We narrowed to 912 results for: ire;

...certain threshold, it becomes depolarized and will fire a signal. The non-specific cation channel ChR2 and... becomes more negative it becomes less likely to fire and is said to be hyperpolarized. The chloride pump...peak absorption wavelengths and light intensity requirements of different opsins, studies have shown that...only Kolmer-Agduhr cells on one side of the body required photostimulation in order to drive the full symmetrical... (2013): 119-126. PubMed PMID: 23246238. Wyart, Claire, et al. "Optogenetic dissection of a behavioural...

...behavioral applications where drawn out effects are required. Targeted manipulation Both optogenetic and chemogenetic...chemogenetics on the Addgene website. Optogenetics also requires that light of the correct wavelength reach receptors...such as zebrafish larvae. Mouse studies, however, require a permanent intracranial implant to be surgically...deschloroclozapine (DCZ) has been developed to meet these requirements. TL;DR If precise spatiotemporal control of...cells expressing receptors Invasiveness Mice require permanent intracranial implant Noninvasive Controlling...

...recognize using an RNA guide. Non-target strand: The paired strand of foreign DNA cut by Cas9, whose sequence...labs have created Cas9 enzymes with looser PAM requirements, which are available from Addgene!   RNA crRNA... repeat section of the crRNA, forming the repeat:antirepeat duplex. tracrRNAs also contain multiple stem...Cas proteins, like LbCas12a or AsCas12a, do not require a tracrRNA. sgRNA: “Single-guide RNAs” were invented... of an RNA guide (either crRNA or sgRNA). Cas9 requires perfect complementarity in this region between...

...have the required expertise to help move your project forward? Most projects typically require a diverse...brainstorming sessions to maximize productivity and direction of the project? What is your timeline? A typical...design, execute, analyze, repeat pathway that is required of scientists.” Professor George Church encourages...approach. At Addgene, we've heard of labs where new hires spend the first 3 months reading and writing a proposal...

...can change entire culture) Specific requirements for hiring more common Likelier to hire on general...implicit aspects of today’s postdoctoral training can directly interfere with a seamless jump into industry.”... opportunities to do science related jobs that require no bench work Better resources available ($)—can...

...antibody that is directly conjugated to your reporter circumvents the issue. However, directly conjugated primary...Strategies for avoiding background secondary binding Direct immunohistochemistry (Figure 2A)  How do you avoid...species on species IHC. (A) One solution is to use direct IHC, which uses just a primary antibody that has...has your reporter (in this case a fluorophore) directly attached to it. (B) Another solution is to combine...

...showing that this protein could cleave DNA in vitro, directed by phosphorylated DNA guides. Unfortunately, Swarts...mammalian cells, likely due to high temperature requirements. To solve this problem, Gao et al. searched ...Like Cas9, NgAgo is also able to mediate homology-directed repair when a template is supplied. Find Plasmids...Cas9 and the other CRISPR enzymes, NgAgo does not require a PAM sequence, so users should have much more ...single mismatch at any position of the DNA guide impaired NgAgo activity, with three mismatches abolishing...

... that we are doing just that. Do you like the direction the blog has taken over the past year? Do you ... 10 blog posts of 2015 1. CRISPR 101: Homology Directed Repair Addgenie Chari Cortez explains some of ...of the basic science behind homology directed repair (HDR) and how it’s used in CRISPR genome editing. ...vector contaminants in your cloning experiments and tired of having to PCR many colonies to find a successful...making a transition into a new job or maybe to an entirely new career path, a career coach might be able ...

...multiple genes. Modifying the CRISPRi system for multidirectional control The CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) ...Modifying the CRISPRi system for more flexible multidirectional control, a new study repurposes the sgRNA ...regulators allows a greater degree of control of desired expression levels dependent upon the type of transcriptional... E. coli. The utility of simultaneous and multidirectional multiplex control via scRNA design is readily...RNAs can be designed to allow simultaneous, multidirectional and tunable control of gene expression. ...

...Drobizhev et al. 2011). But this requires other lasers than the standard Ti:Sapphire laser. It is also important...processes during embryonic development. These are required for a growing organism to make the complicated...for many years, researchers lacked good tools to directly follow immune cells in lymphoid organs. The development...Good two-photon probes when using a standard Ti:Sapphire Laser include: Blue-green fluorescent proteins...PMCID: PMC2700268. 8. Hickman, Heather D., et al. "Direct priming of antiviral CD8+ T cells in the peripheral...

...of the fittest. Cancer cells find a way to grow haywire, access and create more vasculature to feed themselves... tumor cells that escape the elimination stage acquire genetic alterations and alter cell-surface antigen...cells would normally kill cancer cells but are directed not to through these various signals. Over-production...the microenvironment help create tolerance beyond direct proximity to the tumor; chemokine-aided activation...a variety of up and coming therapies. Future directions and open questions in cancer treatment We are... is to be successful, cancer immunotherapy must aspire to be a field of healthcare as dynamic as cancer...

...species. Administration of these dyes results in direct binding between the dye and the endogenous target...target, and thus no genetically encoded tag is required. These dyes can also be attached to an antibody ...attached to a fluorophore or other molecule. When paired with a protein of interest, these tools provide...biotechnology (Grimm & Lavis, 2022). These variations directly impact the way you can utilize these dyes. The...another factor to consider. If your application requires longer periods of exposure, you’ll want a more...intermolecular FRET for ligand-receptor interactions, require specific considerations regarding the choice of...

...depolarization of neurons upon exposure to light through direct stimulation of ion channels. Naturally occurring...genetically-encoded nuclear Cry2 fusion can thus direct a CIB1-protein fusion to the nucleus upon light... tools and improve upon previous tools through directed mutagenesis. Find optical switches in Addgene'...Principles for applying optogenetic tools derived from direct comparative analysis of microbial opsins. Nat Methods...

... event. What are exosome AAVs? In 2012, Casey Maguire and colleagues from Massachusetts General Hospital...that are released from cells during production (Maguire et al., 2012). They saw that these AAV particles...development of the exo-AAV isolation protocol by Maguire and colleagues, other researchers have tried to...delivery of therapeutic proteins to the brain which requires crossing the blood-brain-barrier. In summary, ...: 28082074. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5368844.  Maguire, Casey A., et al. "Microvesicle-associated AAV ...

... institute, meaning the host university does not hire or pay them (typically). A visiting scientist is...from equipment sharing or a collaboration – it requires re-location of the scientist to the new institute... reason. Visiting would allow you to train and acquire the data you need on the new instrumentation. Bonus...yourself. Identify reagents you will need, any required training, and a priority list of experiments you...have a bench mentor or anyone else available to directly help you during your visit. Reach out to your ...

...that when you click on the link it will take you directly to the original article online. It is also designed...several journals or organizations now recommend or require authors to use specific PID formats. For example...Addgene registered prefix and the Addgene ID # are directly at the end of the n2t.net web address. For the...scicrunch.org/resolver/RRID:Addgene_87155) will take you directly to the lenti-Cas9-VQR plasmid page. Despite their...your choice. Or if in doubt, copy and paste the entire line. Cite plasmid using a resolvable compact identifier...

...thus inactivating genes), while breaks repaired by homology directed repair (HDR) pathways can modify the...causes two types of editing outcomes: Cas9 breaks repaired by the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway...Richardson, Christopher D., et al. "Enhancing homology-directed genome editing by catalytically active and inactive...26789497.  2. Lin, Steven, et al. "Enhanced homology-directed human genome engineering by controlled timing ...

...scientists seek to directly probe and build new systems. Such goals require methods to directly activate and...TCS-induced responses are varied; one outcome is directed transcription from a given promoter. To harness...been greatly streamlined; only two plasmids are required per system. Applications of these systems The ...

... bacteria) or incorporate the genetic material directly into the genome to form a stable transfection....the plasmid, and can be assayed conveniently. A direct test for your gene of interest may be another method...viral-based ORIs to fill the void. These ORIs, however, require additional components expressed in trans within... Stably transfected cells may be considered an entirely new cell line from that of the original parental...important to determine the proper concentration required for efficient selection. This is usually achieved...

...unpublished. Fields marked with an asterisk are required. If submitting plasmid(s) using a spreadsheet ...Unpublished or pre-publication plasmids" and set a desired distribution status. You can submit "Published ...general description of the deposit. Select your desired distribution status: Hold for publication: we... need; you can copy and paste your information directly into the file. Email the completed spreadsheet... sequences cloned into it. gRNAs are used for directing CRISPR/Cas9 to a targeted genomic location, while...assembled or theoretical — it does not have to be entirely verified by sequencing. Upload any support files...