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We narrowed to 1,013 results for: REN;

Showing: 241 - 260 of 1013 results

  1. Viral Vectors 101: Gamma-Retroviral Packaging Systems

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...101 eBook, 1st edition.  References and resources References Swift S, Lorens J, Achacoso P, Nolan GP. ...pseudotype γ-retrovirus using different envelopes to modify tropism. Briefly, different envelope plasmids can ...packaging; however, they are different viruses and thus use slightly different isoforms of these packaging...from lentiviruses? There are a few important differences between engineered γ-retroviruses and lentiviruses...lentiviruses. First, these viruses were derived from different genomes (MoMLV and MSCV for γ-retrovirus; HIV ...be useful for the transduction of terminally differentiated (non-dividing) cells. Both lentiviruses and... in gene therapy research to reduce promoter interference and/or drive high expression of a transgene ...

  2. Antibodies 101: Beyond Surface Labeling

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...nucleus, a different fix/perm kit is required (to be precise, the fixing solution is different while the...decrease in signal strength in a flow plot. d = days post treatment. Created using biorender.com. Cell viability...lineage markers, like many of the cluster of differentiation (CD) proteins found on immune cells. However...antibody host species interactions. Created using biorender.com. Another way of indirect labeling is through...primary antibody host species, as it has to be different from the other antibodies in your panel. Otherwise... dendritic cell, CD8+ T cell. Created using biorender.com.   Intracellular labeling Oftentimes, a ...first fixed and then permeabilized, using two different buffer solutions. Fixing causes protein cross-...

  3. Antibodies 101: Introduction to Gating in Flow Cytometry

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...graph of photocurrent vs. time. The resulting histograms is described through maximum current (H), the...cytometer to increase the electric current and thereby the signal strength. So, we need to adjust the voltage...Gates are the parameters the machine uses to differentiate between variations in those factors. To understand...a little bit of theoretical background on the different parameters that your gating strategy will be based...measured: height (H), area (A), and width (W). The different measures are represented as FSC-A/SSC-A, FSC-H...(see Figure 2). H describes the maximum signal strength, while W results from the time that the cell spent...cells, blood cells and more), each coming with a different size and structural complexity. After several ...

  4. Site Directed Mutagenesis by PCR

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...sequence critical for Cas9 cleavage), thereby rendering the resulting construct resistant to Cas9 induced...that amplifies the entire plasmid template. The parent template is removed using a methylation-dependent...A*” (in addition to the “A” site already in the parent vector). Also shown are the “B” restriction sites...with enzyme “A” as compared to the products of parental plasmid digestion (blue). Digestion with enzyme...mutagenesis. In addition, you may want to try different concentrations of template (e.g. 0.1-1.0 ng/μl...methylation-dependent enzyme (DpnI) to eliminate the parent plasmid from the PCR products, the plasmid template...patch up the DNA. The resistance marker from the parental plasmid provides a mean for selecting for transformants...

  5. Antibodies 101: Selecting the Right Antibody

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...conjugated to different fluorophores or a panel of primaries that was raised in different species or are...are complex and antibodies may perform differently in different samples and experimental conditions. Be...for IHC, not all IHC experiments are the same. Differences in sample processing, fixation, antigen-retrieval...make sure that you can easily distinguish each different type of antibody and therefore each target protein...unique isotype or species, then you can choose different fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibodies specific...product. Note that many antibodies are sold under different names through multiple vendors, so look at epitope...to choose between the same antibody sold under different names.  If all else is equal, feel free to make...

  6. How Exercise Purges Stress and Keeps Depression at Bay

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...expression of kynurenine aminotransferases, to enhance the conversion of kynurenine into kynurenic acid. That...skeletal muscles led to another clue: differences in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation. It...That’s key because, unlike kynurenine, kynurenic acid can’t cross the blood-brain barrier. By lowering...plasmids from Addgene. References: Skeletal muscle PGC-1α1 modulates kynurenine metabolism and mediates...lowering circulating levels of kynurenine in the body, the brain is protected from stress-induced biochemical...

  7. CRISPR Guide

    Type
    Guide
    ...created using BioRender.com (Link opens in a new window) . Addgene Website & Blog References Website CRISPR..., A., Herreno-Pachón, A., Benincore-Flórez, E., Karunathilaka, A., & Tomatsu, S. (2024). Current strategies...Alternatives Resources Plan Your Experiment Web References PAM Sequences Glossary Publications CRISPR Overview...mutation within the targeted gene. However, the strength of the knockout phenotype for a given mutant cell... into high fidelity Cas9s (hfCas9) . There is currently no defined measure of fidelity, so sometimes they...pyrimidine-to-pyrimidine) Base transversions - edit to different classification of nucleotide base (purine-to-pyrimidine...genetic changes, including moving entire genes to different locations, by combining other gene editing mechanisms...

  8. Finding Your Perfect Job After University

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...’s of working in different sectors. Luckily, I have worked for a variety of different organizations, so...overview of my experience and how I felt about the different positions to enable them to decide for themselves...effectively. I had to learn how to cope with a different climate and culture, and also needed to be resourceful... experience and a second language in Spanish or French, and so they were ideal candidates for these positions...very quickly; as soon as I learned how to do the different tests and became efficient, I then started to ...economy and plenty of jobs in science at world renowned institutes. The lab at the University of Queensland...diagnostic tool for the detection and diagnosis of different types of pancreatic cancer and highlighting which...

  9. Polymerase Chain Reaction Overview and Applications

    Type
    Blog Post
    ... and reference on how to design PCR primers.  Types of PCR Since the invention of PCR, different PCR methods...Analysis RNA detection     References and Resources References Shen C-H (2019) Amplification of... methods have been developed for different scientific applications. These PCR methods all use the same...referred to as simply PCR, is used for an array of different molecular biology techniques and experiments. ...alleles or mutations. ddPCR also does not require a reference or standard curve, which can be time consuming...original template DNA in the sample.  Addgene currently uses ddPCR for AAV titrating. You can learn all...Multiple template PCR - multiple templates with different primer pairs that align to the target region of...

  10. Quick Guide to All Things Lentivirus

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...genetically modify primary cells. Amongst the different vectors used, lentiviral vector constructs have...CaCl2, cationic liposome) or electrical (electric current forming membrane pores) transfection. These techniques...transducing certain quiescent or terminally differentiated cells such as macrophages and microglia. This...ability to infect non-dividing cells. Thus three different generations of lentiviral vectors have been established...transcribe the viral genome in producing cells. Currently, the third-generation lentiviral vector system...to RCL. Regarding transduction efficacy, no differences between the 2nd and the 3rd generation of vectors...marker can be placed under the control of two different promoters. Both the single and dual promoter transfer...

  11. Interview: Hodaka Fujii on enChIP, New CRISPR Tools, and More

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...about your different experiences in research labs. What are some similarities and differences you have ...found that research institutes in different places have very different cultures. In Basel, I felt that ...developing drugs against intractable diseases. Currently, a number of labs are using enChIP, and I'm very... a wide variety of biological systems. We are currently developing several additional systems of enChIP...recently developed the oligoribonucleotide (ORN) interference-PCR (ORNi-PCR) method to suppress PCR amplification...world? Fujii: Fortunately, I was able to work in different parts of the world in my early research career...which is not trivial, and the grant situation is currently much better than that in the US for me. In addition...

  12. Gamma-Retroviral Vector Guide

    Type
    Guide
    ...packaging genes. However, they are different viruses and require different isoforms of these packaging components...type. From an experimental standpoint, the main difference between lentiviruses and gamma-retroviruses is...-type gamma-retrovirus genome. Created with BioRender.com. All gamma-retroviral vectors use the common... gene, due to a wide range of infectivity for different cell types (known as tropism). Figure 2: Gamma-retroviral...Gamma-retroviral plasmids. Created with BioRender.com. Gamma-Retroviral Vector Production Cloning Cloning...with plasmids, visit Addgene’s Molecular Biology Reference . Production Using HEK293T Gamma-retroviral vectors...flexibility to pseudotype gamma-retrovirus using different envelopes to modify tropism, as the env gene can...

  13. Zebrafish as a Model for Behavior: Swimming into the Optogenetic Spotlight

    Type
    Blog Post
    ... pivotal role in spontaneous swimming. References Arrenberg, Aristides B., Filippo Del Bene, and Herwig...Optogenetics in a transparent animal: circuit function in the larval zebrafish." Current opinion in neurobiology...wavelengths and light intensity requirements of different opsins, studies have shown that some channels,...simultaneously and still be individually activated with different lights (Baier et al., 2009).  Zebrafish behaviors... do so, the lab expressed the LiGluR opsin in different subsets of spinal cord neurons using the Gal4/...Gal4/UAS system. This created fish lines with different groups of neurons that could be activated with light...spontaneous swim or escape, was elicited when these different neuron groups were activated or “turned on.” In...

  14. Understanding GPCR Signaling Using TRUPATH

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...number of different experimental approaches. They first assessed the activation of different members of...response to different agonists. These studies showed the promiscuity of GPCRs for different G protein transducers...neurotransmission. But with approximately 950 different human genes encoding GPCRs (Takeda S et al., 2002...a vast number of signaling cascades, inducing different cellular responses. One of the biggest advantages...measure the physical association of combinations of different Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits. When inactive, these ...is used to excite an acceptor fluorophore. The difference for BRET is that the energy transfer is between... the signaling through the transducerome from different GPCRs. This collection can be used to study endogenous...

  15. 28 Hot Plasmid Technologies from 2015

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...insensitivity to other ions In BRET, A mutant Renilla luciferase, catalyzes the oxidation of its substrate...applications. The system can be readily modified to use different antibiotic resistances, restriction enzymes and...either without a tag or as multiple fusions with different N- and C-terminal tags. Additionally, by using... a final lentiviral vector containing up to 5 different elements. Lentiviral vectors constructed with ...instance, the intra-nuclear distance between loci on different chromosomes. The advantage of having this kind...targeted loci during the cell cycle or cell differentiation. This tool should delight anyone interested...function. In order to dissect protein traffic in different systems, Franck Perez’s lab, from the Institut...

  16. Delivery Methods for Generating iPSCs

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...reprogramming factors and wait for cells to de-differentiate. However it’s difficult, especially as a newbie...reprogramming proteins. Table 1: Key Features of Different Methods for Generating iPSCs. One important note...reactivation of Myc or other oncogenes after differentiation has been linked to tumor formation in iPSC-...concerns, but overall integrating viral systems currently lack the safety required for translational use...iPSC-derived cells can interfere with their differentiation potential. Finally, retroviruses are prone ...drawback is that lentiviral vectors insert in different genetic locations in each transduced cell, so ...a single polycistronic transgene or with four different adenoviruses, each expressing one factor. These...

  17. Ligation Independent Cloning

    Type
    Protocol
    ...template sequence. 5' and 3' primers will have different leader sequences, but operate on the same principle...

  18. Transferable Skills Guide: External Collaborations

    Type
    Blog Post
    ... about the current state of a partnership. Every collaboration and partnership is different as are the...collaborators from other institutions personally on conference calls and make sure to maintain these relationships... learning from others and meeting people with different mindsets and approaches can truly broaden your...neighboring lab, you've met interesting people at conferences and you have successfully reached out to people...collaborations and partnerships. There are many different ways to maintain a relationship - many of them...chat can be rather tricky (think people based in different countries). Here social media is a connector and...maintain external collaborations is important? In my current job at Addgene I work with people from various ...

  19. An Inside Look into Addgene's Dev Team

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...lead to wildly different ideas of how to approach a problem, but it is these very differences that make our...similar cognitive biases and this would become apparent in the software we develop. We would all have ...the software design. Each of us brings slightly different cognitive biases as a result of our diversity ...Another advantage of Scrum is that it provides transparency to everyone involved about the status of each...Addgene and ourselves. We are also able to consider different technical approaches that may come up during discussion...developer and I get to see an approach that is likely different from what I would have done. And finally the stakeholder...isn’t how we work. We all take turns working on different parts of the code. I think the best way to learn...

  20. Plasmids 101: Broad Host Range Plasmids

    Type
    Blog Post
    ... that can replicate in different bacteria and express proteins within different host organisms. pBBR1-...recombinant vectors at Addgene!   References and resources References Doran, K. S., Konieczny, I., & Helinski...  A plasmid’s host range is determined by the different hosts that a plasmid can transfer to, replicate... they carry among organisms belonging to many different phylogenetic groups (Jain and Srivastava 2013)...plasmids are more stable, can be easily cloned in different bacteria, and can be transferred to various experimental...and can alter the efficiency of replication in different bacterial hosts (Doran et al. 1998). Regulatory...plasmid has multiple ori that are functionally differentiated from one another. Based on their structural...
Showing: 241 - 260 of 1013 results