...build and grow the gene therapy division of the company.  Ultragenyx’s goal is to develop novel products...manufacturing and quality, especially with regard to compliance with health authority regulations,” Baradaran...Belgium. “That’s where I not only got incredibly compelled by wet bench molecular research, but also became...grants, or setting up commercial and nonprofit companies. His lab focuses on gene therapy work for genetic...these inefficiencies is pretty remarkable. I was compelled to be part of that.” He’s deposited AAV constructs...

...sufficient to give specificity and to also be compatible with a standard PCR reaction (see PCR Video)....design is similar, but we need to use the reverse complement to get PCR amplification. We can start similarly...the ORF). We now need to generate the reverse-complement of this sequence so that we can successfully ...amplify the ORF. You can generate the reverse-complement using existing software (a quick internet search... out Our Plasmid Reference Pages Deposit Your Completed Plasmids Find the Perfect Plasmid for Your Research...

...when Neil Thompson, a research scientist at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab and a ...properties (GC content or rare codon percentage) and comparative properties (percent sequence identity and percent...query coverage) that could be determined through comparisons with a reference sequence database. Through a...content between many organisms and DNA synthesis companies often work within a narrow range for GC content...synthetic vs. natural gene are essential and complementary tools in a time where biological engineering...

...hand. Records of plasmid construction were often incomplete or nonexistent. In the 21st century, many molecular...molecular biologists didn’t know the complete sequences or properties of the DNA molecules they were using...has been thoroughly answered by experts in human-computer interaction (HCI), and we have adhered rigorously...what the user wants to do and make the path to accomplishing their goals as intuitive and painless as possible...who uses SnapGene or the free SnapGene Viewer companion product. If you don’t use SnapGene yet, you can...

...between two opposing forces or (2) the result of competing desires or (3) the presence of obstacles that ...until you don't, of trying to understand your completely unexpected findings, or understanding why your...thrice-failed experiment, this paper was actually from a completely unexpected finding in a different experiment,...your conflict, you’ll need two other things to complete your story: an introduction, and a resolution....conflict to get your audience invested in the more complex story, and then build on that in your resolution...

...Zalatan JG, et al.'s recent paper, "Engineering Complex Synthetic Transcriptional Programs with CRISPR ... the eukaryotic cell for the execution of many complex cellular behaviors, such as differentiation or ...customizable single guide RNA (sgRNA) that bears complementarity to a 20bp target sequence (Qi et al. 2013)....appealing since the RNA scaffold modules are comparatively small allowing multiple sgRNA constructs to .... (2013). PubMed. Zalatan, J. G. Engineering Complex Synthetic Transcriptional Programs with CRISPR ...

...downregulate the expression of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins on their surfaces...immune response to the development of tumors is a complicated and dynamic phenomenon that is interestingly ...rear its head once the body’s immune system is compromised either due to age, infections, or other strenuous...focus on include: Cell heterogeneity Tumors are composed of a wide variety of cell types. This cell heterogeneity...successful tumor progression. A tumor’s genetic composition is constantly in flux and is dependent on the...

...1); similar to an MRI or CT scanner. This is accomplished by focusing excitation light to a point in the... bleaching) to a single focal point. This is accomplished by using, for example, red light instead of ... photons of red light are needed to excite GFP compared to only one of blue. Only at the focal point of...coverslip and a sample in aqueous buffer it is completely reflected. This reflection occurs due to the ...immersed in. Although the excitation light is completely reflected, energy is propagated into the sample...cover samples of this size, those that can will completely image large tissues in a few hours. Although ...

... other hand absorb best at 280 nm and organic compounds and chaotropic salts maximally absorb at 230 nm...SYBRGreen, are specific for double strand DNA (as compared to spectrophotometric methods that measure all... corresponding fluorescence. That way, you can compare the fluorescence of your sample against this curve...relative to the intensity in the ladder. It’s best to compare the band intensity of the fragment in the ladder...sugars under acidic conditions and forms a blue complex that can be quantified at 595 nm. This method is...

...commonly used yeast by biotech and pharmaceutical companies is K. phaffii (formerly known as pichia). What...general research community. Phillips Petroleum Company first commercially developed K. phaffii in the ...Since then, multiple biotech and pharmaceutical companies (along with some research laboratories) have picked...of the uses outlined below. Biology They say comparison is the thief of joy, but I think it’s acceptable...10.3389/fmicb.2020.607028  Riley, R., et al., Comparative genomics of biotechnologically important yeasts...

...need to be decided. Figure out what you need to accomplish to get to the next stage, and then adjourn. ... if any additional resources are needed. All-Company Meetings: As your organization grows, so will the...to address one point aloud. This keeps our all-company meetings short, informative, and pleasant. Email... positive peer pressure to make sure everyone completes their assigned items to keep the project moving...timely feedback on each other’s projects. For all-company meetings, monthly still works best. Figure out ...

...and some home-made equipment. It was humble in comparison to the labs you’d find in Kendall square, but...Most of our equipment has been donated by local companies and BosLab has grown into an organization consisting... Timothy Stiles joined BosLab last year with a computer science degree and had zero pipetting experience...yeast to glow, produce synthetic scents, detect compounds in the environment, and openly publish protocols...the local community (including local garden and compost clubs) to participate in this study. How to get...

... potential binding affinity to major histocompatibility complexes (MHC class I and II).  There are multiple...of adverse reactions In silico assessment uses computer modeling and predictive algorithms to forecast...approach The in silico approach cannot replicate the complexity of antigen processing events that take place ...in-vitro models can be built that contain various components of the immune system. Figure 2: In-vitro...

... precision gene editing. CRISPR-Cas9, the key component to enable efficient base editing and prime editing...unable to process its own array but is the key component to enable efficient base editing and prime editing... or any other kinds of CRISPR tools, without compromising their strategic advantages in gene editing, ...higher Cas9-independent off-target editing in comparison with single-site editing. Encouraged by the results...#186715) and hCtRNA_VT (#186716).   Fig. 2: Comparison of previous representative dual-gRNA architectures...

...equivalent of crossing off days on the calendar after completing your writing goal, which can serve as positive...graph of which days of the week you most often completed your habit is useful for figuring out when to ...makes suggestions on how to make your writing less complex. While I don’t think you should accept all of the...jargon in your writing. While it’s not possible to completely avoid jargon, this tool can help you avoid overusing...collaborators. Zotero is a desktop based program that’s compatible with Mac, Windows, and Linux.  Mendeley and Zotero...

... You can do more than just ‘sense’ biological compounds and reactions; you can quantify them with biosensors... how to use viruses to set up these systems. Components of a biosensor Some of the biosensors used in... that you are interested in. The most obvious component of a biosensor is the thing that you care about...or an electrolyte such as calcium. This varied component, which we will refer to as the analyte, needs ... fluorescence, pH change, heat, etc. The last component of the biosensor is the signal transducer which...

...researchers new to GCE aren’t able to successfully complete their experiments and many others are dubious ...’t give it a try. Optimization Why is GCE so complicated? Well, while the techniques are straightforward...tools are not very robust. When using GCE, each component of the experiment system (including media, cell...optimization parameters the same for all three components, meaning that the final protocol may involve ...has “10x the impact of PCR. But it’s 100x more complicated.” And Ryan Mehl would know. He’s the director...

...Cas9.  For a brief comparison of Cpf1 vs. Cas9, see the table below. Table 1. Comparing the Cas9 and Cpf1...simplified system for editing multiple targets compared to Cas9.  Read on to learn more about Cpf1 multiplexing...Cpf1 CRISPR Nucleases   Cas9 Cpf1 Components crRNAtracrRNACas9 crRNACpf1 Endonuclease size ...expression vector.  See the graph in figure 2 for a comparison of editing frequency resulting from transfection...

...transcription to begin. In addition to arabinose, cAMP complexed with cAMP activator protein (CAP) can also stimulate...another way to activate gene expression, and two-component systems used in synthetic biology use light to...Addgene also has yellow flame light-regulated two component systems designed by the Tabor lab. Which inducible...crossover. The induction mechanism must also be compatible with your experimental system. Leakiness If you...Region Plasmids 101: Cre-lox Light-Switchable Two-Component Systems for E. coli Browse other blog posts from...

...Cas enzymes and variants available. Without a comprehensive resource, it can be overwhelming to choose a...classification system, CasID, to help facilitate direct comparison of different enzymes. CasPEDIA is meant to be...how can I multiplex this enzyme? What other RNA components are required? CasPEDIA provides information on...gRNA design, etc.). With this feature, you can compare different Cas enzymes to make sure you are getting...isn’t always the winner!).   Fig. 3 – Comparison of different Cas enzymes using CasPEDIA. Adapted...