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TypeBlog Post...high-complexity reactions? The researchers over at New England Biolabs® thought otherwise! They suspected a data-driven... Golden Gate Assemblies. Image courtesy of New England Biolabs. DAD Tools The three DAD tools used...Temperature Incubation time/cycling Overhang length T4 DNA ligase 25 °C 1 hour 3-base or ...
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Early Career Researcher Toolbox: Finding Relevant Papers
TypeBlog Post...particularly hard. There are millions of them. The real challenge is finding relevant papers. The latest installment...literature! PubMed PubMed is the classic search engine for finding papers. It’s been around since 1996...Zuckerberg Initiative. Meta is not a traditional search engine. Instead, you create your own research feed by ... -
Nanoblades: Tiny CRISPR Ninjas for Genome Editing Difficult Cells
TypeBlog Post...CRISPR is a simple and versatile tool for genome engineering, but its utility is dependent on its ability ...tool to the CRISPR tool box. Nanoblades are engineered murine leukemia virus (MLV)-like particles loaded...pronucleus of the zygote which is both technically challenging and can negatively impact zygote viability. Nanoblades... -
Fluorescent Proteins 101: Introduction to FRET
TypeBlog Post...its ground state by emission of a photon with wavelength specific to the acceptor In order for FRET to...quantify mechanical tension (a molecular “spring”) (Meng et al., 2008), and monitor neuronal activity (voltage...Nature 388.6645 (1997): 882. PubMed PMID: 9278050. 3. Meng, Fanjie, et al. "A fluorescence energy transfer‐... -
Cpf1 Update: Comparison to Cas9 and NgAgo
TypeBlog Post...Note: Cpf1 is also called Cas12a. In 2015, Feng Zhang’s lab characterized two Cpf1 nucleases, distant...editing. LbCpf1 and AsCpf1 are 3.7 kb and 3.9 kb in length, respectively, larger than SaCas9 but smaller than...deletions at the 3’ end of the target sequence. Cpf1’s strength may lie in its low off-target editing rates, determined... -
The Materials Science of Optogenetics Experiments
TypeBlog Post...fiber optics needed for optogenetics. First, the length of the fiber optic for the implant depends on the...started, you will need a laser of the appropriate wavelength to stimulate your opsin. Each opsin has an excitation...fiber optic patch cable must be the appropriate length for your specific behavioral apparatus or test ... -
Magnetic Control of Proteins: More than a Dream
TypeBlog Post...scientists work to invent novel techniques or to engineer improved tools for familiar applications. But ...variants of MagLOV will be possible with other engineering approaches and that magnetosensitive tools can...biophysics, as well as inventors and biomedical engineers, join efforts to explore the mechanisms and develop... -
Antibodies 101: Flow Compensation
TypeBlog Post... they will emit fluorescent light at similar wavelengths (See this handy emission spectra chart to find...the two of them because they emit at a similar wavelength. However, if your flow cytometer reads them out...Compensating between your fluorescent markers can be challenging! But we hope this guide can help you get started... -
Plasmids 101: Degron Tags
TypeBlog Post...kDa). This system also requires less genetic engineering than some of the other systems reviewed here....PROTAC) was developed for HaloTag. PROTACs are engineered molecules which target E3 ligases to specific...that it requires an additional component to be engineered or expressed beyond the tag and small molecule... -
Mobile-CRISPRi: Bringing CRISPRi to Diverse Bacteria
TypeBlog Post... to lab-adapted bacteria because it has been challenging to introduce CRISPRi machinery into diverse bacteria...antibiotics are often essential genes which creates a challenge when studying them since their complete knockdown...about other CRISPR methods for bacterial genome engineering Learn about human CRISPRko, CRISPRi, and CRISPRa... -
Academic vs. Industry Postdocs
TypeBlog Post...postings. Also, if you work in industry for any length of time, you’ll know more people in industry, which...in-depth discussion about your project might be challenging. In an academic environment, surrounded by lab...AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Novartis, Biogen, Amgen, New England Biolabs, Regeneron, and Genentech, among others... -
Plasmids 101: Protein Expression
TypeBlog Post...particular protein DNA must first be transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA can then be translated at the... however, are expensive and very technically challenging to use. Alyssa D. Cecchetelli is a Scientist... expression in Escherichia coli: advances and challenges Production of recombinant proteins in plant root... -
Transferable Skills Guide: Managing a Team
TypeBlog Post...motivates you!), know their unique skills and strengths (you will likely have reports with different levels.... Personally I found this to be particularly challenging. As PhD students and postdocs we are used to ...was a manager! Second, my direct report was not engaged because I only left him/her with small tasks and... -
Adenoviral Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 Aims to Expand Genome Editing to Primary Cells
TypeBlog Post...Adenoviral vector DNA for accurate genome editing with engineered nucleases. Nat Methods 11:1051–1057 . https:/...Stanchina E, Lowe SW, Ventura A (2014) In vivo engineering of oncogenic chromosomal rearrangements with ...Tran K, Li J, Yin H, Anderson DG, Sontheimer EJ, Weng Z, Gao G, Xue W (2015) Adenovirus-Mediated Somatic... -
Fluorescent Proteins 101: Visualizing Subcellular Structures & Organelles
TypeBlog Post...Collection. You can also use the library of full-length zebrafish rab proteins from Rob Parton's Lab (University...separated, most commonly FPs with red and green wavelengths, respectively, are selected (6). These previous...resolution of light microscopy is limited by the wavelength of light and, practically speaking, for common... -
PITChing MMEJ as an Alternative Route for Gene Editing
TypeBlog Post...this publication at Addgene. 3. Zhang, Chi, Xiuhua Meng, Xiaolei Wei, and Ling Lu. (2016). “Highly efficient...Non-homologous End Joining Read About Other Genome Engineering Tools like Sleeping Beauty Mutase Find the Ideal... genome engineering... -
Transgenic Organisms, Cas9 Gene Drives, and Appropriate Safeguards
TypeBlog Post...mosquito vectors of diseases such as malaria and dengue are currently being performed in regions that don't...applications against scourges such as malaria and dengue for many years. Since more than a thousand children...selfish genes as tools for the control and genetic engineering of natural populations. Proc. Biol. Sci. 270,... -
Droplet Digital PCR for AAV Quantitation
TypeBlog Post...generating the standard curve for qPCR can be challenging to get right. Here at Addgene, we use a linearized...24328707. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3991984. Song, Neng, et al. "Detection of circulating Mycobacterium ...droplet digital PCR for vaccine evaluation in challenged monkeys and TB diagnosis." Emerging microbes ... -
Introducing Addgene's New Search - Find Plasmids More Easily For Your Research!
TypeBlog Post...best plasmid for your research can be a daunting challenge. With over 80,000 deposited plasmids from around...That’s why we’ve built a new and improved search engine to help make this task a faster, easier, and frustration-free...sure you’ll find Addgene’s newly launched search engine results much better. Here, I wanted to find a specific... -
CRISPR 101: Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) Delivery
TypeBlog Post...alterations, bringing about a revolution in genome engineering, with new techniques rapidly being developed....and can be used for most of the current genome engineering applications of CRISPR including: generating ... Addgene. Andrew's interests include genome engineering and microbiology. References 1. Chen, Sean...