...body monomers respond to pH changes by undergoing local conformational changes. These tiny movements are... much force can be generated by conformational changes in proteins? How can information propagate through... repeatedly extend and contract in response to changing pH, and they can rupture E. coli spheroplasts ...and retract over many microns in response to pH changes without the need for ATP or other chemical fuel...vasculature or extracellular matrices) in response to pH changes. Beyond these applications, purified R bodies ...bodies could also perform as actuators in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. They could be functionalized...

...introduction of specific sequence changes. To generate a specific sequence change the cell must undergo homology-directed...extensively for the purpose of making sequence-specific changes in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)... (ssODN), which contains the intended sequence changes to be incorporated into the edited genome. In mammalian...CRISPR/Cas9 blocking mutations in either the PAM (changing one of the G’s to an A,T or C – but avoid NAG)... to be silent. In our view, it’s always best to change the PAM site, however we have also demonstrated...mismatch in the binding sequence, we recommend changing several bases as close to the PAM as possible ...blocking mutation together with the intended sequence change and screen a few hundred clones to find the right...

...warming The New York Times: With Trump in Charge, Climate Change References Purged from Website The Washington...reality – a government cannot declare that gravity change direction and make things fly up when we drop them...outcomes are actually possible for a given policy. In exchange, the government protects (and often funds [3])...scientists has been rising as evidence of climate change, the safety of genetically modified organisms (...90% of active research scientists believe climate change is mostly due to human activity while much less...administration’s actions, including taking down the climate change page on whitehouse.gov, freezing grants, and proposing...advocating for science education and literacy that this changes.  2) Lumping all scientists (and consequently their...

...Engineered and evolved optimizations for prime editing CHARM: A compact epigenetic silencer Recombinant antibodies...in Xenopus nucleosomes and in complex with its chaperone NPM2, but the technique should be widely applicable...more complex protective methods or detergents like CHAPSO, while requiring a lower concentration of sample...  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-024-01227-1   CHARM: A compact epigenetic silencer By Emily P. Bentley...for Autoinhibition Release of Methyltransferase (CHARM), with several advantages over the earlier system...methyltransferase for epigenetic silencing, which can be toxic, CHARM uses a cofactor fused to a histone tail to recruit...potentially with multiplexed targets.   Figure 4: CHARM uses a fusion of the DNMT3L cofactor (D3L) with ...

...antibody.     Figure 2: Changes to the heavy chain or light chain genes within a hybridoma impacts...off-target effects. This is because there are more chances for these antibodies to recognize epitopes that...monoclonal antibodies. Genetic drift refers to changes in the nucleic acid sequence of the antibody-encoding...over time as the hybridoma cells divide. These changes can alter the antibody that is actually produced...produced by the hybridoma, meaning that there will be changes between lots over time. Specifically, the antigen-binding...antigen-binding sites of the antibody - the paratopes - may change and impact the specificity and avidity of the antibodies...be identified by sequencing the heavy and light chains. To circumvent any possible genetic drift, scientists...

...precision medicine a reality. Challenges for cancer variant characterization For many years, we’ve hoped...report includes rare variants that haven’t been characterized? Some have developed exciting computational...algorithms, such as SIFT or PolyPhen to approach this challenge, using attributes of cancer variants such as evolutionary... or predicted deleteriousness of the amino acid change based on maps of protein structure. Sometimes this...Collection, that we hope researchers can use to characterize these variants in a high-throughput manner and...validation experiments. But, there have been two huge challenges preventing us from testing this hypothesis: ...Accelerator Plasmid Collections To overcome this first challenge, we’ve developed the Broad Institute Target Accelerator...

...donor-acceptor pair and a change in FRET efficiency correlates with a change in the distance and/or orientation...to a change in the environment which alters the FRET efficiency. Detecting certain cellular changes with...studying protein-protein interactions by measuring the change in FRET efficiency, from which conclusions regarding...error in suboptimal or undetectable FRET, well-characterized FRET reference standards can be used to validate...rearranging the start and end positions without changing the order of the amino acids in the protein) may...cellular processes and signaling cascades, quantify mechanical tension (a molecular “spring”) (Meng et al., ... et al. "A fluorescence energy transfer‐based mechanical stress sensor for specific proteins in situ."...

...., Bussey, H. et al. Functional characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome by gene deletion...students (1, 2), but educators face significant challenges in designing suitable projects. In the O'Connor...methionine synthesis (5). The budding yeast, Saccharomyces. cerevisiae, makes a great reference organism...cerevisiae (Figure 1) occurs through a well-characterized pathway with multiple enzymatic steps (5). In... or not proteins from the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, have the same function as their counterparts... the Advancement of Science. (2011). Vision and Change in Undergraduate Biology Education: A Call to Action...yeast for budding geneticists: A primer on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae model system. Genetics 197, 33-48...

...the ion pore domain (IPD) of a channel, the PSAM acts as a gating mechanism to control ion flux. The system... endogenous gene expression, which can lead to changes in normal cell physiology and function (Saloman...to one receptor, so it is important to fully characterize the compound, or compounds, you choose to ensure...system allows you to directly manipulate ion channels. When working with PSAM receptors, your impact on...with. Combining a PSAM with the IPD of a cation channel, such as the serotonin 3 receptor, will promote...Alternatively, combining with the IPD of an anion channel, such as the glycine receptor, will promote hyperpolarization...doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0171-19.2019Jendryka M, Palchaudhuri M, Ursu D, van der Veen B, Liss B, Kätzel D,...

...contributed by guest bloggers Alissa Lance-Byrne and Alex Chavez, researchers at the Wyss Institute for Biologically...double strand break (DSB) stimulates DNA repair mechanisms that can be exploited to either inactivate a ...alteration. Listen to Our Podcast Interview with Alex Chavez Figure 1: Schematic of native (nuclease-...different perturbations. Consider, for instance, the challenge of attempting to simultaneously and selectively...importantly, most Cas9 orthologs are less well characterized than the conventionally used SpCas9 (derived...transcriptional regulator without making any functional changes to Cas9. For instance, when native (nuclease-competent... our guest bloggers Alissa Lance-Byrne and Alex Chavez! Alissa Lance-Byrne is a graduate student at the...

... the production of Fab fragments where variable chains are secreted into the periplasmic space to be oxidized...transfection, depending on whether the heavy and light chain genes are contained to one plasmid or if they’ve...preferred buffer. If that’s the case, a buffer exchange can be performed using a desalting column or an...concentration to give your downstream applications the best chance at being successful.  Using a spectrophotometer...SDS-PAGE gel. Once stained, the heavy and light chains become visible alongside your ladder and a protein...Any bands on the gel beside the heavy and light chains can also be measured. Contaminating bands lower...western blot. This can be due to conformational changes in the antigen or lower detection sensitivity of...

...will always be that way. Things change and processes often have to change with them. If you can, set aside... needing to brainstorm with a team. One major challenge with these brainstorming sessions is avoiding ...person who submitted the idea did not have to be in charge of implementing it. The purpose of this form was...creative when you don’t believe you have the power to change anything. You may not have the highest position...received, understand that people can be resistant to change. Ask your peers or your superiors to explain their...unworkable idea into a viable solution.  Anticipate Change Just because a process is working, doesn’t mean...aside time to prepare for future challenges. This doesn’t have to be time-consuming or even very frequent...

...solutions to complex challenges. As a cross-disciplinary researcher, the challenge of keeping up on studies... Sharing your research with the world can be challenging. After months, or years, of grueling effort to... personnel, and sociology journals when I get a chance, but I know that there is much more research that...biology or international relations.  Many of the challenges in science today are too complex for any single...disciplines. Included in the article is an interactive chart where you can see the yearly interdisciplinarity...Out Addgene Videos Over at the Addgene Youtube Channel   After watching these trends for a few years, ...making publishing their research all the more challenging even when it is of quality). On the site you ...

...separates the cells mechanically in a vibrating nozzle, imparting a positive or negative charge to cells that...GFP and its derivatives by the late Roger Tsien changed everything. For the first time, fluorescent proteins... lymph nodes at different times after antigen challenge, scientists were able to track where GFP labelled...two-photon microscopy enabled scientists to see how chaotic and random the scanning was and how fast T cells...et al. 2016, Cavanagh et al. 2008)? Technical challenges of two photon microscopy Intravital imaging is... at steady state or under physio-pathological challenge. However technical specificities have to be taken...imaging studies with blue or cyan proteins without changing excitation wavelength (Salomonnson et al. 2012...

...help. Here, we will outline some fundamental characteristics to consider when selecting a dye or ligand ...Fluorescence microscopy takes advantage of the characteristics of these fluorophores to enable highly specific...Hayashi-Takanaka et al., 2014). Other dyes may prove challenging to stain intracellular compartments in in vivo...impacted by both the excitation coefficient, characterizing the strength a species absorbs or reflects ... mitochondrial homeostasis maintained through mechanisms like fission, fusion, biogenesis, and mitophagy... as Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED), and Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM). These...key to observing interactions and conformational changes in proteins. Both short distances of molecules ...

... Research is Advocating for Change Within the Sciences Learn How Changing Labor Laws Can Effect Postdoc...editors) can move slowly, news about possible broad changes to policies seems to break everyday. Many researchers...active and involved if we wish to make positive change. Below I present perspectives on the March for ...Addgene. Boston, MA, USA 42.3601°N 71.0589°W – Alina Chan The job of scientists to observe how things work...generation is in the veracity of its work. Alina Chan is a postdoctoral researcher at Harvard Medical ...cause autism to politicians saying that climate change is a hoax. This has culminated in the current President...interested in global health policy.  He is also chair of the postdoctoral engagement committee and active...

...tags, FLAG is the most charged, with 5 negatively charged and 2 positively charged amino acids. FLAG tag...tag has a net negative charge with 4 negatively charged and 1 positively charged amino acids. Myc tags ...The tag has two negatively charged amino acids for an overall negative charge. This tag has been used successfully...doesn’t come with a high background can be a huge challenge. Epitope tags eliminate the need for target-specific...

...The late Michael Davidson and Roger Tsien played enormous roles in fluorescent protein development by...community. To honor their legacy, we launched the Michael Davidson and Roger Tsien Commemorative Travel Awards...happy to announce the three winners of this year’s Michael Davidson and Roger Tsien Commemorative Travel Awards... Awards: Melissa Chiasson, Elizabeth Unger, and Michal Bernach. Melissa Chiasson: Quantifying the abundance... in vitro against different drugs and dosages.  Michal Bernach: Developing an artificial leaf replica ...plant-bacteria and bacteria-bacteria interactions  Michal Bernach is a graduate student in Mitja Remus-Emsermann... But the shape and metabolism of leaves can be changed by light and temperature and leaf autofluorescence...

...This post was contributed by guest blogger Chris Richardson, a Postdoctoral Researcher in Jacob Corn’s lab...and yet unanswered) question. Our recent paper (Richardson et al 2016) revealed some of the biophysical ...binding to the cleaved DNA duplex. Image from Richardson et al., 2016. We next wondered if we could...Example single stranded donor DNA and a presumptive mechanism of action are presented in Figure 2. Figure...interaction with the Cas9-DNA duplex. Image from Richardson et al., 2016.   dCas9 enables sequence replacement...accompanies Cas9 cutting. We still don’t know the mechanism underlying dCas9 editing, but it could be very...Results from our lab and others (Lin et al 2014, Richardson et al 2016, and Kim et al 2014) have shown that...

...new light on mechanisms of miRNA-mediated gene regulation Article contributed by Michael Lemieux  Listen...longstanding challenge. Using shRNA, TALEN, or ZFN to edit immune cells poses challenges such as the inhibition...synapses was developed by Matthew J. Kennedy’s and Chandra L. Tucker’s labs from UC Denver. At the core of...researchers split the proteolytically active light chain of BoNT/B into two fragments (BotNT-N and BotNT-... of blue light, iLID undergoes a conformational change allowing high affinity binding to SspB, brings ...host organism, the expression of some genes can change depending on the location. Current methods for ...pathways. Despite several years of research, the mechanisms of miRNA regulation have yet to be fully elucidated...