EM) protocols typically require high concentration and purity of the target molecule,...or hundreds of particles surrounding each of the highly-visible beads on the cryo-EM grid.     ...denaturated (left) or complexes may dissociate  (right). B) Protein samples protected from AWI by helical...authors to determine structures at comparable or higher resolution than using more complex protective methods...

...heterodimers composed of one of 18 alpha and one of eight beta subunits. Both subunits have short intracellular...ectodomains can extend and open, binding ligands with high affinity. This extended-open state is key to strengthening...flexibility is crucial for their function. With the right research reagents, researchers can measure this ...developed and defined. According to the Springer lab, a highly specific function-blocking antibody, αVβ3.13, may...as new reproducible rat or mouse rAbs. The other eight are chimeric antibodies composed of rat or mouse... recently showed RGD-binding integrins demanded higher tensions before they would enable cells to spread...

...contract citizens enter into in order to protect their rights (2). Less formally, governments are the organizations...public will lose trust in scientists if the march highlights data supporting unwanted results (14). Some loss...surrounding a matter or policy should have more weight than how any one person feels about it. And yet...evidence’ on Trump’s wiretap claim The Chronicle of Higher Education: “March for Science” Organizer Says It...Science Foundation: Universities Report Fourth Straight Year of Declining Federal R&D Funding in FY...

...Immunofluorescence (IF), is an immunoassay that brings to light the cellular world. The technique allows you to ...indicates your target’s location. Some other terms you might see associated with IF are immunocytochemistry (... of other antibodies. But, once you do find the right protocol, multiplex IF can give you impactful and...sample on slides, and confocal   Figure 2: High-level overview of an indirect immunofluorescence...ones? Choosing a secondary is often much more straightforward than choosing a primary, so we’ll start there...the future.  We hope that this post has shed some light on immunofluorescence. The technique can provide...

...kDa single polypeptides that contain the variable light chain (VL) and variable heavy chain (VH) of an antibody...minimizing oligomerization of the scFv. While you might assume that the variable domains of an scFv would...lower affinities, lower long-term stability, and a higher likelihood to aggregate due to their small size...library with plate-bound antigen helps select for high affinity scFvs. Bound phage are then proliferated...with plate-bound antigen to select for scFvs with high affinity binding. Bound phage are then proliferated... since direction injection to the eye results in high drug concentrations in the eye with minimal systemic...

...their regenerative abilities is expected to shed light on human aging pathological developments (Vieira...amphibians in science with early research providing insight into some of the most significant and fundamental... Image from Holger Krisp. The frog genome has high synteny with that of humans so they are often used...the world. With its extensive scientific history, highly characterized genome, and widespread utilization...produces many seeds), self fertilizing, a small yet highly characterized genome, and is easily maintained ...Genome sequence of the Brown Norway rat yields insights into mammalian evolution. Nature 428, 493–521 ...

... To better highlight the great content contributed by our bloggers each and every month, we've decided...Cpf1 Update: Comparison to Cas9 and NgAgo As you might expect given the excitement surrounding anything...month is from guest blogger James D. Fessenden at Brigham and Women's Hospital. This post describes how to... our posts if you have any questions or useful insights. If you're interested in blogging for us, fill...

...fortunate that there’s a guide that directs cleavage right before the stop codon!  Figure 3: How to ...guide sequences (arrows) and their PAM (bold highlighted text) and cleavage sites (slashes) are shown....plasmid options for templates - see the example at right using blue flame plasmid pmScarlet_C1! After creating...primers to add T7 promoter-left homology arm and right homology arm to the desired insert (e.g., mScarlet...the main drawback of i-GONAD is that it requires a high-concentration, column-purified DNA template.   ...

...not having any confounding mutations, the risk is high. You are generating a gene therapy product with ...clinical trials. An off-target rate of 5% is far too high when considering human patients and the diseases...measurements at those sites to get an idea of how high the off-target frequency is (more on this below)...sequencing methods. Candidate site sequencing Sites with high sequence similarity to the gRNA can be sequenced...a DNA mutation, off-targets must be quantified slightly differently. For a comprehensive approach, RNA-seq...library screens, the same principle holds true - the higher the number of distinct editing events, the lower...

...Every few months we highlight some of the new plasmids, antibodies, and viral preps in the repository...deactivation). Both have significantly improved brightness, kinetics, and sensitivity. iGluSnFR4f is well-suited...and EGFP-expressing lentiviral backbones designed right here at Addgene. Here's what makes these new backbones...Protein Innovation (IPI) recently released a set of highly-specific recombinant antibodies against three of... — with efficiencies between 5% and 11%. It has higher efficiency and lower indel formation than methods...

...fixed sample. Depending on the sample type, this might be frozen or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue...Depending on your needs, your sample, and targets, you might decide to do simultaneous IF instead (Figure 1B).... Depending on the goal of your experiment, you might need to quantify the intensity of the different ...spatial relationship between the targets. Or, it might be sufficient to describe or classify the labeled...label a sample that expresses your target(s) at a high level, either naturally or by overexpression, for...similar between the two experiments. If not, it might be that the other antibodies are disrupting the ...

...vectors containing high numbers of gRNAs in one overnight reaction. STAgR is highly customizable as vector...In this quarterly blog series, we’ll highlight a few of the new CRISPR plasmids available at Addgene....

...RNA is highly desirable for extending the complexity of genetic circuits, allowing for tighter spatio-...Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The PUF proteins include eight modular repeats, each of which binds a consecutive..., I think, are endless.” Abil says the new tool might even find therapeutic application in addition to...she recommends using standard BsaI in place of the high fidelity version (despite what the original paper...

...connection to the hiring manager. They might say yes and they might say no but do not confuse networking...scientist in the academic system has many pluses. I delighted in my graduate school years for allowing me to...personal questions can elicit the most valuable insights you will get from the interaction. Most people...great way to practice for real interviews where you might spend a whole day having to talk with strangers....

... all night was hand-picked (like our plasmid samples!) by Addgenies. If you were there, you might have...plenty of delicious desserts. We enjoyed a video highlighting the changes at Addgene over the last 10 years...Perhaps the most heartfelt portion of the entire night was when Melina and Ken called their parents up ...

...customized to highlight different skills and to get the important information in the right place on the...organization is small, any person at the company might be able to help you. If the organization is large...additioanal advice for the science career search.  You might also enjoy the other posts in the Addgene Blog Scientist...

...and can exhibit recombination levels as high as 1-3%. In light of this finding, we now include guidance...leaky expression. On the right non-homologous scrambled recombination sights lead to reduced reversion...strategy should work, these vectors suffered from high levels of spurious expression.  As such, researchers...weak and may require longer waiting periods and/or higher injection titers to achieve adequate expression...

... homozygous knock-in animals can be obtained in eight days. The only animals on a plate, other than the... delivery, screening, and more. Here are some highlights from the past few years:  Repair template design...improvements from the Mello lab resulted in strikingly high editing efficiencies, obtaining as many as 100 independent...corresponding to the same strand as the PAM produced a higher editing efficiency, while for edits 3’ to the PAM...templates. They found that Cas9 RNPs could be toxic at high concentrations, and editing efficiency improved ...

...transposons evolve under contrary selection pressures: high efficiency helps them spread, but also stresses ... evoCAST In the emerging world of gene therapy, highly tailored treatments to specific mutations require...long sequences. In their experiments, PASSIGE had higher efficiency, but evoCAST required less optimization...optimization for new targets and produced a higher-purity product, likely because the integration occurs in a... can’t wait to see where evoCAST takes us on the high seas of gene editing. Bon voyage!   References...

...proximity to an endogenous gene. Each trap uses a slightly different approach (described in detail below)...for the endogenous gene – its expression levels (high/low) and patterns (tissue/timing) can be monitored...screened. Depending on the marker, traps can be used as high-throughput screens to introduce reporters throughout...the top trap – they don’t require insertion in a highly specific gene region and they don’t disrupt the...Resources References Wood, V., et al., Hidden in plain sight: what remains to be discovered in the eukaryotic...

...are very valuable biological tools, and with the right safety considerations, they aren't dangerous for...transductions can offer benefits such as tissue-specificity, high efficiency, and can be selected to be either integrating...our viral selections to see if we have one that might work for your next experiment. Using transduction...Answering these questions will help guide you to the right method for your experiment.  A cool feature of viral...virus can sound daunting, but it is easier than you might think. We have protocols available to get you started...

...Who doesn’t love a library? A traditional library might contain thousands or millions of different books...region. This makes them useful for a wide variety of high-throughput experiments. There are currently 390 ...libraries can be designed for all kinds of different high-throughput experiments. Our most popular screening...out our blog post on this library. Let’s also highlight a prokaryotic library: the Cultivarium MACKEREL...

...an advantage to use the cell line and we will highlight some of those applications here.   Virus production...transfect in bulk and produce recombinant proteins at high levels. In a case where clinical applications of...and if your research doesn’t allow for that, HEK might be the cell line for you. Are HEKs for you?   If...you are looking for a human cell line model, HEKs might be a great option! Especially if your research interests...

...yet familiar. The idea that my piecemeal degree might one day foster a meaningful day job only came into...enjoyed a taste of what was to offer, continued straight on to a master's degree in science communication... one day required of me for work, I would have a high level of career satisfaction indeed.   For many ...science. Understanding just how the public utilizes insights gleaned from scientific research is, after all...law to poetry. A research discipline in its own right, science communication reflects a necessary confluence...

...Every few months we highlight a subset of the new plasmids and viral preps in the repository through ... TX-TL system is capable of robust expression of high G+C content genes, as validated through monitoring...CRISPR Plasmids and Resources page. Here are some highlights from the past couple months including several...

...with a large range of characteristics (color, brightness, photostability, maturation, oligomerization)...choosing a FP, but much of the primary data one might require when making such a decision remains spread...there is a great deal more information that one might like to store about FPs than is currently represented...multi-parametric search queries.  Looking for a bright, monomeric FP published in the last few years with... for me? A Practical Approach to Choosing the B(right)est Fluorescent Protein Choosing Your Fluorescent...

...these visualization tools is CRISPR-Sirius, the brightest CRISPR-based tool to date for visualizing genomic...chromosomes in living cells, the system requires high-copy chromosome-specific loci in the genome and ...the gRNA target site. In addition to increased brightness, they also found that the signal to noise ratio...its predecessor CRISPRainbow, CRISPR-Sirius is brighter making it suitable for observing low-copy genomic...copy genes. If you want to visualize genomic loci brightly, give CRISPR-Sirius a try. Find CRISPR-Sirius ...

... be ideal for you. Here, we will chat about who might want to explore this role, how to seek out such ...commitment, planning, and funding – they may not be right or necessary for many scientists! Unless some of...from third parties or your home institute. Discuss rights Do you expect to generate data that will contribute...It is never too early to discuss authorship and rights for anything that could be generated during the...opportunity, but also a really good time! If it sounds right for you, start thinking outside of your current ...

...figure to the right), we identified R-body mutants that extend at both lower and higher pH. We initially...putting the operon under a strong promoter results in high R-body expression  (Schrallhammer et al 2012). This...environmental conditions. More speculatively, R bodies might endow divergent organisms with new functions. For...understanding of how R bodies assemble and function, we might be able to endow cells with new ways to interact...

...sides of the break, we determined that Cas9 held tightly to three of the four strands of the cleaved duplex... the PAM-proximal side, consistently supported higher frequencies (up to 60%!) of gene editing than single...have shown that this technique supports extremely high frequencies of genome cutting and, when donor DNA...included in the nucleofection reaction, extremely high frequencies of HDR. The detailed protocol for nucleofection...Central PMCID: PMC4383097. 3. Kim, Sojung, et al. "Highly efficient RNA-guided genome editing in human cells...

...buck - it grows at higher cell densities than most of its counterparts, yielding higher production power... phaffii in the 1970s with the goal of producing high protein animal feed. Due to increasing prices of...flask volume. What’s even better? K. phaffii is highly efficient at protein secretion, making harvesting...knock-in or knock-out) is essential to your work, you might want to pick a yeast strain best suited to it. Putting...

...grandparents’ medical textbooks by torchlight under the covers. In high school, I went to all the optional...technical jargon that even scientists in neighbouring disciplines might struggle to understand. Why should ...whispered questions from friends and classmates back in high school, and it’s oddly fitting that I’ve ended up...

...optimal for experiments requiring high signal to noise ratios, imaging of high frequency glutamate signaling...to create SF-iGluSnFR. This improved variant has higher expression levels in bacteria and produces stronger...properties The improved variants of iGluSnFR3 have higher expression levels and produce stronger fluorescent...Biosensors A Practical Approach to Choosing the B(right)est Fluorescent Protein Visit the Fluorescent Protein...

...In a big lab, the advisor might not be around much and your real boss might be a postdoc – this isn't ...competitive style to spur you to succeed or you might enjoy working closely with others to accomplish ...before you take the position. Am I choosing the right mentor? Make sure your advisors will be good role...candidate to ask lab heads, lab members and lab neighbors during the interview process. What if I want...

.... If submitting plasmid(s) using a spreadsheet (right), click the “Download Deposit Spreadsheet” button..., and plasmid description/experimental purpose (right). On the article page, enter the name, type, and...The more sequence data available, the better. We highly encourage you to upload full sequence data whenever...cannot be propagated in DH5α. For plasmids with highly repetitive sequences (which can be prone to recombination...Figure 12: The "Copy" button is located near the top right of each data entry page. Once you have completed...necessary by my institution or other third party rights holders. Once this process is complete, you will...

... you to select cells with high GFP expression. These cells have the highest levels of Cas9 and gRNA expression... which method you use, the procedure will vary slightly.   Two Golden Gate options that are available...expression, and thus the highest frequency of genome editing events. Yamamoto Lab Multiplex CRISPR/Cas9.... “Dimeric CRISPR RNA-guided FokI nucleases for highly specific genome editing.”  Nature Biotechnology...al. “A robust CRISPR/Cas9 system for convenient, high-efficiency multiplex genome editing in monocot and...

...RNA without altering the genome, but Cas13s have higher on-target specificity. New work from Konermann ...package in low-capacity vectors! These small, but mighty type VI-D enzymes are the latest tools in the transcriptome...including Cas13d-specific regulatory proteins and high targeting efficiency, both of which are described...Cas13d deposit here). Konermann et al.: CasRx is a highly potent, specific editor in mammalian cells Not ...characterized Cas13 enzymes, CasRx also displays very high on-target efficiency; where shRNA treatment produced...

...realized that working in the wet lab wasn’t the right path for me. I began exploring alternative career...track and feel supported. Another team member was highly self-motivated and excelled when given the freedom... made similar transitions can provide you with insights, lessons from their experiences, and practical...perspectives and facilitated a team meeting to highlight their complementary strengths. By encouraging ...

...mixture of products or from incomplete PCR — although higher DNA concentrations are needed for this method to...retain products with single-stranded overhangs (right branch). The mixed PCR and incomplete PCR methods...with two 5′ overhangs, so these approaches require higher concentrations of insert to succeed. 5′ overhangs... showed that a five-piece assembly reaction was highly efficient (~80%) with 40-bp homology regions. Ten-fragment...method also based on homologous recombination. The higher temperature at which Gibson assembly takes place...

... visitors with information about images that a sighted reader would glean from the image itself.  As we...impaired readers receive the same information as sighted readers.    Figure 1: An image from AAV...image, we thought it would be most helpful to highlight the technical details of collecting the purified... passage of supernatant through each layer. The right panel illustrates a gradient tube before and after...

... Every few months we highlight a subset of the new plasmids in the repository through our hot plasmids...here.  Listen to the hot plasmids episode! New, highly efficient RNAi construct for C. elegans gene knockdown...noroviruses can infect millions annually. Because it is highly contagious, it is essential to contain outbreaks...binding experiments. Potential experiments that one might perform using the purified domains include protein...

...Since its early years, the light microscope has been a powerful tool in almost all disciplines. In biology... cells, has become an established alternative to high-priced commercial devices.     Fig. 2: Workflow...Workflow for open software (left) vs. open hardware (right).    Taking this all together, the essential...open hardware. Upper left panel shows the path of light through a microscope. Lower left panel shows an ...differentiating monocyte with planes and hardware to it. Right panel shows workflow of open hardware.    Conclusion...

...surprise then that a lot of our subject matter comes straight from you, whether you realize it or not! Many ...what basic information someone new to antibodies might need to successfully start using them at the bench...bench, along with questions we thought they might have as they go. The guide was then assigned to our science...deeper expertise of our antibody team to rely on. High-impact content like the antibody guide always gets...sketch a western blot out quickly." Final design (right). Immediate and immense regret of the graphic designer...