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TypeBlog Post...By stitching together a stable scaffold and HA-binding regions, the Stasevich lab created a versatile ...Part stable scaffold, part epitope binding region, all fused to a fluorescent protein. “Frankenbody,”...the issues with these antibody based probes the Stasevich lab used an alternative strategy to develop a ...et al., 2019). To develop HA frankenbody, the Stasevich lab tested several scFvs scaffolds previously ... scFv hybrid provides the probe structure and stability from the scaffold as well as specificity towards...cells. In their proof of concept experiment the Stasevich lab observed colocalization of GFP tagged HA frankenbody... the HA frankenbody tool-kit at Addgene to get started with your experiments! What else can you do with...
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Plasmids 101: Restriction Cloning
TypeBlog Post...orientation. For instance, if you were cloning a gene into an expression vector, you would want the start of the...gel (this table is not inclusive of all gel stains): Stain Pre or Post Run? Visualization Sensitivity...these stains see the Bitesize Bio Blog and their associated manufacturers websites. These stains require...require you to either stain your gel after you run your samples or add the stain as the gel is being made...promoter, you can add an EcoRI site just 5’ of the start of the gene and a HindIII site just 3’ of the end...purification step, it is important to digest plenty of starting material. We recommend 1.5-2μg of insert and 1μg... recommended) UV or Green (~500nm) Light 0.1 Crystal Violet Pre and Post Visible Light 100 Methylene... -
CRISPR Between the Genes: How to Experiment with Enhancers and Epigenomics
TypeBlog Post...with three coordinates: chromosome, start, and stop. For instance (chr3, 1, 10) indicates a stretch of...first generated a multi-fasta file of the hg19 genome using Bedtools getFasta. These regions and their...find all coffee shops near your house, excluding Starbucks. Taking a nerdy perspective, you might denote ...your search as follows: (my_house + coffee) - starbucks See how the notation works? The + operator denotes...regions of DNA that demonstrate “spooky action at a distance.” Through the marvel of DNA compaction, an enhancer...above formula to a real-world experiment. We’ll start with ChIP-seq data from the ENCODE project, find... final step is to conduct our CRISPR screen. We start by infecting millions of embryonic stem cells (ESCs... -
Resume Writing for Non-academic Science Careers
TypeBlog Post...searching. Start your career planning early, start now Don't wait until the day you defend to start thinking... job asks for experience in “statistical analysis”, mention “statistical analysis” (word by word) in your...thinking about your next step. Start thinking now. Start browsing job postings and look at the jobs you are... debating whether to stay in academia or not, it is even more important to start early. Think about your...during graduate school into your resume? How can you stand out among all the candidates applying for the position...handled large data sets and are familiar with statistical analysis. If you have done fluorescent imaging... which case talk about your research, as an understanding of the topic will give you some advantage over... -
Hot Plasmids: Fall 2024
TypeBlog Post... improve solubility and stability (Figure 2). Figure 2: Crystal structures of CRBNmidi alone...resource for advancing our understanding of its biology, pathogenicity, and resistance mechanisms. ...version is a fusion of mouse variable and rabbit constant domains and is recommended for use in western ...produce your own antibody or want to swap out the constant domains, the plasmids for the heavy chain and ...Kroupova et al., 2024). They were able to study and crystallize CRBNmidi on its own, with drug ligands, and in... in ternary complexes with other proteins, establishing CRBNmidi as a promising tool for future structure-guided...(2024). Design of a Cereblon construct for crystallographic and biophysical studies of protein degraders... -
Healthcare Consulting: A Door to the Business of Life Sciences
TypeBlog Post...consultants advise pharmaceutical companies, biotech start-ups, health insurance companies, and governments...these teams develop communication strategies, or understand, and publish on the health and economic benefits...senior leadership and members of their consulting staff. Who would enjoy healthcare consulting? One of the...situations might be especially challenging. For instance, the client might need to get a large amount of...decision determines whether the client invests substantial monetary and human resources towards the development...communicating ideas in a content-rich, easy-to-understand set of PowerPoint slides. What are some of the...These mechanisms include efforts like flexible staffing on case teams, where case managers are encouraged... -
When Fidelity Matters: A frank discussion about ligase fidelity
TypeBlog Post...observed in the crystal structures of several DNA ligases bound to substrate (23, 24). Thermostable DNA ligases... and crystallization of an archaeal DNA ligase from Pyrococcus furiosus." Acta Crystallographica Section...ligase is a NAD+-dependent DNA ligase from a thermostable bacterium that can survive high temperatures...advantage of the high fidelity of Taq and other thermostable DNA ligases. These applications detect specific...amplified fragment) and treated with a high fidelity thermostable DNA ligase. If the target sequence is present...substrates than pyrimidine:purine mismatches. Helix stability also plays some role, and mismatches with more...detectably ligate many T:G, T:T, and A:C mismatches. Thermostable DNA ligases are active at elevated temperatures... -
Lambda Red: A Homologous Recombination-based Technique for Genetic Engineering
TypeBlog Post...tetracycline resistance gene and the lambda red repressor cI857. Once introduced, the prophage is stable and ...dsDNA-dependent exonuclease. Exo will degrade linear dsDNA starting from the 5’ end and generate 2 possible products...replace a gene of interest with an antibiotic resistance cassette. Substrate DNA Design and Generation... selectable DNA fragments, such as antibiotic resistance genes, as well as non-selectable DNA fragments...an easy fix, but can only be used in limited circumstances. An alternative approach is to flank the desired...prophage A number of E. coli strains exist that stably express lambda red recombineering genes due to ...℃. Mini-λ A hybrid between using a plasmid and stable integration of a defective prophage is to use mini-λ... -
It’s Bioelectric! An Exciting Interdisciplinary Field of Research
TypeBlog Post...cells with a membrane possess an electrical state. This state, known as the resting potential (Vmem), can... plasma membrane specificity. Stable Step Function Opsin - A stabilized step function opsin (SSFO) for...collection of bi-stable anion optogenetic channels which can be toggled between open and closed states using different... junction proteins cx43 GJB1 GJB2 Bioelectric states can alter cell types and patterning There is mounting... or cancerous it is (Levin et al., 2017). These states can even be necessary and sufficient for certain...visualize or perturb these slower-changing bioelectric states in living cells. Since bioelectrical signals are...indicators (GEVI) are ideal tools to track bioelectric states (Matthew et al., 2018). These allow for not only... -
5 Steps to Writing Grant Proposals for Grad Students
TypeBlog Post... side of the grant to be established. Take time to read and fully understand the RFA. The RFA contains.... Now is the time to make bold statements. While some of the statements may be slightly far reaching, ...italic, or underline font formats helps these statements stand out from the rest of the text. Specific aims...always helpful to remember that if a PI asks for assistance in the grant application process, she has faith...opportunity to summarize the limitations of current state of the art technologies. Therefore, take time to...of current methodologies. This section sets the stage for why your funded proposal will address these ...preliminary data suggests the feasibility of the statement, use it to confirm that your solution is the best... -
March for Science
TypeBlog Post...select your state. State Legislatures: To find the website to contact representatives at the state level you...author do not represent a formal stance taken by Addgene or its staff. In Washington, D.C. as well as ...author do not represent a formal stance taken by Addgene or its staff. Many thanks to our guest blogger...for seeking knowledge. The process begins with a testable hypothesis - an educated guess about how some ...march in Washington, D.C., the seat of the United States government? Politics and science are intrinsically...literacy as I believe people that can see and understand data themselves can come to conclusions themselves... you can click on your state in this map. Finally, the march is meant to inspire scientists to be more... -
Plasmids 101: Common Lab E. coli Strains
TypeBlog Post...increases plasmid stability recBCD Exonuclease V activity abolished Increased plasmid stability, reduced recombination...of 30S ribosome Confers resistance to streptomycin Tn10 Confers resistance to tetracycline Additionally...optimal promoter for your gene of interest, painstakingly cloned into the perfect empty backbone, made...high-throughput cloning, routine cloning, cloning unstable DNA, preparing unmethylated DNA, and more. Many...dnaJ Mutation in a chaperonin gene Increases the stability of certain expressed proteins endA, endA1 Endonuclease...uptake, iron uptake receptor mutation. T1/T5 Phage resistance gal Mutation in galactose metabolism pathway...only gyrA, gyrA96 DNA gyrase mutation Confers resistance to nalidixic acid hsdRMS hsdR(rk-, mk+) Unmethylated... -
With an Eye Towards the Future, We Look Back at the March for Science
TypeBlog Post...) the courage to make mistakes and 2) the integrity to recognize these mistakes quickly. However, many...same atmospheric physics to understand exoplanets that we use to understand the Earth! Denver, CO, USA ...we, scientists and non-scientists alike, need to stay active and involved if we wish to make positive ...role of science in our democracies will require constant vigilance and actions beyond marches, as well ...Institute, most women of reproductive age live in a state with at least two abortion restrictions that conflict...not only believe in the separation of church and state, but also the separation of fact and fiction. Our...depends on it. Deanna McLafferty is an editorial assistant and activist. Washington, DC, USA 38.9072°N 77.0369... -
When is a Monomer not a Monomer? The Top Three Ways Your Favorite Fluorescent Protein Oligomerizes in Cells
TypeBlog Post...in an open inactive state, a closed active state, and an artificially active state due to closure by FP...long distance runner, gardner, and cook. References 1. Snapp, E.L., et al., Formation of stacked ER cisternae...you are using a tag with a serious drawback. The standard EGFP plasmid that used to be sold by Clontech ...its molecular affinity, termed the dissociation constant or Kd, and its concentration. The smaller the ...membranes together and can wrap the membranes into stacked structures including organized smooth endoplasmic... to a dimerizing FP has potential to form large stable polymers of dimers. 3) FRET biosensors that contain...of tubules can be grossly distorted into dense stacked membranes termed Organized Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum... -
Finding Your Perfect Job After University
TypeBlog Post... worked from Standard Operating Procedures (SOP’s) and every item I tested was constantly tracked with...touch with my colleagues and have misunderstandings. Working long distance, you need to be very self-motivated...people from another background or culture could understand. I did, however, find it very hard to speak with...to be in the lab doing experiments without the constant fear of failure because I knew the tests worked...the different tests and became efficient, I then started to become bored because I was not being mentally...mentally challenged. For these and other reasons, I started looking for other career options after 6 months...redundancies can be made within the company; new staff hired in anticipation of the contract suddenly have... -
Selecting Your Plasmid Purification Kit
TypeBlog Post...70% recycled materials Sustainable forestry certification Starch-based compostable bags for kit components...designed with environmental sustainability in mind (Table 2). Table 2: Sustainability features highlighted in...t working for you, or if you don’t have an old standby to fall back to? We have outlined some important...purification protocols can be broken into a few broad stages: lyse the bacteria harboring your plasmid; separate... created in BioRender.com. For the clean-up stage, plasmid purification kits typically use one of ...debris that carried over from the precipitation stage, and then eluting the DNA from the substrate. In...Obtaining higher quantities of DNA generally means starting with higher volumes of bacterial culture. Plasmid... -
How to Deposit Your Plasmids with Addgene
TypeBlog Post...distribution status: Hold for publication: we will initiate our MTA process and perform standard quality...DH5α, NEB Stable, or ccdB Survival. Whenever possible, we propagate plasmids in the standard cloning strain... need to create an account with Addgene before starting the process. After you have logged in to your ...Online Deposit" or "Download Deposit Spreadsheet". Start your plasmid deposit There are two options to begin...pre-publication plasmids" and set a desired distribution status. You can submit "Published plasmids": This option...manuscript is published in a peer-reviewed journal. To start this process, simply enter your preprint title or...July 1, 2025) after three years on hold, Addgene staff may release the hold unless otherwise requested.... -
Plasmids 101: Shuttle Vectors
TypeBlog Post... an antibiotic resistance gene to allow for antibiotic selection, but these resistance systems don’t always... develop resistance to selection toxins. Auxotrophic selection is useful for producing stable mammalian...of bacterial transformation is transfection. In stable transfection, DNA from the plasmid is incorporated...transfection, the vector remains episomal, meaning it stays separate from the genome. One option for episomal...Mammalian cells At least one of the following: to stably transfect the vector a viral ori in a compatible...shared aspect of ribosomal function. A puromycin resistance gene on your vector can protect both plasmid-...also block protein synthesis, and the neomycin resistance gene protects against any of them. But different... -
Tips for Writing a Good Cover Letter
TypeBlog Post... job and job requirements. It’s okay to start from a standard version, but take some time to make it fit...your application, but it can certainly help you stand out. In some fields, a cover letter is vital, particularly...a good idea to talk to people in the field to understand what the norms are. What is a cover letter for... to master ddPCR. Finally, it’s a good idea to state why you’re applying to the specific company or lab...struggling to think of what to put in your cover letter, start by looking at the requirements in the job description...rationale for designing it the way you did, and state that it would help you manage a large number of ...yourself and your background. It’s a great place to state why you’re applying to the job, company, and/or ... -
Transferable Skills Guide: External Collaborations
TypeBlog Post...always a good idea to start close to your comfort zone and slowly expand from there. Start small: Collaboration...implementation, and now must focus on managing the established partnership. If you’re willing to do similar ...my graduate studies at Karolinska Institutet I started working with other groups. First within my department...example, I worked with some microscopy enthusiasts to start a microscopy seminar to connect the imaging community... scientific collaboration - show initiative and start organizing meetings and take minutes. Get to know... little in common with you is much harder than starting a collaboration with a colleague. However, reaching...discussing with strangers stopped feeling weird and started to be fun. I just had to remember to approach the...