...) by temperature-sensitive Sendai virus vectors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2011. 108(34): p. 14234-9. ... temporal modulation of canonical Wnt signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2012. 109(27): p. E1848-57....cell type, bypassing the lengthy processes of reprogramming. The process was first observed in the regenerating...during the reprogramming process as they are propagated in vitro as part of the process. This opens up a wide...damaged cells. Here, I will discuss the two major processes by which an adult somatic cell is converted to...regeneration and repair and situations where one process is favored over the other. Cell conversion happens...different cell type. Transdifferentiation In this process, differentiated adult somatic cells are converted...

...immunodeficiency virus type 1 preintegration complexes.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (1992) 6580–6584. PubMed...

...immunohistochemical reagents. Yamagata M, Sanes JR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Feb 13. pii: 1722491115...would become busy and potentially detract from the process being depicted, we can’t forget that those other...plasmids through Addgene, don’t hesitate to start the process! Addgene depositors who study chromatin The PIs...

...with the endogenous tRNA-processing system. Xie K, Minkenberg B, Yang Y. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015...conserved cellular machinery to process gRNAs. Hijacking tRNA processing to make gRNAs In a recently published...in rice plants. Yang was intrigued by the tRNA processing machinery present in almost every living organism...gRNAs with any 5’ leading nucleotide could be processed, a distinct advantage over other methods that ...is its universality; robust and efficient tRNA processing is common to prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Though...

...protein expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991;88(20):8972-6. Moks T,...

...CRISPR labeling of chromosomal loci in human cells.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 112(10) (2015): 3002-7. PubMed...

...expression and high cell-type specificity.  Strategy #3 (ProC): Create promoters by repeating mouse cell type ...

... and genetic engineering of natural populations. Proc. Biol. Sci. 270, 921–928 (2003). PubMed. Esvelt,...

...complete degradation of proteins in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Dec 4;109(49):E3350-7....

...neurons in the adult dentate gyrus and olfactory bulb. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Mar 19;110(12):E1152-61...foundational later on when we studied biological processes, like how our stem cells are housed in specific...G-deleted RABV can divide and replicate (since these processes are mediated by other viral proteins), but the...

...Recruitment of CRISPR-Cas systems by Tn7-like transposons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 114:E7358–E7366 . https://doi....genomic target site bound by QCascade (Fig. 1B). The process also creates a 5-bp target-site duplication (TSD...

...CRISPR labeling of chromosomal loci in human cells.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 112(10) (2015): 3002-7. PubMed...Filonov, Gregory S., et al. “In-gel imaging of RNA processing using broccoli reveals optimal aptamer expression...Aptamer-based assay for prion diseases diagnostic”. Procedia Environmental Sciences. Volume 12, Part B, 2012...

...determined by both codon bias and folding energy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:3645–3650 https://doi.org/...

...sensitize and kill antibiotic-resistant bacteria.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 9;112(23):7267-72. (2015). ...Most antibiotics target one of three essential processes: cell wall synthesis, DNA replication, or protein...protein synthesis. Because they target such generic processes, antibiotics don’t just affect the bacteria causing...increased specificity - rather than targeting a process essential to most bacteria, custom CRISPR antimicrobials...

...systematic studies of membrane protein interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004; 101(33):12242–12247. ...

...direct reprogramming by transformation-deficient Myc. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2010. 107(32): p. 14152-7. ... to the process of collecting fibroblasts, which require a more invasive skin biopsy procedure. This becomes...measures, thereby increasing the costs of the procedure. Episomal reprogramming is an ideal and cost-effective...

...Biol. 2015. PubMed PMID: 25895059 Barnea, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008. PubMed PMID: 18165312...Science. 2013. PubMed PMID: 24136966 Nyerges, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2016. PubMed PMID: 26884157 ...generating protein chains or clusters. Veggiani, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016. PubMed PMID: 26787909...relatively well known, particularly in bacteria, the process of cloning, combining, and testing these different...different parts can be quite arduous. The cloning process alone involves much literature searching, DNA synthesis... Boston University have greatly simplified the process of generating multiple E. coli gene expression ...signaling pathways that control many cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis...

...randomized reorganization process, creating a unique binding site. This process, known as V(D)J recombination...delaying a process through sequential rounds of validation. Validation of an antibody is a process separate...binding partners, location in the cell, and sample processing can hide or reveal epitopes on an antigen. Monoclonal...can interfere with the conjugate or conjugation process. Sodium azide, an antimicrobial agent, can block...proteins to detect simultaneously. Conjugation The process of attaching signaling molecules to an antibody...available. Tissue samples may need additional processing steps, such as sonication. Denature proteins,...proteins from a complex mix. Overview of application Process the tissue or cell culture samples to extract proteins...

....1016/j.chembiol.2012.02.006. 2 Guntas et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2015 Jan 6; 112(1):112-7. doi:... the genome of your favorite cells. Ma et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Mar 10;112(10):3002-7....precision in a native context. Chatterjee A et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jul 16;110(29):11803-8...creating a single-molecule reporter of intracellular processes. Multimerization via the SunTag system also shows...conditions, and could initiate specified cellular processes or be observed at a later time via DNA sequencing...Dimer (oLID) could be used to modulate biological processes, but it did not show large changes in binding ...from the laboratory of Ian Frew simplifies the process of creating complex polycistronic lentiviruses....

...nanostructures coordinate gene silencing in mature plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 116:7543–7548 . https://doi.org... which contains Vir genes necessary for T-DNA processing and insertion into the plant genome. B) The Ti...