...experienced. Finding an antibody that works for your application, specifically detects your protein, is species...and have been widely used across species and applications. In this blog, we will review the most common...not exist, or they don’t exist for a specific application, or they exist but are unreliable for a variety...almost certainly already been optimized for your application. Depending on the tag, directly imaging or tracking...our affinity purification tag blog!).   Applications of epitope tags   The tags A number of...with moderate to high success rates across all applications. You can find FLAG antibodies on Addgene’s catalog... biochemical fundamentals to commercial systems. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. (2003) 60:523-533 DOI: 10.1007...

...out that the approach he and his colleagues took to optimize sensitivities can now be applied to dozens ...Because they are chemical compounds, they have to be applied or injected, and they don’t always end up where...lymphocytes, too, making them a versatile tool for application in both neuroscience and immunology. Don’t be...FRET-based sensors. For example, his team is now applying it to improve upon an indicator they developed... calcium versus zinc should require the simple swapping of binding domains, in practice optimizing the... large dynamic range,” he says. Merkx recently applied this “trick” to the development of additional color...

...reproducible if its findings can be predictably applied to future work. Importantly, no one should expect...studies, as reported by drug companies attempting to apply the findings from these studies, are quite low (...low rates of reproducibility. Failed attempts to apply irreproducible results to future work cost both ...solutions based on what I’ve learned. I hope you can apply some of these solutions to your own research and...ridiculous to expect that one should be able to apply someone else's new and incredibly useful technique...information about fluorescent proteins so you can best apply these technologies to your own research needs. Other...evidence shows otherwise. Others will go on to try to apply these findings in their own work ultimately wasting...

...interesting, much of what a phage faces as it approaches a host cell surface are complex polysaccharide...involves digesting phage genomic DNA into 1-3 kb (approximately gene-sized) fragments so that these fragments...competent E. coli and analyze transformants for appropriately sized inserts. We consider a library worth using...-side up onto a fresh LB plate containing an appropriate inducing agent (0.4 mM IPTG is a good start if...organism and incubate overnight according to appropriate cell growth conditions. Note: if using fast-growing...Franklin L., et al. "Revisiting phage therapy: new applications for old resources." Trends in microbiology 23.4...Mirzaei, and Anders S. Nilsson. "Adapting drug approval pathways for bacteriophage-based therapeutics....

...received many applications, employers were requesting that only scientists with an MSc or higher apply. It was...scientific research would be very competitive, and so I applied for a summer role as a Research Scientist at the... edge of London to gain relevant experience. I applied for this summer position as I felt I needed more...I had to reassess what I wanted to do and so I applied for a role in Industry. I wanted to get "a real...university to study a Masters of Science I decided to apply to study a Master of Science (MSc) in Human Molecular...virology classes in California and enjoyed them, so I applied for a role at a commercial virology testing company...enjoy helping people and decided to compromise and applied anyway. I later found out the job was with Addgene...

...the technology in different labs for different applications.” Li’s team noted that CRISPR/Cas9 has been ...disease. Meanwhile, Hans Clevers and colleagues applied CRISPR to disease correction in adult stem cells...to be perfected until the efficiency of repair approaches 100 percent. “We need to be sure it's accurate...repair,” Doudna said. “And it can't be too hard to apply. These papers suggest it might work well enough ...with size limitations. In addition, non-viral applications are also possible through the use of nanoparticles....  “CRISPR Genome Editing Technology and its Application in Genetic Diseases: A Review.” Current pharmaceutical...4. Uddin et al. 2020.  “CRISPR Gene Therapy: Applications, Limitations, and Implications for the Future...

...out some feelers, apply to programs, and apply for travel grants. Good luck and happy travels! Resources...workdays will be carried out until the end of the appointment. The visiting scientist could be a graduate student...visiting positions within defined labs which you can apply to. These structured types of placements often have...are your options if neither of these situations apply to you? Once you’ve identified one or more labs ...mentor can help get the ball rolling! If you are applying to a structured program, they likely have guidelines...

...and most patients still don’t benefit from this approach. One central bottleneck is that most recurrently...computational algorithms, such as SIFT or PolyPhen to approach this challenge, using attributes of cancer variants... would be extremely helpful as a complementary approach. Also, in principle, these experiments could find...sequencing studies (as well as reference cDNA clones mapping to well-annotated cellular pathways). It wasn’t... designed to complement the one assay per gene approach that has been the historical standard. Specifically...team have recently demonstrated the power of this approach: Phenotypic Characterization of a Comprehensive...technical feasibility and proof-of-concept. If such approaches are proven to improve future clinical decisions...

...Proximity-dependent labeling has become a powerful approach for proteomic mapping in both cell culture and whole organisms...organisms (see our 2019 overview). Until recently, the approach has been hampered by the need to tag each protein...provides researchers better flexibility and makes the approach more accessible, as it reduces the need to generate...optimized with zebrafish in mind, it can easily be applied to other systems.    Find BLITZ Plasmids here! ...Targeted Evolution method (M-CREATE), in which one applies both positive and negative selective pressures ...clonal multiplexing of cells in live imaging application. Each visual barcode consists of a fluorescent...

...best for insertions or deletions greater than approximately 20 nucleotides, while ssDNA substrate is best...regions flanking the target site).  The best applications for dsDNA inserts include: large insertions ... used in limited circumstances. An alternative approach is to flank the desired change with 4-5 silent...Uses in Recombineering Substrate Best Suited Application Recombination Frequency Special Considerations...can be modified with any of the below described approaches.    Bacterial strain with integrated defective...requires drug selection.  One drawback to this approach is that it requires the generation of bacteriophage...modification into a different background, if needed. This approach is best suited for modifying plasmids or BACs ...

...RNAi) is a conserved eukaryotic process where approximately 20-30 nucleotides of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA...silencing can be easily induced by exogenous application of long or short dsRNA. However, it is important...have benefited from the ease of use in dsRNA applications. Figure 1: Schematic of an RNAi-inducing... two. Consequently, I will focus on different approaches and considerations present at the first stage...long-term RNAi phenotype. Long hairpin RNA The easiest approach to induce RNAi involves the expression of long...RNA The greatest limitations of the long hpRNA approach are thought to be off-target effects and variable...your gene(s) of interest and the reporter. This approach greatly enhances experimental throughput, as silencing...

...definition of “problem solving skills” is the ability to apply the scientific method to problems in a variety of...strong problem solving skills is just a matter of applying that framework to the myriad challenges we encounter...always found that taking a conscious or active approach can be hugely helpful not only for developing ...ask them to explain their logic. Or you can try applying the scientific method to everyday problems in ...about technical know-how and more about how you approach new challenges.     Know your strengths! Research...to practice problem solving skills and learn to apply them flexibly in a range of contexts. As such, scientists...remember that you have these skills when you start applying and interviewing for new positions. Highlighting...

...While repair using endogenous chromosomal DNA is appealing for heterozygous mutations, it will clearly be...consider that already-tested CRISPR alternatives are applicable in many situations. In the case of hypertrophic... need to be much, much lower before clinical applications could be considered. It is important to consider...consider the question of broader applicability of CRISPR germline editing. Nature News mentions that the...between CRISPR repair in embryos and iPS models, it appears that embryo research is the only way to answer ...answer questions of efficiency and applicability. Given moral and ethical concerns surrounding such research...experiments are needed before we can consider clinical applications for germline editing. Although this paper represents...

... the library can be used to identify appropriate, non-overlapping targets for drug development - such ...industry research. When she came to Novartis, she was happily surprised that “Novartis was actually really research...were so many interesting questions that we could apply [it to].” Using ClonTracer to study drug resistance...using NGS because the error rate of current NGS approaches allows for a detection limit of roughly 0.1%....populations can be eradicated up-front quickly. This approach is in contrast to the current treatment paradigm...Novartis Oncology and is particularly interested in applying what we have learned about tumor heterogeneity...

...insertions or deletions in the DNA sequence. This same approach is effective to target short ncRNAs, such as microRNAs...adjacent genes, especially those regulated by or overlapping with the lncRNA (Basak and Nithin 2015, Horlbeck...A schematic illustration of CRISPR/Cas9-based approaches to study ncRNAs. (A) Transcription start site...it comes to targeting precision and practical application. If the CRISPR/Cas9 system is not effective for...to enhance or upregulate ncRNA expression. This approach is useful for lncRNAs because they regulate nearby...lncRNAs with high specificity, particularly in applications requiring smaller delivery systems (Zibitt et...science.1225829  Hazan J, Bester AC. CRISPR-Based Approaches for the High-Throughput Characterization of Long...

...assembly process designed for a quick, plug-and-play approach to cloning CRISPR vectors (McGee et al., 2024)... plug-and-play. Because of its modular cloning approach, it’s easy to switch out reporters, Cas proteins...overview and timeline of the Golden Gate (GG) cloning approach. Individual modules and a sample ligation are ...validated and were chosen because of their broad applicability in different model systems. What’s the error...  The Fragmid website While the modular cloning approach is key to the Fragmid system, the Fragmid website...sites needed for the Fragmid cuts, clone in the appropriate overhang for your module type, and voilà! You...great plasmids for your next CRISPR experiment. Happy cloning! References and Resources References McGee...

...patch cable must be the appropriate length for your specific behavioral apparatus or test but not so excessively...the initial laser output. The same considerations apply to the polishing and preparation of the patch cable...experiment started, you will need a laser of the appropriate wavelength to stimulate your opsin. Each opsin...to optogenetics users and adjusts the lasers appropriately (tuned for optogenetics). These lasers are relatively... under certain contexts/locations in the test apparatus and thus individual laser stimulation is essential...Injectable, cellular-scale optoelectronics with applications for wireless optogenetics. Science. 2013;340...

...potential applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in genome-engineering. One particularly attractive application involves...cargo RNA to the appropriate DNA locus. The sgRNA/RNA fusions retained their appropriate functions affecting...cleave the target DNA. The inducible split cas9 approach can also be used for activation of specific genes...necessary light-activated protein domains to the appropriate locus has been cumbersome. To overcome many of... system widely accessible for many potential applications. Polstein LR & Gersbach CA, Nat Chem Biol ...amenable to both high and low throughput screening applications. The system can be readily modified to use different...the stop codon. Thus a non-translated mRNA will appear yellow, but a translated mRNA will be red. This...

...iontophoresis (applying small electric currents via inserted electrodes) may be applied, but these methods...intracellularly spread away from the site of application and aid in visualization of the morphology of...the hippocampal region CA2 allowed for detailed mapping of the neuronal circuitry involved in learning ...Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas website. A similar approach was used by researchers from the Janelia Campus...activity-dependent neuronal tracing. Apart from mapping neuronal networks, improved AAV vectors could also...into muscle) as opposed to direct intracerebral application, which is more invasive and has a much higher...Cre-dependent, anterograde transsynaptic viral tracer for mapping output pathways of genetically marked neurons. ...

...processes happen in a matter of minutes. Cost: Funding is usually limited - what cloning approach should...afraid to explore multiple approaches to find out which one works best for you. Happy cloning (and be sure ... of the post! Speed: Your grant deadline is approaching or your advisor is demanding results. If you’...however, or simply looking for a more streamlined approach, you might want to give Gateway a try. This method...LR Clonase enzyme mixes. After generating the appropriate inserts by PCR, there is no need for restriction...