We narrowed to 1,031 results for: ELL

...metabolite in a cell. The only way to do that at scale right now is to grow up a bunch of cells, sacrifice ...capable of storing data and computing inside living cells. He's also a co-founder of the BioBricks Foundation...transistor-like digital genetic switches that enable cellular computing. These logic gates built from transcriptors...available at Addgene as a BIOFAB kit comprised of well-characterized bacterial transcription and translation...as an operating system for engineering an entire cell. Typically when people use plasmids, they are trying... you could imagine engineering the entirety of a cell. That's a big long-term technical challenge. We ...That's central to everything that goes on inside a cell. Until we get a handle on precise, forward engineering...

... to environmental conditions, cells must be able to detect extracellular stimuli. One way they do so is...bound to the intracellular surface of the GPCR. Binding of a ligand to the extracellular surface of the...play many roles in signaling processes including smell, taste, sight, inflammation, and neurotransmission...complex converts a signal received by a GPCR on the cell’s surface into action that can result in the initiation...number of signaling cascades, inducing different cellular responses. One of the biggest advantages of such...protein transducers. To use the TRUPATH system, cells are transfected with plasmids expressing the GPCR... and the appropriate Gγ-GFP2 and Gβ constructs. Cells are then treated with the luminescent enzyme substrate...

... and zap the mixture of DNA into cells. Unfortunately, not every cell successfully takes up plasmid DNA...selection: Cells that have gained a specific gene survive In positive selection, only cells that contain...cassette, you would plate the cells on kanamycin-containing agar. Only cells carrying plasmids that contain...Therefore, your cloning strategy needs to identify cells containing the plasmid construct you’re seeking....resistance marker. After transformation, plate the cells on medium containing the corresponding antibiotic...these cases, antibiotic selection will select for cells that have been transformed with the plasmid backbone...plasmids to complement auxotrophy. Negative selection: Cells that have lost a specific gene survive Unlike positive...

...synthesized inside of what is called the “target cell” (or host cell) by the viral protein reverse transcriptase...reverse-transcribed DNA into the host cell’s genome and then use cell machinery for transcription and translation...1971). Noninfectious ARK mouse embryo cell lines in which each cell has the capacity to be activated to ...tools in molecular biology. “Retroviruses” is an umbrella term which encompasses 1.) the gamma-retroviruses...gamma-retroviruses have their own unusual sort of virulence as well — namely that they can cause cancer via insertional..., interested in transferring genes to mammalian cells (i.e. transferring DNA), yet retroviruses are RNA-containing...separate set of instructions in the same producer cells as the virus. Because it is made at the same time...

...expression in non-dividing cells because they remain in episomal form in the cell’s nucleus. But since nothing...hope are many more clinical successes for gene (and cell) therapies. One may wonder why the first AAV-based... providing long-term gene expression in retinal cells - AAV - were becoming available. At the same time... lentivirus (LV) are known to transduce retinal cells, AAV quickly became the vector of choice for ocular...long term expression in dividing and non-dividing cells due to its (random) integration into the genome,...genome, and its large DNA packaging capacity is well suited for larger transgenes. Unfortunately it has limited...limited tropism in the retina, primarily infecting cells of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE). AAVs...

...choose cell lines that are highly transfectable.  The amounts of each plasmid transfected into cells are ...100 ng L, and 2 μg minigenome plasmid per well (in a 6 well plate format). However, since plasmid quality... polymerase gene or using cells that stably express T7 (e.g. BSR T7/5 cells) (1). We hope that minigenomes...capable of being replicated and transcribed in the cell when the appropriate viral proteins are provided... RNA-dependent RNA polymerase into the infected cells. The EBOV polymerase replicates the viral genome...on separate plasmids and are co-transfected into cells alongside a plasmid encoding the minigenome. These...transcribed (and the viral mRNAs are translated) by cellular machinery. NP encapsidates the negative sense,...

...new class 2 nuclease, Cpf1 (CRISPR from Prevotella and Francisella), was annotated in several genomes and...orthologs that display cleavage activity in mammalian cells. Like Cas9 nucleases, Cpf1 family members contain...one to characterize the Cpf1 nucleases. Using Francisella Cpf1 (FnCpf1), they employed an E. coli plasmid...GC-content. After sequencing and searching for cellular RNAs important for Cpf1 function, they found that...the PAM. With this information, they turned to a cell culture system to see if any Cpf1 nucleases would...would exhibit in vivo activity in mammalian cells. From 16 diverse Cpf1 candidates, Zetsche et al. found...particularly helpful for targeting non-dividing cells, which are difficult to modify through homology-...

...barcodes allow researchers to identify specific cells — as well as their descendants. This makes them useful...single-cell level. CRISPR libraries CRISPR screening has become a popular tool for probing cellular pathways... for lineage tracing, among other applications. Cells can be identified using fluorescence, like in the...pooled library. Created with BioRender.com. The CellTag libraries from the Samantha Morris lab use a combinatorial...barcoding approach to observe clonal dynamics and cell lineage. Variations of this library allow tracking...mutations that prevent their expression. The knockout cells can be used to identify genes that underlie a particular... The popular (and deliciously named) Brie and Brunello libraries have been used for hundreds of genome-wide...

...efficient prime editors. Cell, 186(18), 3983–4002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2023.07.039 Gupta, A.,... presented beCasKAS (Wang et al., 2025), an in cellulo assay that simultaneously detects Cas9-mediated...resulting deaminase edits. Applied in primary T cells, the method nominates over 460-fold more off target...captures the ABE intermediate inosine directly in cellulo using a novel chemistry. This approach achieves...ProBE (Emily King, Kleinstiver Lab, Harvard) is a 96-well platform for parallel characterization of hundreds...suppressor tRNAs achieved ~30% protein rescue in cell models of Batten and Tay-Sachs disease. In vivo,...dsDNA caused toxicity at low doses, whereas oDNA was well tolerated at doses fourfold higher and achieved ...

...developed by Dr. Kelly Singel which provides an overview of all available science policy fellowships in federal...Steph Guerra, a AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellow at the Veterans Health Administration. “But, seriously... a variety of science policy roles including fellowships, volunteer positions, and part-time opportunities...current work as a AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellow (STPF) at the Veterans Health Administration, I...pursue regulatory approval for a new product or a well-endowed philanthropy who can shift the funding landscape...compiled by the AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellowship Program to learn more about where science policy...policy? Many science policy training programs and fellowships have a strong focus on early career researchers...

.... FPs are generally bright, stable and well tolerated by cells. They can be used for protein localization...of neuronal sub-cellular structures GFP is limited in its ability to label subcellular structures in the...ability to interact with protein partners within the cell. However, antibodies can have low affinity for these...trigger protein aggregation which is toxic for the cells and affects the labeling of small structures like...team, an ideal probe should combine the solubility, cell tolerance, and optional fluorescence of FPs with...is a symbol of opposition to the teaching of intelligent design in public schools and was started in 2005...used to amplify the direct smFP signal within sub-cellular structures. For instance, smFPs have been used...

...mCherry for FACS sorting of the weaponized T-cells (CAR-T cells) - and then delivering them to a tumor - ...effectively as standard CAR-T cells, but it reduces the off-target effects caused by T cell migration.  CAR expression...Adapted from Fig. 2 Campbell et al, Nature Methods   Find YFP plasmids here!   Campbell, B.C., et al. Chemically...reducing the on-target off-tumor activity of CAR–T cells was recently devised by the Yingxiao Wang lab.  ...above can be made for expressing your favorite T-cell receptor, or perhaps any other tool that can benefit...  Wu Y, et. al. Control of the activity of CAR-T cells within tumours via focused ultrasound. Nat Biomed... is that some antibodies may just not perform as well in one application as another, so it is always best...

...4,000 cell lines. Seventeen of these cell lines were used to investigate the susceptibility of cells from...additional cell line used in this study came from the Japanese Collection of Research Bioresources Cell Bank...that SARS-CoV, which entered human cells via hACE2, could not enter cells expressing murine ACE2 (Subbarao...repositories that distribute mouse strains, plasmids, cell lines, and much more have been critical for pandemic...from Reproducibility for Everyone. Case study 1: Cell lines Many of the reagents used to investigate SARS-CoV...accelerating research into this virus. One such example is cell lines. The American Type Culture Collection (ATCC...of this pathogen. The sharing and distribution of cell lines from repositories on opposite sides of the...

...The catalytically dead Cas9 protein (dCas9) is well known for its ability to bind DNA targets without... to date for visualizing genomic loci in living cells. Previous iterations of genomic loci visualization...labeling system to visualize chromosomal loci in human cells (Ma et al., 2015). To do so, they fused a different...different hairpins will produce a secondary color (yellow, cyan, or magenta) depending on the hairpin combination...visualization of sites on different chromosomes in living cells, the system requires high-copy chromosome-specific... aptamer system to visualize the gRNA in living cells. Broccoli aptamers are nucleic acid sequences that...production needed to deliver CRISPR-Sirius into cells. They named this guide sgRNA-Sirius-8XMS2 which ...

...neatly between yellow and red fluorophores, allowing it to be paired with green, yellow, and/or red sensors... nerve and muscle function, hormone release, and cell signaling throughout the body. Because calcium levels...used simultaneously to monitor or control different cell types or signals in the brain. For this to work,...emission (solid) spectra for various teal, green, yellow, orange, and red fluorophores. The spectra for ...indicators jRGECO1a and jRCaMP1a are widely used as well. To complement these tools, we recently developed... researchers can image multiple brain regions or cell types at once using existing indicators. For example... using  iGluSnFR4 to monitor glutamate in green/yellow and RdLight to monitor dopamine in red.  However...

...-binding scFv onto a well-folded scFv scaffold to improve its stability in cells, and use it in a variety... including live-cell imaging, single-molecule tracking, immunolabeling of fixed cells, Western blotting...possibilities in both cell engineering and gene therapy.  Xiaoshu X, et al. Molecular Cell. 2021. https://doi.org...Anti-FLAG Frankenbodies for modular imaging of cellular targets Optimized genetic screening technique ...Anti-FLAG Frankenbodies for modular imaging of cellular targets by: Mike Lacy Adding to their set of anti-HA...frankenbodies to amplify the signal.  Liu et al. Genes Cells. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1111/gtc.12893, Zhao et... Cas12a for multiplexed gene perturbation by: Gabrielle Clouse While many CRISPR-based genetic screening...

...can be used in bacterial and cell-free expression systems, mammalian cells, yeast, flies, and even plants...transport studies in HEK cells, recombinant protein purification in bacterial cells, and a two-hybrid protein...for synthetic biology applications in bacteria or cell-free systems. The approach is particularly useful...tags to your proteins, then the CIDAR Kit is an excellent option (Iverson et al., 2016). CIDAR offers a ...add-on kit and is compatible with E. coli and/or cell-free systems. Protein expression in yeast MoClo ...plant-specific parts you‘ll need, including sub-cellular localization signals, plant markers, and reporters...of expression and integration needed in mammalian cell types, and comes with a large library of common ...

...training, so of course I felt compelled to participate in one of the satellite Marches for Science (my local...currently a post-doctoral fellow at Vanderbilt University. She studies beta-cell function and failure in... duty to tell our science stories in a manner that encourages open discourse with our fellow community...also incredibly impressed with how well organized the march was, as well as the friendly atmosphere that ...constant vigilance and actions beyond marches, as well as allies outside the scientific community. Vanessa...responsibility to join the public conversation and to tell the stories behind our research.  That's why I marched...against legislators and because the march had been so well-publicized, we might encounter hostile anti-science...

...intensity evolves over time in living cells at a power used for live-cell imaging. To conclude, the most photostable...molecule will photobleach at some point. For live-cell imaging, it is desirable to have fluorescent proteins...experiment. The best fluorescent proteins for live cell imaging can be excited many times, thereby producing...these factors, environmental conditions such as cellular redox state and oxygen concentration may affect...protein is a key requirement for quantitative live-cell imaging, it is important to be able to quantify ...it is advisable to perform time-lapse imaging of cells producing the fluorescent protein of interest under... a substrate. These in vitro methods allow for a well-controlled environment, but they do not mimic the...

...Leonard SP, Perutka J, Powell JE, Geng P, Richhart DD, Byrom M, Kar S, Davies BW, Ellington AD, Moran NA, Barrick...Control of Gene Expression. Cell 152:1173–1183 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.02.022 Ronda C, Pedersen... is primarily a means of selection that targets cells in which homologous recombination has not occurred...ensures high editing efficiency; the only non-edited cells to survive have inactivating mutations in the Cas9... E. coli, the system was used successfully in Tatumella citrea, another species of Enterobacteriaceae,...one or more genes in E. coli. and in a mammalian cell line (Qi et al., 2013). Two important features of...other Cas9 orthologs to identify a more efficient, well tolerated, Cas enzyme. They identified the Cas9 ...