We narrowed to 872 results for: fer

... can make an informed choice!   References and Resources References Bondeson, D.P., Mullin-Bernstein,... we will review what advantages degron tags can offer over other protein control methods and compare the...tools to manipulate protein expression. These tags offer several advantages over the alternative systems ... all the tags reviewed here, the SMASh tag does offer a few other unique features. If your protein is ... fluorescent Halo ligand can be added to media, buffer, etc., which will bind and light up a tagged protein...profile their effectiveness with over a dozen different proteins. In the end, you can’t predict with absolute...

...proteins that confer affinity for a target – and this serotype can be selected to preferentially target your...voltage indicators reviewed.   References and Resources   References Beck C, Zhang D, Gong Y. Enhanced... These types of sensors can have a variety of different components, but all contain a FRET pair, a genetic... genetically encoded component of the system to offer unique advantages depending on your experimental...powerful tool that swaps capsid proteins from different viruses to optimize them for targeting your cell...

...explore Myc’s role in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.  Using two different synthetic peptides corresponding...antibodies, context is key.    References and Resources References Evan GI, Lewis GK, Ramsay G, Bishop... or the C-terminus, Evan, et al. isolated six different monoclonal antibodies (Evan, et al. 1985). Three... found that the N-terminal half of the antigen differs significantly between human and the other species...-9E10 variable regions and sticking them onto different scaffolds. But over the years, several alternative...

...variants—nuclease-competent or nuclease-null—in order to effect different perturbations. Consider, for instance, the challenge... both cutting and regulation of expression at different genetic loci within a single cell. One might imagine...use of “orthogonal” Cas9 proteins derived from different bacterial species, each of which interacts with... (1). Although this is possible, this strategy suffers from several limitations. Perhaps most importantly...expression (6). Altering the length of gRNAs targeting different sites of interest thus represents a straightforward...introduced together with truncated gRNAs targeting a different set of loci to induce simultaneous cutting and...DNA sequence or regulating gene expression.     References 1. Esvelt, Kevin M., et al. "Orthogonal Cas9 ...

...Labguru, Quartzy offers software designed with scientists workflow in mind and can offer a one-stop solution...create lists of your favorite protocols for future reference. The exchange currently boasts over 2,500 protocols... is a subscription-based software, Labguru does offer free trials and pricing options for academic labs... limited to within your lab group, Labguru does offer access to protcols from external vendors, such as...orders. Quartzy caters to life science labs and offers the service free of charge to scientists by allowing...101 articles on various plasmid features, and reference tables (i.e. antibiotic concentrations, commonly...

...sample(s) in the same buffer if possible, or very similar buffers if not, since buffer components can affect...non-linear and you should use a different method of analysis. Different fields and assays have varying ...the assay is run, ideally with freshly prepared buffer. This is because standard curves vary depending...range covers a wider span of concentrations but suffers from decreased specificity, especially as it approaches...

...antibodies directly into your preferred buffer. If that’s the case, a buffer exchange can be performed using...downstream step, you’ll want to ensure that your buffer components are compatible with your conjugate and...you’ve collected your antibody in the appropriate buffer, it’s time to quantify it. There are several options...our Antibodies 101 blog series.  Resources and references More resources on the Addgene blog Introduction...Purification Protocol Addgene's Antibody Guide References Trimmer JS. Recombinant Antibodies in Basic Neuroscience...

...decorative" title="Check icon" %}   References and Resources References Hwang, J. M., Piccinini, T. E., Lammel...belongs to the penicillin family of antibiotics. It interferes with cell wall synthesis as its mode of action...beta-lactamase, just like amp is. Thus, the AmpR gene confers resistance to both carb and amp, due to their common...amp), and for some applications, the benefit it offers is marginal. Fortunately, amp can easily be replaced...phosphorylation of kan, which inactivates it. The NPTII gene confers resistance to several aminoglycosides, including...minutes). Pros: Widely available, cost-effective, confers mammalian resistance to G418. Con: Slow transformation...

...Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). Through the non-radiative transfer for energy between neighboring...requires careful selection of FP fragments and, preferably, some information about the structures of the...level, stability, and subcellular localization may differ from those of your BiFC construct, making it difficult...., do two proteins interact or not? — FRET is preferable when the temporal dynamics of PPIs are the focus...about science whenever he's not off the grid.   References Bischof J, Duffraisse M, Furger E, Ajuria L, ...plasmids and resources Visit our Molecular Biology Reference ...

...created with the same backbone but that contain different inserts. When you design primers to anneal outside...primer pair to screen for the presence of many different inserts. The downside: this type of primer does... The type of primers you use depends on your preferences. Either way, make sure to test your colony PCR...a standard PCR thermocycling program. One key difference is the plasmid DNA must be released from the ...and without an insert. These controls are quick references you can use when you run your PCR products out... an appropriate molecular weight standard for reference and to add a loading dye with glycerol to your...products have any mutations.  There are lots of different cloning strategies, but regardless of which is...

...PAM sequence requirements. Cpf1’s preferred PAM is 5’-TTN, differing from that of Cas9 (3’-NGG) in both...endonuclease domain, indicating that Cpf1 functions differently. Since Cpf1 loci are widely distributed across...could be adapted for genome editing. The use of a different nuclease could potentially overcome some of Cas9...pattern opens up the possibility of directional gene transfer, analogous to traditional restriction enzyme cloning... cloning. Sticky-end mediated gene transfer would be particularly helpful for targeting non-dividing cells...shown the diversity of CRISPR-based systems. References 1. Zetsche, Bernd, et al. "Cpf1 is a single RNA-guided...

...Cary Valley, and Holly McQueary References and Resources References Niedringhaus, T. P., Milanova, D....identify the bases (and, if necessary, separate different samples), the resulting data, or reads, are essentially...plasmid sequence. However, if there are major differences from the expected sequence, the QC team can manually...theoretical sequences submitted to Addgene have minor differences due to in silico variations and lack of verification...script for manually inputting known innocuous differences. This script compares the sequence for a 100%...Additional Resources on addgene.org Molecular Biology Reference Sequence Analyzer Protocol: Sequence Analysis ...

...proteins also contribute to this regulation in different ways: methylating newly synthesized DNA, blocking...numbers can allow RepA to link iterons from two different plasmids, forming a pair of “handcuffs” that blocks...RepA proteins form complexes between iterons on different plasmids in a process called "handcuffing," which...Plasmids under stringent control of replication may differ in the specialized proteins or sequences necessary...was updated by Emily P. Bentley in June 2024.  References and resources Further Reading Quiñones-Valles...Replication. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/19313 References Asano, K., & Mizobuchi, K. (1998). Copy number...molecular biology help with our Molecular Biology Reference Pages   ...

...best with diverse teams, to leverage the preferences of different personality types, and to devise strategies...biotech clients. In this realm, there are a few different kinds of challenges that consultants get called...consulting experiences, educational training, and conferences, and synthesizing this knowledge into a coherent...excessively demanding. For instance, a client may offer a lot of pointed feedback or abruptly change needs...consulting firms coach and counsel employees on the different personality and work styles (e.g., Myers-Briggs...prepare you for a successful career in several different fields. While some people continue to enjoy the...

...example, CRISPR activation has been used to differentiate induced pluripotent stem cells (Chavez et al...neuronal cells by activating genes that cause differentiation and to reverse HIV viral latency (Bialek et...directed towards that gene as there can be a large difference in guide potency. Thus, in cases where users ...cannot be used to study in cis regulation and also suffer from an inability to easily deliver the appropriate...Chavez et al., 2016). To learn more about the different types of Cas9 activators, check out our blog post...DNA sequence or regulating gene expression.     References Behan FM, Iorio F, Picco G, Gonçalves E, Beaver...s41586-019-1103-9 Bialek JK, Dunay GA, Voges M, Schäfer C, Spohn M, Stucka R, Hauber J, Lange UC (2016)...

...today. It is now known that nearly 500 cell lines suffer from contamination with HeLa being the most frequent...Down-Regulation of HIF-1α by NDRG2 Expression Attenuates Proliferation and Invasion in Renal Cancer Cells, Marker-independent...the cell lines deposited with them and used by different researchers are free of contamination and match...from this bank. I am often asked, “What is the difference between materials available from commercial repositories...the same cell line from a colleague?”. The main difference is the QC and validation carried out by the commercial...which can be stored in liquid nitrogen long term, preferably some of these vials will be stored in a separate... drug testing. You can find Nick on LinkedIn. References 1. Skloot, Rebecca, and Bahni Turpin. The immortal...

...preparative experiments.  We’re excited to begin offering this service to further contribute to our mission...and discovery.” Here are the details. Plasmids offered as cloning grade DNA As we begin testing out this...that this service will be helpful to the many different scientific communities using plasmid tools. Details... We will ship you  2 µg of DNA in 20 µl of Tris buffer suitable for molecular biology experiments such... our Plasmids 101 blog series Learn about the different grades of DNA  Read about the various ways to ...other beta projects Read our Molecular Biology Reference ...

...fragments that are very different.” Because the fragments produced will have different overhangs, they can...enzymes. Now, a new toolkit - aptly named GreenGate – offers all of those same advantages to researchers working...systems. “The cloning is all done in vitro; it’s no different in mouse, human or plants,” explained Jan Lohmann...Lohmann of Heidelberg University. “What is different is the plasmids you use to bring this into your target...available, making it easier for us to do our work.” References 1. Athanasios Lampropoulos et al. "GreenGate ...

...research coming out of the lab.  References and resources References Hao, Y., Yan, J., Fraser, C., Jiang...integrins at non-ligand-binding sites and do not interfere with integrin function. Overall, the synthetic...then used these antibodies to show the binding preferences of the αV subunit and its β partners. Of interest...contrast, LVDP-binding integrin α4β1 required and conferred less force, leading cells to spread into symmetrical...antibodies and affinity reagents to study the difference in cell morphology changes induced by integrins...discovered by yeast display reveal αV subunit pairing preferences with β subunits (p. 2024.01.26.577394). bioRxiv...

...this results in the formation of a DNA structure referred to as the displacement loop (D loop). The recombination...when selecting a type of donor. ssDNA templates (referred to as ssODNs (oligodeoxynucleotides)) are commonly... difficult, thus dsDNA plasmids are generally preferred for large insertions such as fluorescent proteins... blog post on Easi-CRISPR for more details. References and resources Want to know more? Check out the...Genome Editing General Homologous Recombination References: Repair of Strand Breaks by Homologous Recombination...their potential to induce chromosomal aberrations. Pfeiffer P, et al. Mutagenesis (2000). PubMed. Multiple...Cas-mediated Transgenesis (2018). Pubmed. CRISPR References: Genome engineering using the CRISPR-Cas9 system...

...purified protein at different acid concentrations. Overviews of the pKa values of different fluorescent protein... GFP variants. Here I use the name ‘GFP’, which refers to mEGFP. This variant was made by introducing ...reduces its size. The substantial size of GFP may interfere with the activity or the localization of the fusion... Another solution to avoid autofluorescence is offered by bioluminescent proteins. These probes generate...C-terminus of another protein. This may, however, interfere with the function of the protein. This is clearly...can follow him on twitter: @joachimgoedhart.   References 1. Zacharias, David A., et al. "Partitioning ...

...similarities with humans. However, rats have some key differences in physiology, intelligence, and human correspondence... generate transgenic axolotls for an array of different studies. Elly Tanaka’s lab has constructed several...number of offspring (produces many seeds), self fertilizing, a small yet highly characterized genome, and...include understanding of allelic variation between different plant species and metabolic properties affecting... collections to help start your experiments! References: Blount, Z. D. (2015). The unexhausted potential...Zhang, C., & Xing, X.-H. (2018). Pooled CRISPR interference screening enables genome-scale functional genomics...Plasmids Collection Page Read our molecular biology reference Find plasmids for your research ...

... science) they come from many different places supporting many different positions. It would be detrimental... and everyone is welcome. Why? There are many different things scientists and non-scientists alike are...not necessarily marching for every cause. The references provided also only provide a snapshot into the...microbial interactions, and science education.       References March for Science Website Locke, John, and Peter...York Times: With Trump in Charge, Climate Change References Purged from Website The Washington Post: Trump...The scientific community: Diversity makes the difference  Association for Psychological Science: Diversity...

.... The plasmids within it contain a variety of different promoters followed by leader sequences (encoding... at the BIOFAB showed that expression of many different genes was predictable based solely on the promoters...or protease sites to remove the epitope tags. Different plasmids in the kit can be used to purify proteins...prokaryotic expression in recent years, with many different systems now available. However, it can be difficult...ORF clones to allow testing and comparison of different cell-free expression systems; the Cell-free expression...bind specific RNA bases. By swapping out these different modular repeat segments, you can create a PUF ...proteins with a wide variety of functions via different fusions. Some applications of PUF protein fusions...

...however different proteins will likely achieve different levels of incorporation due to differences in stability... further technical reference and protocols for use of this system, please reference ‘Rinehart Lab reagents... length of induction, which will vary between different proteins. Beyond these standard considerations...mitochondrion. You can follow her on Twitter @nieminm.   References 1. Cohen, Philip. "The origins of protein phosphorylation...

...However, many genes have different functions in different cell types, at different times, and in combination...T cell responses to cancer.     References and resources References LaFleur, M. W., Lemmen, A. M., Streeter...combination with different genes. Having CRISPR systems for assessing genes in defined contexts would be quite...

...shared ownership. Go check it out! References and Resources References Radtke, A. J., Chu, C. J., Yaniv,...mean highly multiplexed: you can image over 65 different parameters using this method (see Movie S8 from...high-quality antibodies and reagents that you know work…preferably before you start your experiment. (And you’re...fluorescent probes, representing imaging from 47 different tissues. Researchers upload and share both their...resources .csv file for easy filtering and sorting. Reference images can be viewed by clicking on the links ...

...tumor-inducing” or Ti plasmid, which allows it to transfer genetic material into the host plant genome. Scientists...Scientists have worked to optimize this system for gene transfer, studying the stability of modified Ti plasmids...borders specify the region of DNA that will be transferred to the plant, similar to viral vectors’ terminal...proportional to size, and many plant scientists want to transfer large genes, smaller binary vectors with a larger..., respectively, making it ideal for large gene transfer. The M24 promoter provides constitutive, high-...foundational studies of promoter and gene expression. References Sahoo, Dipak Kumar, Nrisingha Dey, and Indu Bhushan...

...from a licensed distributor) allow you to quickly transfer a DNA sequence from the transposon vector to one...sequences or mutations behind. Furthermore, piggyBac™ offers a large cargo-carrying capacity (over 200 kb has...line with the piggyBac™ system is that it has a preference for integration at regions of open chromatin,...rearrangement (such as when a stem cell initiates differentiation), transgene silencing may occur (as it would...cassette can be incorporated, and used during the differentiation process. Moreover, a splinkerette-PCR assay...technologies and strategies for their projects. References 1. L. E. Woodard and M. H. Wilson, “piggyBac-...between inverted loxP sites is cytotoxic for proliferating cells and provides a simple tool for conditional...

...subclass, and are part of the reason why different isotypes drive different types of immune responses. Handily... do so much more than that!    References and resources References Clynes RA, Towers TL, Presta LG, ...immune cells. (psst! Need a quick review of the different immune responses? We got you! You can also review...receptors; and so on and so forth. There are a lot of different receptors, but their downstream effects can be...

...thousands or millions of different books. Addgene’s pooled libraries are a little different: each is a collection...collection of plasmids that share the same backbone and differ only in a small region. This makes them useful ...Pooled libraries can be designed for all kinds of different high-throughput experiments. Our most popular ...plasmid DNA. In addition, several libraries are offered as lentiviral preparations to save you a few steps... look under “Ordering” to see what options are offered. Figure 4: Screenshot of the Addgene website...

...microscopy and beautiful imaging. References and Resources References  He, Y., Zhang, T., Sun, H. et al...killing the untransformed seedlings or callus (undifferentiated plant cell culture), which is great for a ...such as cacti and beets. Betanin belongs to a different chemical family than the red/purple plant pigments...left) Mature silique (Arabidopsis fruit) with fertilized developing seeds from a homozygous RUBY plant...(Bottom panels) RUBY expression can vary from different transformation events likely due to insertional...

...redesigning viral packaging plasmids, investigating different viral production strategies or developing novel... already a common excipient in AAV formulation buffers, this sugar may be a more attractive choice for...silver stain approaches we show that there is no difference in purity or infectivity between the untreated...GFP-expressing AAV particles we did not observe any difference between untreated and sucrose treated cells. ...it will be exciting to test this approach with different capsids. Most importantly, because our AAV yields...providing new materials to the research community. References 1. Coroadinha, A. S., et al. "Effect of osmotic...

...Argonaute proteins play an important role in RNA interference, binding RNA guides to cleave foreign RNA. Argonaute...editing efficiency. Gao et al. tested if NgAgo preferred certain guide sequences - using 5 guides/gene ...gene for 10 genes, they did not observe differences in cleavage efficiency. If this finding is replicated...) or staggered (Cpf1) cleavage. NgAgo takes a different approach, randomly removing 1-20 nucleotides from...Read About NgAgo User's First Impressions Here References 1. Gao, Feng, Xiao Z. Shen, Feng Jiang, Yongqiang... 2. Swarts, Daan C., et al.  “DNA-guided DNA interference by a prokaryotic Argonaute.” Nature. 507(7491...

... use of several Cre transgenic mice targeting different brain areas enabled the drawing of a detailed ...the genOway press release for more information. References Abdallah, Khaled, et al. "Adeno-associated virus... delivery of Cre recombinase in mouse primary afferents." Scientific reports 8.1 (2018): 7321. PubMed .... PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3979449. Fenno, Lief, Ofer Yizhar, and Karl Deisseroth. "The development and...and Luk H. Vandenberghe. "Therapeutic AAV gene transfer to the nervous system: a clinical reality." Neuron...comparative study of strains of Halobacterium halobium differing in pigmentation." Biochemical and biophysical ... Addgene website Visit our molecular biology reference Find Cre-lox plasmids at Addgene Browse plasmids...

...saw that these AAV particles come in a slightly different shape. These AAV particles are often found with...able to infect more cells (as demonstrated in different cellular environments such as retina or glioblastoma...purification protocols for isolating exo-AAVs rely on differential centrifugation steps to separate cell culture...Exo-AAVs have improved transduction profiles in different AAV serotypes both in vitro and in vivo when compared...to inactivation through anti-AAV antibodies. References György, Bence, et al. "Naturally enveloped AAV...PMC3345986. Meliani, Amine, et al. "Enhanced liver gene transfer and evasion of preexisting humoral immunity with...

...efficacy of different materials so that we could have discussions about the pros and cons of different fabrics...about the difference between airborne and aerosolised droplet transmission and how different fabrics and...sexual and reproductive health.    References and Resources References Drummond, C., & Fischhoff, B. (2017...

... is it different from a CV? Get familiar with the general format of a resume and the different presentation...Wondering how you can develop more transferable skills? See Developing Transferable Skills During Science Training...advantage over other candidates. Write about your transferable skills Some of the skills you developed might...have presented in some public lectures? These transferable skills could be meaningful for your potential...

...cancer due to its involved in cell proliferation and differentiation.  Since Ras is a membrane localized...gene expression changes lead to cell proliferation and differentiation. The lab confirmed this OptoNB-SOS...OptoNBs that bind cell signaling receptors would offer more levers to pull to control signaling pathways...for more uses both inside and outside cells. References Gil, Agnieszka A., et al. "Optogenetic control...

...work to. Before submitting your paper to your preferred  journal, it is important to check the journal...reviewer’s name and affiliations, and the entire referee report are permanently attached to the published...authors and readers are able to comment on the referee reports. If the reviewers suggest that the manuscript...of the article, while the first version and the referee reports remain available online. Open-peer reviewing...reviewing is beneficial for both the referees (as they get credit for their time and effort) and the scientific...prerequisites of the journal. Ask colleagues (preferably native English speakers) to proofread your manuscript...