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...2–3 ml Skill required: intermediate Intramuscular Intramuscular (IM) injections occur, as the name suggests... surrounding organs in the abdomen. They are a popular choice for administering different drugs and viral...injection site is straightforward, as it targets large muscle groups (usually the thigh), though it is ...theoretically be performed anywhere on the body, somewhere large, flat, and easily accessible (like the back) is ...Intranasal instillation Intranasal instillation is very similar to its intratracheal counterpart, as both procedures...Peritoneal cavity 25–27 < 2–3 mL Intermediate Intramuscular Mechanical restrainer Thigh 25–27 < 0.02–0.05...Mouse Modeling Part 1 Mouse Modeling Part 2 Five Popular Model Organisms Additional resources on Addgene.org...

...Cellular communication and function depend on potential energy. Cellular activities like action potentials...mentioned, cellular voltage is measured at the cell membrane, and this voltage is particularly physiologically...heart issues stem from the heart beating at an irregular or insufficient level. The heartbeat – a muscle... change across the membrane of cardiac cells. Similarly, neuronal signaling is carried out by action potentials...quenching of the fluor via FRET. This system is particularly powerful for in vivo imaging especially since... This specific example is attractive due to the large number of sheer molecules and signal you can generate...membrane, otherwise they aren’t all that useful. The cellular localization component is typically handled by...

...respectively, quickly became popular, and have maintained that popularity through the years.  Libraries... and requesting each year (Figure 2). We did a similar analysis with CRISPR pooled libraries, although...nucleases, the original CRISPR tool, remain the most popular deposited and distributed CRISPR plasmids. But ...were knockout libraries, and they remain the most popular with our requestors. However, we can again see ...Figure 3), we saw that once CRISPR plasmids become popular, they continue to be requested through the years... deposited, you can see that from 2013 and on, popular CRISPR plasmids seem to never truly go out of style... in Figure 3, indicates that the usefulness of popular CRISPR tools is both enduring and rapidly recognized...

...distinguish between two similar types of HPV, HPV16 and HPV18, from human cells, at atomolar levels, within one...platforms to reliably detect nucleic acids at the atomolar level. The Zhang lab has adapted natural RNase...reporter enables SHERLOCK to detect DNA or RNA with atomolar sensitivity and single base pair mismatch specificity...be detected on commercial lateral flow strips, similar to pregnancy tests. With lateral flow strips, the...CRISPR Cas variant that can also cleave dsDNA similarly to Cas9 (Zetsche et al., 2015 ). Cas12a however...DETECTR. How does DETECTR work? DETECTR works similarly to SHERLOCK. Cas12a is targeted to a specific ...nucleic acids in a mixed population for an array of molecular and clinical diagnostic applications. The company...

...designed to hold large amounts of data. Although it may be useful to selectively bring particular items into... permissions to view and edit to particular groups and/or particular individuals, the issue of third-party...the University of Goettingen, and several other large research institutions. The following graphic depicts...small fraction of all data directly relevant to a particular experiment, series of experiments, or project...Integrations with additional tools are added on a regular basis, so the ecosystem of related tools is always...capture the conversations and associate them with a particular experiment or project thus significantly enhances... Resources on Addgene.org Find protocols of molecular biology techniques Find plasmids at Addgene Make...

...using electrophoresis, typically capillary electrophoresis. Capillary electrophoresis reads a fluorescent...repetitive regions or for higher accuracy of a particular sample.  Long-read sequencing (“Third-generation...technology, but Oxford Nanopore is one of the most popular options. Nanopore sequencing deviates from the ...reads using the BBTools suite, and assembles circularized plasmid sequences via a combination of open-...novo assemblers, so if one fails to generate a circular plasmid sequence, it moves to the next. If all...constantly faces the challenge of keeping up with the large amount of QC analysis required every week. They ...sequencing Technologies. Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, 122(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/cpmb.59...

...CRISPR, is turning potential into impact. In molecular and cellular biology, this happens through the development...this information to identify a large variety of related bacteria with similar Cas systems. Some of these ...exclusively on this space — developing tools for cellular targeting. Lately, they’ve been working on two...of Cas7-11 were reported as up to 85%, broadly similar to shRNA and Cas13 systems in a range of mammalian...fused integrase would then integrate into with a large DNA insert – or Programmable Addition via Site-specific...programmed for new genes. In comparison with other large insert techniques like HITI or HDR, which require... and adenovirus templates. The system, which is larger than Cas9, can also be used with mRNA and a synthetic...

... cell types depending on their serotype, are particularly challenging. Their efficacy in any given system...and to verify the quality of the prep. This was a large factor in Addgene’s decision to launch our viral...category, available from Addgene as of 2023. A large percentage of viral vector preps contain biosensors...were distributed in 2023 alone. You’ll also find a large number of requests for vectors in the “controls”... 4: A) Cumulative AAV preps for the seven most popular serotypes available from Addgene from 2016–2023...2023. B) AAV preps for the seven most popular serotypes distributed per year by Addgene from 2016–2023. ...in 2016, and it quickly became one of our most popular ready-to-use viral vectors, making up almost 10%...

...Replication and control of circular bacterial plasmids. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews: MMBR, ...Plasmids 101 Posts Get practical molecular biology help with our Molecular Biology Reference Pages   ...maintaining a stable concentration of plasmid. Similar to replication in E. coli, regulation primarily...replication of the plasmid proceeds (and terminates) similarly to the bacterial chromosome. Since replication... thereby the overall replication of pSC101 (del Solar et al., 1998). If that’s not enough to keep replication...must fold into a “pseudoknot” held together by intramolecular base pairs for the protein to be translated...5213. https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/17.17.5201 del Solar, G., Giraldo, R., Ruiz-Echevarría, M. J., Espinosa...

...also be used to map molecular pathways and genetic interactions. Additionally, large scale CRISPR-based...guides directed towards that gene as there can be a large difference in guide potency. Thus, in cases where...oligo library synthesis. Prior to Cas9 activators, similar tools were made using other DNA binding proteins...makes it much cheaper to use Cas9 activators. This larger scale of activation allows for exploratory-based...given cell type or organism, have been used in a similar manner to Cas9 activators. However, these can be...gene, as, many times, the isoform(s) common to a particular cell type are unknown or not readily available...target effects are generally not regarded as being a large problem for Cas9 activators. This is believed to...