...distance so ideal implant placement should be about 0.4-0.5mm above the site of your stimulation. The scatter...scatters a great deal once it enters tissue, placement above the site of stimulation guarantees that the majority...instead). Laser stimulation         In the video above, Channelrhodopsin 2 (Chr2) has been expressed in...These lasers are relatively cheap and will run you about $2-3,000/laser. However, an important caveat is ...output of the laser must be controlled. As discussed above, each opsin variant has slightly different activation...

... Watson and Javier García-Nafría from the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. Plasmid cloning is an essential...with successful recombination reported in all laboratory E. coli strains tested so far. The use of this...low cost and can be immediately adopted by any laboratory. All procedures are performed using the same... Watson and Javier García-Nafría from the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. Jake Watson is a postdoctoral...postdoctoral researcher in neurophysiology at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. He is currently investigating...García-Nafría is an investigator scientist at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. He is interested in neuronal...

...Control Protein Activity Learn more about protein tags Read about E. coli strains for protein expression..., if not better, than antibodies for all of the above listed molecular techniques, but they can also be...protein purification methods. Read on to learn more about nanobodies and how their structure and function ...between a fluorescent tag and the target antigen to about 2 nm, which can lead to higher resolution for super-resolution...nanobodies. If you’re interested, you can learn more about how nanobodies are identified in this review. If...

...early employees spent this remaining time by elaborately pranking each other, dressing in costume, and...frequently ask the question, “What’s your favorite part about working at Addgene?” Most Addgenies reply with an... confident that their teammates and project collaborators have completed their work thoroughly. It’s kind...rose-colored-glasses-esque picture of how everyone is kind and collaborative and all we do is have fun all day long, whistling...megaphone, or your company’s intranet. Don’t forget about the power of simple word of mouth - be sure to bring...company.        Additional Resources Read other posts about life at Addgene!Read more of our careers posts! ...

...on becoming grant writers. When we asked others about how they became grant professionals, mid- to late-career...late-career grant professionals have similar stories about a time when their passion for an organization or... logic models, established partnerships and collaborations, and commitments to and proof of compliance...grants. It is no surprise that the U.S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics shows that employment of grant writers... skills & passion  Skills such as research, collaboration across multiple disciplines, writing, project...development strategy builds on the steps listed above and formalizes your development. You may consider...

...Learn more about AAVs Resources on the Addgene website Visit the AAV Data Hub Learn more about the viral...resources available from Addgene. There’s a lot to talk about! And by the way, there will be viral vector jokes...injection site, and incubation time. Learn more about the Data Hub in this blog post. Alongside our efforts...SfN2019, stop by booth #2163 to say hi and learn more about Addgene’s viral service. Additional resources on...

...disadvantages of this overall rewarding role. Learn about Other Addgenies and Their Careers in Our Career ...general experimental guidance, and resolve complaints about products. As you might expect, different companies...order to enhance the OD signals and then complain about high background. In many instances, variations ...protocol. And customers may tell all sorts of details about the application, just not the ones that matter. ...communication, and is particularly excited to hear about novel developments in the fields of gene and cellular...Academic v. Non-Academic Career Decisions Learn about Science Career Options Explore Tips for Technical...

...Learn All about Mammalian Vectors Read up on CRISPR Delivery Systems for Mammalian Cells Learn about the Dangers...Misidentified or cross-contaminated cells have been known about since 1966 when Stanley Gartler reported that most...there is a loss of reputation that can impede collaborations, especially with industry. Today we also have...The LGC Group also provides standards and has laboratories to carry our independent quality control for...culture contamination." Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine 133.9 (2009): 1463-1467. PubMed PMID...

...fraction (<1%) of authors have asked for advice about the scope of the policy. End of story? Not quite...the data policy was raised by researchers worried about the effort to make the underlying data easily available...making data available, but there remains concern about the extra work this may entail.  So if access to...be archived? Simplifying data access Some of the above mentioned issues could be mitigated by on-line services...him on Twitter @jwoodgett.     More Discussions About Data Sharing: PLOS Data Sharing Policy Discussion...Scholarly Kitchen) Read more Addgene blog posts about scientific sharing ...

...Promoter of the arabinose metabolic operon Inducible by arabinose and repressed catabolite repression in the ...Browse All Plasmids 101 Posts Learn about Mammalian Vectors Read about Reporter Gene like Luciferase and...and operators (response elements). Promoters are about 100 to 1000 base pairs long and found upstream of...this list is a great place to start, the tables above do not delve into the tissue or development-specific...

...screenshot above). Don’t see your favorite organism listed? Help us serve you! Let us know about other organisms...useful plasmid that’s not in the collection? Tell us about it with our Suggest a Plasmid Form! Finally, if... if you would like to get the word out about a particular microorganism, microbial technique, or microbial...microbial technology, sign up to write about it on the Addgene blog. ...

...occurring regions in the 5’ UTR of mRNA that bind metabolites, leading to conformational changes that control...Spinach-based riboswitches can be used as stable metabolite sensors for imaging in live cells. By placing...placing Spinach downstream of a riboswitch, metabolite binding to the riboswitch instead activates Spinach ...Dimerization of Broccoli increases its fluorescence by about 1.8-fold, and may be a better choice for imaging...modification that reduces nonspecific binding with RNA by about 7x). Mango fluoresces nearly as brightly as Spinach...Additional resources on the Addgene blog Learn more about aptamer fluorophores Investigate other fluorescent...

... Read about frankenbodies, an anti-HA scFv-based probe for fluorescent imaging. Learn more about antibodies...Köhler who developed hybridoma technology. But what about single chain fragment variables (scFvs)? scFvs weren...from inclusion bodies, it’s time-consuming and laborious.  To avoid this, one or more of these approaches...antibodies  Read about another reagent sharing platform for antibodies, the Developmental Studies Hybridoma...Hybridoma Bank Learn more about the SunTag system which uses an scFv to amplify the fluorescence intensity ...

...thiamine metabolism Requires exogenous thiamine for growth ara disruption of arabinose metabolism pathway...little prokaryotic minions that carried out the labor-intensive process of replicating your new plasmid... Phage resistance gal Mutation in galactose metabolism pathway Cells cannot grow on galactose only ...repressed more   LacZ β-galactosidase activity abolished   lacY Lactose permease inactivated, lactose...plasmid stability recBCD Exonuclease V activity abolished Increased plasmid stability, reduced recombination...

...Addgene Blog Learn about Plasmid Awards to Researchers Working on Rare Diseases Read About Some of Our Outreach...Allied Sciences in Ghana. Read on to learn more about doctors Bengyella and Duedu and how they plan to...He hopes to teach his molecular biology students about the functions of these powerful tools and to use...China Additional Resources on Addgene.org Learn About Addgene's Mission Check Out Our International Shipping...

...Addgene blog. In fact, we have so many blog posts about careers that we’ve compiled our top career blog ...wait until you need a job to meet people and learn about what's out there.”- Joanne Kamens, Executive Director...school, I came across Joseph Campbell, and read about his "follow your bliss' mantra and never forgot ...Usually when I see inspiring artists who are thinking about getting into the arts (or any career to be honest...follow your passion. Do what you love. Don't worry about the rest.”- Jason Snair, Product Designer On the...

...ways scientists have adapted them for use in the laboratory. The discovery of GFP The story of how fluorescent...particularly interesting. Although humans have known about bioluminescent organisms and their characteristic...sequence. Soon after that, in 1994, Prasher’s collaborator Martin Chalfie expressed GFP in exogenous organisms...studying it grew. In particular, studies in the laboratory of UCSD biochemist Roger Tsien resulted in much...for you, so if you’re interested in learning more about fluorescent proteins, I invite you to download our...

...promote scientific sharing. Listen to learn more about Darrell, his research, and his focus on open science...Medicine and in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. He attends in the Medical Intensive...NIH-funded Principle Investigator in the Kotton Laboratory and is the founding Director of the Center for...Podcast.     Additional Resources from Addgene Learn about Retinal Gene Therapy from Connie Cepko Find Plasmids...Plasmids from the Kotton Lab Learn more about Stem Cells ...

... on CRISPR Mouse Models Learn about Homology Directed Repair Learn about Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) ... a variety of species, including the standard laboratory mouse. It’s also made targeted insertions relatively...process of conventional gene targeting is lowered to about 2-3 months. But certain models remain more difficult... a mouse embryo to create chimeric mice. This laborious process takes ~8-10 months. With CRISPR (B), you...directly into a zygote and obtain a knockout mouse in about 3 months. Image courtesy of Wenning Qin. Single-stranded...

...USA-Europe professional collaborations, setting up bases and contacts with Spanish laboratories to start working...where individuals can exchange ideas, network, collaborate, and innovate internationally. Why an International...needs, and came from the universities mentioned above. The initial IMP cohort of 78 mentees included: ...    Other Resources Visit the IMP website Learn about the Mentor Circle Program at Brigham and Women's...Networking for Scientists Series Read our Blog Post about Choosing a Mentor      ...