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...you want to buy, it is worthwhile to test-drive a couple of candidates. Before you buy a new microscope,...microscope, it is smart to look at (and through) a couple of models. Before you start a new project with fluorescent...fluorescent proteins, the best advice is to try a couple of promising variants to check how they perform under...that are related to the imaging strategy and the sample. Practical brightness A protein with a high intrinsic...brightness. Consequently, it makes sense to identify a couple of promising fluorescent proteins and to determine... future application. In figure 2 we provide an example of the comparison of the practical brightness of...

...cancer precision medicine seems so simple! Take a patient’s tumor sample, use cutting edge genomic technologies...would be extremely helpful as a complementary approach. Also, in principle, these experiments could find...cancer phenotypes. These assays were designed to complement the one assay per gene approach that has been...genes. These should be used to create ever more complete “look-up-tables” of mutant function that could...

...ever like to write about a recent plasmid deposit please sign up here.  Listen to the hot plasmids episode...to physically set up in the lab, RNAi is often completely ineffective or results in low penetrant phenotypes...low-cost, cell-free detection assay that can be completed without special equipment. What’s more, detection...encodes the LacZ𝛼 protein. Once expressed, LacZ𝛼 complexes with LacZ𝜔 and forms an active LacZ tetramer....red-b-D-galactopyranoside on the assay paper turning it purple, allowing for easy visual detection of the presence...modifying the sequence of the toehold switch. For example, Green has also developed toehold switches to detect...

... cell research has prompted the development of multiple virus packaging methods. Across these methods,...transfection step of the viral packaging cell line. For example, Phoenix, a second generation γ-retrovirus packaging... to enter the nucleus through the nuclear pore complex. This feature may be useful for the transduction... the components found within the backbone. For example: pLXSN has the wild type LTR, an MCS for cloning...sequence. This post was written and updated by multiple Addgenies. It was originally published in 2018...  Multiple Authors...

... range from a defined pathway or reaction to a complex event such as cancer or even aging. For both a ...differences in these approaches can be found. As an example, say you are considering either a cellular screen...libraries targeting all known genes. This is a perfect example of an unbiased, reverse screen – all known genes...possessing a specific mutation or phenotype. For example, a drug screen may be performed on a cell line ...patients may respond to drug treatment. Another example is using a mouse model of a particular disease ...that do not affect the function of interest. An example where a selection would work is if you are trying...

...This second plasmid saves you a couple of weeks. CRISPR saves you a couple of months. It’s higher throughput...system work? Mendenhall: The system is really quite simple but it offers improvements in efficiency and throughput...right thing to do to put these out there. It’s a simple solution. It would be silly not to share it as ...Since the Addgene page went up last month, over 340 people have signed up to receive alerts when plasmids ...additional tips, tricks, or words of advice for people who may want to apply this tagging system to their...

...listen quietly as people discuss their experiences. If you’re hearing multiple people with similar misconceptions... that a lot of science communication is helping people understand new concepts. You hopefully are aware...necessary” detail after “necessary” detail and end up completely overwhelming your audience - like the professor...group was just really tired and needed a slower, simpler presentation than I had planned; other times students...

...antibodies present throughout our bodies carry out plenty of roles just the way they are, the research antibodies... the visible spectrum, so they are great for multiplexing and can be used in a variety of assay types....detection of low abundance targets with significant multiplexing potential. You will find antibody-oligonucleotide...Fc-binding domain (Figure 1).  Figure 1: Examples of sites on antibodies used for conjugation. 1...from antibody to antibody or batch to batch. For example, take lysine conjugation, which is commonly used...reaction or the functionality of the conjugate. For example, Addgene’s antibodies are provided in a buffer ...

...   Fig. 1: A sample containing a polyhistidine tagged protein of interest (purple) and several contaminating...strategy a single protein can be isolated from a complex mix using affinity chromatography against an amino...metal ions are immobilized on a bead or resin and a sample containing the protein of interest flowed through...Ni2+-containing resin. The protein of interest (purple) binds to the Ni2+ and is immobilized along with...tags are also recommended if you need a very pure sample. Because binding strength is proportional to the...

... tools that expand what we can achieve, but are simple to pick up and work well the first time. But biology...something surprisingly useful. To apply these principles in a biological setting, we first need to define...Click Biology. Created with BioRender.com.   Principles of Click Biology Physical scientists have been...reactive groups of Click Chemistry are almost completely absent from living systems. What are the possibilities... kind of cellular computation, making possible multiple logic-gated steps. Beyond the lab, these systems...these tools are already deposited at Addgene in multiple formats: for use in different organisms, targeted...

...fluorescent proteins can be directly compared. An example of a photostability measurement of various cyan...results in a loss of fluorescence, which, in its simplest form, can be described by a mono-exponential decay...intensity decay of a fluorophore does not follow a simple mono-exponential decay (Shaner et al, 2008; Bindels...applications in which far less power is used. For example you might find that you can get useful data from... diffusion, the proteins are (i) trapped in microdroplets in a water/oil emulsion, (ii) embedded in a ...fluorescent protein. In figure 1 we provide an example of such a comparison between cyan fluorescent proteins...

...toxins are the clearest example of a plasmid benefiting its host. For example, cells with a penicillin...Shareck et al., 2004). Plasmid categorization is complex Plasmid classification has shifted over the years...Plasmids may also have more than one function: for example, Gateway cloning relies on genes found on an E....plasmids without clear analogues in nature. For example, helper plasmids were developed to replace helper... Multiple Authors...

... features of the gene intact. Here, we show an example gene targeted for tagging with GFP at the C terminus...interest. For a C-terminal tag, as shown in the example above, we inserted a linker and GFP tag at the ...the GFP tag precisely where we need it, in this example, at the C-terminus of the gene of interest. To ...CRISPR/Cas9 (Cas9 protein and the crRNA-tracrRNA complex) and the donor plasmid into the cells we use electroporation... Institute for Cell Science Plasmid Collection, please visit the Cell Catalog on the Allen Cell Explorer...hiPS cell lines generated using these plasmids, please visit the Cell Catalog on the Allen Cell Explorer...

... parents. Here’s how to cross mice, using a simple example with the goal is to generate mice that have...genome, they are not commonly used to introduce multiple mutations. This is because as more mutations are...challenge that may arise when crossing mice with multiple mutations is if the mutations are on the same ...expressing strains Cre-lox strains are a common example of mice that are derived from crosses. In Part ...With this two-part guide to mouse modeling now complete, you should be prepared to plan an experimental...

...buried beneath someone's lunch. Many times, I’m pleasantly surprised to discover that the most crucial information...from you and it’s wrong. Can you help us fix it? Please address as soon as possible!” and I always begin...your concern is based on data you have produced, please share the data. Maybe not all, but many bio companies...helping us understand the nature of your concern. Please be courteous. We understand how exasperating it...time and money on a potentially faulty product. Please remember that the person at the other end of that..., let your customer service agent know (nicely, please!). We can’t improve without feedback. And if you...

...public, for example at an anniversary or for Girls’ Day, offer guided tours to show people where the lab...into science education Do you aim to reach young people? Try networking with your local education community...Trust blog or the John Innes Student Voice are two examples. Many blogs like Plant Science today, Soapbox ...meetings. 8) Training – Get a formal education Some people get into science communication by taking a media...them to be the “be-all-and-end-all”. You can, for example, get an MSc Science Communication or MSc Science...

...Having never been to China myself, I was pleased to be able to participate when the organizers of the...Lowe lab have allowed them to begin understanding complex regulation of and by tRNAs and tRNA-derived RNAs...long hypothesized that life started with RNA and a simple cell membrane. His recent work shows that they ...replication with no proteins). The chemistry is complex and this work requires an interdisciplinary team... they do it. Of course, No conference would be complete without CRISPR Michael Terns from of the University...structural and functional component of the ribosome complex and Dr. Steitz quipped that RNA in the ribosome...

...to co-localize multiple enzymes in a reaction pathway, the MPyV system provides a simple, efficient method...SARS-CoV-2 by mutational scanning By Seth Kasowitz As multiple antibody-based vaccines are deployed around the...many aaRSs exist within a multi-tRNA synthetase complex, the team investigated whether the generated antibodies...antibodies were able to immunoprecipitate the entire complex in three different cell lines. The Gräslund lab...jbc.RA120.01289     Novel protein cage provides simple enzyme protection in yeast bioproduction pathways...

... passage number. Especially in a lab where multiple people are working on different things, this will ...in use. Wipe the hood with a disinfectant (most people use 70% ethanol, but you can also use Incidin wipes... this purpose.Learn about the effects of CO2 on sample pH Cell morphology: Shape and size matter You should...which multiplies every 16 hours). So if you, for example, split cells on a Monday diluting them 1:10, you...contaminated.Learn how Addgene uses barcodes to track samples Keep track of passage numbers Keep an eye on the...

...through homologous recombination. The concept is simple: deliver a template with a modified version of ...homology is typical for targeting constructs. In the example shown in Figure 1, large sequences corresponding...is expressed (knocked in). As seen in the above example, you can remove a floxed resistance gene using ...plasmids described in the preceding sections are simple ways of knocking out a non-essential gene of interest...there are 3 loxP sites, recombination can occur in multiple ways. The desired recombination event will remove...tools for creating knockout animals or cell lines, please consider sharing them by depositing with Addgene...