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We narrowed to 736 results for: RAN-1

Showing: 441 - 460 of 736 results

  1. Plasmids 101: Golden Gate Cloning

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...overhangs may be present in the original plasmid (Option 1) or added using PCR-based amplification (Option 2)...Methods Mol Biol. 2014;1116:119-31. doi: 10.1007/978-1-62703-764-8_9. PubMed. More Resources at Addgene:  ...vector + insert may spontaneously religate, this transient construct retains functional Type IIS sites and...

  2. Antibodies 101: Flow Cytometry

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...interrogated by the optical system (Figure 1).   Figure 1: Cells expressing a particular surface ...populations of cells in a complex tissue or sample (1). When combined with cell sorters, this technology...permeabilize the cell membrane to allow antibodies to pass through the cell membrane. Formaldehyde fixation...dye emits green, yellow and orange photons while PE emits yellow and orange photons. If FITC and PE were...sources that allow users to assess a cell’s size, granularity, and target protein composition. It is used for...target protein expression levels, assessing post-translational modifications, determining cell health, analyzing...a pressurized buffer called sheath fluid and transported through tubes or capillaries to a laser. As the...

  3. Viral Vectors 101: Voltage Indicators

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...depths (1 mm), important for certain applications such as in vivo tissue imaging.   Figure 1: Ace-mScarlet.... They can be targeted to the plasma membrane to measure membrane potential and can also be directed to... the membrane), the voltage sensing component (i.e., rhodopsin naturally resides in the membrane), or ... of voltage gated ion channels all depend on transmitting and sensing electrical potential. Thankfully... want to monitor the voltage change across the membrane of cardiac cells. Similarly, neuronal signaling...propagated through multiple cells to do things like translate perceived signals to physical actions. Understanding...rhodopsin proteins were initially evolved for ion transport, not fluorescence, they are not nearly as bright...

  4. Adapting Toehold Switches to Detect Zika Virus

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...detects samples at clinically relevant concentrations (1-3 fM; 1x106-fold lower than before), and our combined... health, energy, and sustainability.   References 1. Pardee, Keith, et al. "Rapid, Low-Cost Detection ...fast-tracked development of diagnostics. Mostly transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes (aegypti and albopictus) ...and electronic companion technologies that has transformed the assay’s capabilities. Specifically this includes...

  5. AAV Vector Quality Control: Going the Extra Mile with NGS

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...Updated Jun 1, 2021 by Meghan Rego. Reproducible data are key to science, so scientists are used to repeating...the DNA packaged inside the viral particles (Figure 1). Briefly, packaged DNA is extracted from purified...serotype. Additionally, we check viral transgene expression in transduced cells whenever possible. This post... for transgene expression. Once packaged in AAV, this pre-recombined DNA could lead to transgene expression... to these expected hits, we always get hits to “random” genes. Do these hits always mean the sample is...wanted to see how low we could go. We prepared a range of spiked samples from 0.1-20% and discovered that...find the optimal dose that allows for sufficient transgene expression but limits the likelihood of recombinase-independent...

  6. Fluorescent Proteins 101: Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...fluorophores are constantly being engineered. Table 1 lists a few common fluorescent proteins and their ...definitions found in Table 2 may not apply. Table 1: The specific mutations comprising common fluorophores...physiological processes. Re-engineering GFP to increase its range of color and application Almost as soon as its...backbones for constructing fluorescent fusions. Transcription Reporter: Placing GFP under the control of a...promoter in a given cell type. This type of transcription reporting was among the earliest uses of GFP...GFP. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET): This is used to study the interactions between two ...ion (such as Ca2+) concentrations and pH, using a range of strategies such as FRET, calmodulin, and others...

  7. 10 Basic tips for mammalian cell culture

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...for example, split cells on a Monday diluting them 1:10, you should be able to split on the following Thursday...Immunology. You can find Sana on LinkedIn.   References 1. Yin, R., et al. "Gene expression profiling analysis... are sensitive to pH. Anything between orange and light orange usually indicates that the cells have grown...culture media contain the pH indicator phenol red (pH range 6.0 (yellow) - 8.0 (red)). Blood pH normally lies...too young and should not be used for important transfection experiments right after they’ve been thawed.... spent organizing, an hour is earned (Benjamin Franklin)! It’s good practice to label your plates and/...

  8. Twenty Years of Addgene Sharing: CRISPR

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...CRISPR tools.  Distributing and depositing In Figure 1, you can see cumulative numbers of CRISPR plasmid ...new CRISPR depositors each year.    Figure 1: Addgene CRISPR distribution and deposits. (A) Cumulative...generate a classic double-stranded break, while modulators regulate transcription and chimeric efforts make...Countries shown are the top 10 requesting countries. FR=France; KR=South Korea; CH=Switzerland; AU=Australia.  ...Pyhtila et al., 2023). Our thanks to Rodolphe Barrangou for his authorial contributions to, and support...References Pyhtila, B., Kasowitz, S., Leeson, R., & Barrangou, R. (2023). The Expanding Dissemination and Distribution...

  9. 5 Science Rap Videos & Their Creator: Tom McFadden

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...listen to the interview with Tom McFadden!   1. Rosalind Franklin vs. Watson & Crick - Science History Rap...telling following the unfortunate story of Rosalind Franklin and her incredibly important role in solving the...

  10. CRISPR 101: Anti-CRISPR Proteins Switch Off CRISPR-Cas Systems

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...cleavage (Harrington et al., 2017). Figure 1: Anti-CRISPR proteins (Acr's) can block CRISPR activity... ways to anti-CRISPR proteins in your experiments 1. Reduce off-target effects Prolonged Cas activity ... Knott GJ, Edraki A, Garcia B, Amrani N, Chen JS, Cofsky JC, Kranzusch PJ, Sontheimer EJ, Davidson AR,...695 . https://doi.org/10.3390/v10120695 Pawluk A, Amrani N, Zhang Y, Garcia B, Hidalgo-Reyes Y, Lee J, Edraki...

  11. A New Generation of Adenine Base Editors Improves Editing in Primary Human Cells

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...editors (ABE) mediate A•T-to-G•C base changes (Figure 1), but it can be challenging to make these base changes...dCas to the genomic DNA of interest  Figure 1. When ABEs are in action they bind DNA so that the...the TadA domain can edit the short single-stranded DNA stretch that is accessible. Image from Gaudelli ... protospacer, the editing capacity of the ABE8s ranged from 1.5x higher for positions A5-A7 to 3.2x higher...References Gaudelli NM, Komor AC, Rees HA, Packer MS, Badran AH, Bryson DI, Liu DR (2017) Programmable base ...

  12. To Codon Optimize or Not: That is the Question

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...10.1073/pnas.0909910107 Varani G, McClain WH (2000) The G·U wobble base pair. EMBO Rep 1:18–23 . https://doi.org... cerevisiae (Tuller et. al., 2010). Figure 1: An overview of peptide synthesis. A ribosome interacts...is codon usage important? Translation and protein synthesis relies on transfer RNAs (tRNAs). tRNAs bind...rate of translation and thus protein expression. In fact studies have shown that translational efficiency...on an organisms codon usage bias to increase translational efficiency and thus protein expression without...mammalian cells. This was the first codon optimized membrane protein expressed in mammalian cells. In this ...conformation, folding and stability, change post-translational modification sites and even affect protein function...

  13. Plasmids 101: Multicistronic Vectors

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...advancing the field. References: 1. Internal initiation of translation of eukaryotic mRNA directed by a... of a 2A peptide derived from porcine teschovirus-1 in human cell lines, zebrafish and mice. Kim et al...discovered in positive single-stranded RNA viruses to allow for the efficient translation of multiple genes from...Elements Translation in eukaryotes usually begins at the 5’ cap so that only a single translation event ...scientists use a multitude of techniques including co-transfection of two or more plasmids, the use of multiple...Unlike promoters which will create unique mRNA transcripts for each gene that is expressed, multicistronic...your gene as they are both derived from the same transcript. Of course multicistronic vectors do not have...

  14. Hot Plasmids - November 2023

    Type
    Blog Post
    ... depending on the specific edit.   Figure 1: Choosing the best PE6 variant for your application...modular envelope design. Nature Communications, 14(1), 5141. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40788-8...also incorporated LOV-Turbo into TransitID experiments.  Find TransitID plasmids here! These two developments...genetic cargo Optogenetic proximity labeling and TransitID Tracking cellular history with protein ticker ...in vitro and in vivo. Incorporating reverse transcriptase (RT) variants, PE6a and PE6b are 500–800 bp ...be tethered on the viral surface, expanding the range of targetable cell types. DIRECTED is compatible...37612276.   Optogenetic proximity labeling and TransitID By Mike Lacy Proximity labeling can identify protein...

  15. Plasmids 101: Degron Tags

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...systems reviewed here. The only required components are 1) a SMASh-tagged protein and 2) asunaprevir (small ...tag size, which can also be handy!   Fig 1. dTag molecules induce dimerization of an FKBP12F36V...of an exogenous small molecule). Degron tags can range in size from several kDas up to ~35 kDa and are ... because the system modulates protein post-translationally, unlike many other methods. Secondly, these...

  16. Hot Plasmids - August 2020

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...sequence derived either from p63(1-29) and Lck. Image from Chertkova et al., 2020. In their BioRxiv post...Reports. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-57500-1 The CRISPR corner By Jennifer Tsang Here are a few...protease allows a transcription factor to enter the nucleus and modulate transcription of the mCitrine ...HeLa cells were transfected with plasmids encoding FPs tagged with the plasma membrane targetin sequence...non-specific labeling. For labeling the plasma membrane, they tested different target sequences for improved...expression can vary significantly depending on transgene design and delivery. To overcome these variations...into genomic DNA with the help of the piggyBa transposase. Image from Hazelbaker et al., 2020. The lab...

  17. Fluorescent Proteins 101: Aptamer Fluorophores

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...be selected for these small ligands. References 1. Ma, Hanhui, et al. “Multicolor CRISPR labeling of...Biological Applications.” Sensors (Basel). 2012; 12(1): 612–631. PubMed PMID: 22368488. PubMed Central PMCID...fluor. Transcribing and translating a protein fluorophore also takes time - bypassing translation altogether... could be screened for their affinity to a wide range of non-nucleotide targets. These RNA molecules, ...The key to aptamers’ flexibility is their broad range of targets, including proteins, peptides, amino ...ions, and cells (even pathogenic bacteria). That range is possible because aptamers can either fold to ...biosensors. Aptabeacons Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology has been studied and used in...

  18. Streaking for Single Colonies: The Streak Plate Challenge

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...Time for the #BioSci3319 #StreakPlateChallenge part 1. Lab B needs a redo :-( @SandTBioSci #CompetitiveStreaking...and spread over the second quadrant. The process continues until all quadrants are used, hopefully revealing...students transform them into different strains of E. coli,” says Westenberg. During the transformation experiment...plate, first the bacteria are inoculated over a quadrant of an agar plate. Then, a stick is dragged through...revealing single, isolated colonies in the last quadrant after incubation. The challenge is usually successful...genetic backgrounds of the host strains affect transformation efficiency.  Aside from the Streak Plate Challenge...

  19. Antibiotic Resistance: An Old Solution but a New Problem

    Type
    Blog Post
    ... to the development of resistance include (Figure 1): Over-prescription of antibiotics (for example, ... communication, and public health.     References 1. O'Neill, J. "Tackling drug-resistant infections globally...methods of ‘horizontal gene transfer’. Resistance can also arise from random mutations in the genetic sequence...didn’t develop, either through random mutation or horizontal gene transfer, means to defend themselves from...bacterium sharing genes with another, an accidental transmission of genes from one bacterium to another through...

  20. Celebrating the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

    Type
    Blog Post
    ...existing protein structures, called Top7. Figure 1: Top7 receives the Nobel Prize. Created with BioRender.com...References Kuhlman, B., Dantas, G., Ireton, G. C., Varani, G., Stoddard, B. L., & Baker, D. (2003). Design...
Showing: 441 - 460 of 736 results