...Dephosphorylation Rates: FRET-based reporters can have slower dephosphorylation rates than KTRs which is...import rates can influence KTR translocation. Work from the Covert lab suggests that these rates have negligible...negligible effect on KTRs, however nuclear translocation rates are another variable to consider when designing ...

... frequently used elements in plant expression cassettes: plant promoters, N-terminal tags, coding sequences...C-terminal tags, plant terminators and resistance cassettes for selection of transgenic plants. The complete... gives the option to stack several expression cassettes onto a single T-DNA in subsequent rounds, dramatically...always have the same recognition site but distinct sites where the enzyme will cut. You only need a single...available here.) Although Lohmann said they’ve only tested GreenGate in Arabidopsis, it should in principle...

...efficiently transfer a range of protein sizes in minutes without any transfer buffer. These systems, however...Different immunoassays detect proteins in different states. For example, in immunoprecipitation (IP) the antibody...physiologically relevant levels. Some vendors will also test their antibody in a variety of tissues to demonstrate... methylation and ubiquitination. For example, to test if a protein is phosphorylated following a specific...for subcellular fractionations, a procedure that isolates proteins from different cellular compartments ...antibodies that are validated for your application and test the antibody in your specific system. If you found...

..."The greatest good you can do for another is not just to share your riches but to reveal to him his own...characteristics of a good mentor: Yoda image courtesy of jorenl/Vecteezy.com Helps set concrete... helps you reach your goals Listens well and communicates clearly and openly Gives honest feedback without...to take risks A great Mentor is often one that devotes time and energy to thinking about how to be a great...professor at a research university in the northeast, writes a thoughtful treatise on the kind of advisor/mentor...

...our in-stock viral preps: ddPCR, purity testing, sterility testing, and viral genomic sequencing to confirm...newsletter for updates on all things Addgene; or subscribe to the Addgene blog for updates and educational...that Addgene cannot perform functional or in vivo testing. We recommend you check the original paper of your...

...induce recombination at pseudo- or cryptic loxP sites (estimated to occur at a frequency of 1.2 per megabase...used successfully in Drosophila, so Rubin sought to test the suitability of four additional yeast recombinases...recombination site for each enzyme, were generated to test recombination efficiency. When expressed in neuronal...each recombinase and reporter construct pair were tested for excision efficiency. B2 and R showed partial...doi:10.1007/s004270100167. PubMed. Cryptic loxP sites in mammalian genomes: genome-wide distribution and...

...mismatched recognition sites, its presence induces first opsin inversion, and then lox sites excision, therefore...Mei and Zhang, 2012). For example, blue light activates channelrhodopsins that, in turn, trigger neural...neural excitation, whereas yellow light activates halorhodopsins to silence neuronal activity (Figure 1) ...induce DNA recombination at defined recognition sites (i.e., loxP and FRT, respectively) (Abremski and...floxed”) by two sets of incompatible recognition sites (e.g., loxP and lox511) in opposite orientations...

...from the NIH, in the United States) Strong letters of reference that attest to your talent and expertise...fellowship lasts five years. Most universities and institutes annually advertise for Group Leader positions... a postdoctoral mentor. A good mentor typically writes the grants that fund your research, guides the ...Here is my personal list:   Exercise - nothing dissipates stress and improves your perspective like intense... Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz at the National Institutes of Health, was an Associate Professor at Albert...

...also write test question banks, case studies, and experiments for labs, in addition to testing those experiments... at eScience Labs, an educational company that creates hands-on science lab kits and digital curricula.... [We ask them,] 'Can you read this lab. Can you test this experiment? Can you follow and understand the...working with students and faculty, Caitlin also collaborates with the sales and operations departments at...

...Harrington et al tested GeoCas9’s love of heat in two ways. The first set of experiments tested the ability...following heat treatment. The second set of experiments tested the ability of GeoCas9 RNPs to cleave substrate...genomic edits in mammalian cells. Harrington et al tested GeoCas9’s editing skills by transfecting HEK293...thermostability also had a longer lifetime in human blood. To test if this was also true for GeoCas9, Harrington et...

...drop off the box at any location where the United States Postal Service picks up mail. NEB actually started...drop off the box at any location where the United States Postal Service picks up mail. Recycle plastic...it has to be packaging (no coated tissue culture plates, for example). Check the link for more details ...back. Be that person! If you use serological pipettes from Corning®, Falcon®, or Axygen®, set up a bin...in sustainability. Sign up for blog posts and updates from Labconscious. If you’re inspired by this...

...and Rep40) Rep proteins. Alternative splicing generates the different C-terminal regions of the Rep proteins...key role in AAV genome replication. Replication initiates from the AAV genome ITRs on the transfer plasmid...in the ITRs, uses its endonuclease activity to generates a ssDNA substrate which is then nicked by its ...Alternative splicing and differing translational start sites generate the three VP proteins. The three VP proteins...alternative open reading frame (ORF). While AAP promotes virion assembly, the role of MAAP has not been...

...recombination sites. To introduce a gene of interest into the destination plasmid, recombination sites must first... fragment within the gene or loss of the gene alleviates its toxic effect. Negative selection is sometimes...and integration of the gene of interest at these sites in the plasmid excises the ccdB gene and the cells...gene is used for negative selection on 5% sucrose plates. Exchange of the sacB gene for the gene of interest...

...talks by prominent scientists, including Nobel Laureates, who speak about their work and current, trending...society currently has 1,283 members, who comprise undergraduates, graduate students, postdocs, faculty members...The society encourages interactions between undergraduates and PhD students so that they can help support...students to attend. It also hosts high level academic debates for its members to become involved with. The society...over 170 members in its first year. The society facilitates opportunities to learn about Synthetic Biology...

...year, scientists hijacked survival tactics of prokaryotes to deliver the technological biological blockbuster...demands of the biotech field, let's look at how prokaryotes originally utilized CRISPR/Cas as a powerful ...experiments exposed S. thermophilus to predatory phages to test if the exogenous DNA would be incorporated into ...these studies led scientists to hypothesize that prokaryotes developed an adaptive immune system that utilized...an interesting "arms race" between phages and prokaryotes; the ultimate victor will be the species who ...

...luciferin) is added, the luciferase enzyme generates light that activates the opsin. The opsin may excite or ...activated through chemogenetic or optogenetic routes. Image courtesy of Ute Hochgeschwender . Table 3. Descriptions...that bind a specific ligand. Ligand binding then activates G-proteins to modulate downstream signaling. GPCRs...back-metabolized to clozapine and other clozapine metabolites and these can have off-target effects. More recent...allows for influx of Na + and/or K + ions, and activates neuronal activity. Figure 3: PSAM4-based ligand-gated...RHJ, DiBerto JF, et al. (2015). A New DREADD Facilitates the Multiplexed Chemogenetic Interrogation of...

...validated simultaneously in the brain and the intestines of mice. The result? A very cool tool to advance...fiber implants. Due to the soft nature of the intestines and the requirement for digestive motility to...Using a programmable microcontroller, NeuroStack coordinates optical stimulation of its associated fibers ...wondering “did it actually work”? The authors first tested that the system could induce stimulation in target...excited a class of enteroendocrine cells within the intestines known as neuropods. They observed increased vagus...

... preparations undergo rigorous quality control testing at Addgene meaning they come ready made to accelerate...interested in faster by producing, titering, and testing viral preps for them. At the same time, we’re developing...base for the processes of viral production and testing so that researchers can use our educational resources...researcher Connie Cepko has been helping us with AAV testing and recently had this to say about the service:...virus protocols, information on how we produce and test virus, and quality control data for each of the ...

... one that represses transcription to one that activates transcription.However, this system lacks spatio-temporal...led to functional BLADE variants, too. The team tested different linkers between VVD and the DNA-binding...light, the VVD domains of the BLADE dimerize and activates transcription. The team created two constructs... cannot do with AraC,” says Di Ventura. BLADE activates transcription with the flick of a light switch...difficult to regulate quickly. Arabinose also circulates within growth media and can’t be contained to...

... of DNA and at the same time adding restriction sites to the ends of that piece of DNA so that it can ...following figure, in which we add EcoRI and NotI sites to Your Gene of Interest (YGOI) for ligation into... (usually 18-21bp) When selecting restriction sites, you should use a DNA analysis tool, such as Addgene...Analyzer, to allow you to identify which restriction sites are present in a given sequence. You want to choose...sanger sequencing. DNA replication by PCR has error rates that range from roughly 1 per 500bp to roughly 1...